487. ¿Cómo debería escribirse: I dreamt of you o I dreamed of you?

Ambas grafías (dreamed y dreamt) son perfectamente válidas.

Imagen 26 I dreamt of you.

Imagen 26 I dreamed of you.

Existe la idea generalizada de que el hecho de que algunos verbos ingleses, como dream, tengan ortografías distintas para las formas de pasado —tanto del past simple como del past participle, apuntan a la existencia de una ortografía británica y otra americana, siendo la -t la opción británica y -ed la americana. Pero lo cierto es que hay demasiados ejemplos de cada forma a ambos lados del Atlántico como para aceptar esta explicación sin más, y ambas son anteriores a la influencia homogeneizadora de los ordenadores personales e internet.

De hecho, hay muchos verbos en inglés cuyas formas de pasado se escriben siempre con t:

keepkept buildbuilt spendspent

loselost leaveleft

Y hay otros, como dream, para los que existen dos formas:

burnedburnt kneeledknelt learnedlearnt

spoiledspoilt spelledspelt spilledspilt

En algunos casos, la distancia entre la popularidad de la forma en -t respecto a la forma en -ed es escasa, mientras que en otros es bastante grande. Dealt por ejemplo, sigue siendo más común que dealed, excepto cuando la expresión to wheel and deal se conjuga en pasado, en cuyo caso dealed sería más común, probablemente porque así se conserva la rima:

She dealt with the problem calmly and professionally.

He wheeled and dealed until he’d made enough money to retire.

Es cierto que a veces el grado de popularidad de cada forma depende del lado del Atlántico donde nos encontremos. La forma spelt, por ejemplo, es mucho más común en el inglés británico que en el americano, pero spelled es incluso más frecuente en el inglés británico contemporáneo.

En realidad, las formas de pasado han vivido siempre en continua evolución —ya no se usa durst, sino dared, mientras que earnt resulta bastante arcaico hoy en día— y la letra t ha jugado en inglés un papel significativo entre las formas del pasado desde el Old English, como sucede en el resto de lenguas germánicas: los equivalentes en otras lenguas germánicas de worked —que en inglés se pronuncia con un sonido /t/ sí se escriben con t: gewerkt (en holandés y alemán), verkat (en sueco) y virket (danés).

En todos estos idiomas el sistema de conjugación verbal, antaño complejo, se ha ido simplificado con el paso del tiempo, algo que continúa ocurriendo en el presente.

Un aspecto de este proceso es que las formas acabadas en -t están siendo reemplazadas por formas acabadas en -ed. Y como la terminación -ed de palabras de uso frecuente, como worked, kissed, y liked , ya suena como /t/, parece que el cambio resulta inevitable.

Por tanto, no debería sorprender si dentro de unos años se utilizase Imagen 27 leaved en lugar de left, porque ya se puede elegir entre los participios creados de manera similar: cleaved y cleft, bereaved y bereft. Y si broadcasted se acepta como pasado de broadcast, ¿por qué no decir Imagen 27 casted en lugar de cast? De momento, sin embargo, sigue siendo necesario consultar el diccionario para averiguar qué forma o formas son aceptables.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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