436. ¿Qué significa LGBT?

LGBT significa lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender. Existen siglas similares: LGBTQ (queer o questioning), LGBTQA (asexual o ally) LGBTQI (intersex). Questioning se refiere a alguien que no está seguro sobre su orientación de género. Un ally es alguien que no forma parte necesariamente de la comunidad LGBT, pero que la apoya o apoya a sus miembros de forma activa.

Facebook ofrece ahora a sus usuarios la posibilidad de elegir entre 50 definiciones de género para configurar sus perfiles. Esta proliferación de términos refleja la creciente convicción social de que la orientación sexual —definida y juzgada por la religión y la sociedad desde tiempo inmemorial—, además de diversa y compleja, constituye algo tan esencial en la identidad de un individuo que requiere y exige reconocimiento. El resultado es un aumento en el número de términos utilizados para las definiciones de género, de amplio uso, algunos de los cuales podrían resultar confusos para los estudiantes de inglés.

Gay es una definición neutra para referirse tanto a hombres como a mujeres, aunque las mujeres suelen preferir lesbian. Queer es una palabra que ha pasado de ser un insulto a ser reivindicada orgullosamente como seña de identidad. Se trata de un proceso lingüístico bastante frecuente, donde el término reivindicado por el grupo afín conserva su carga de insulto fuera de ese grupo (un afroamericano puede referirse a otro afroamericano como nigger, pero se considera inaceptable en boca de una persona blanca).

Algunos términos son similares, pero tienen diferentes significados. Transsexual se refiere a alguien que ha recibido tratamiento médico para cambiar de sexo; esto normalmente implica cirugía y tratamiento hormonal. Una persona transgender se identifica con —o expresa— una identidad de género diferente a la que tenía al nacer, aunque esto no significa necesariamente un cambio en su orientación sexual. La abreviatura trans es un término general que depende del contexto. Intersex es un término médico para una serie de trastornos que afectan a algunas personas, que nacen con una anatomía sexual o reproductiva que no concuerda con las definiciones típicas de hombre o mujer.

Transvestites y cross-dressers son personas —por lo general, hombres— que se visten con la ropa y accesorios del sexo opuesto. El término no implica ninguna orientación sexual particular, mientras que drag queen y drag king tienden a implicar ser gay.

El reconocimiento de las múltiples identidades de género significa que estamos ante un ámbito de la lengua en rápida evolución, con cambios sutiles en significados y en matices. Transvestite, por ejemplo, se ha asociado a menudo con vestirse para conseguir excitación sexual. Esto ahora se conoce como transvestic fetishism, y transvestite pasa a ser un término más neutro.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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