461. ¿Conviene seguir el consejo de “Nunca hay que usar contracciones en textos formales”?

No es una buena recomendación, ya que el uso de contracciones en la escritura formal no solo es aceptable, sino que, a menudo, también es aconsejable. Algunos escritores —y profesores— siguen diciendo a sus lectores o alumnos que las contracciones no deben usarse nunca en la escritura formal. Sin embargo, es casi imposible encontrar un manual de estilo reputado que esté de acuerdo con esta prohibición; de hecho, muchos de estos manuales recomiendan activamente que se usen de forma prudente.

El término formal —como en “escritura formal”— resulta a menudo engañoso. Es más ilustrativo pensar en una escala del lenguaje que va del nivel “menos formal” al “más formal”, teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de los textos escritos se sitúan en la zona intermedia de la escala, en una posición que podría definirse como “neutra”. Es en esta zona donde resulta aceptable el uso de won’t, didn’t, couldn’t, hadn’t, needn’t, shouldn’t, etc. Los estudiantes de los exámenes de inglés de Cambridge, de los niveles C1/C2, suelen sorprenderse al ver que los modelos de examen oficiales no penalizan las contracciones de este tipo en la prueba escrita.

Sin embargo, en el extremo menos formal de la escala se localizan una serie de contracciones que, sin lugar a dudas, resultan demasiado coloquiales y que es mejor evitar, como what’ll, what’re, they’d y who’ve.

Los argumentos en contra del uso de contracciones en textos formales insisten en que estas son propias del lenguaje oral, que resultan demasiado coloquiales o familiares y que desvirtúan la seriedad de, por ejemplo, un ensayo sobre los principios de la legalidad. Por su parte, los argumentos a su favor señalan que pueden contribuir a la fluidez y naturalidad del texto, aportarle énfasis y conferirle una voz expresiva más convincente y creíble que la que tendría un texto libre de contracciones, sí, pero mecánico y encorsetado.

PARA SABER MÁS

Sobre cuándo ‘d es contracción de would y cuándo lo es de had198.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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