SOBRE EL INGLÉS NO NORMATIVO

450. ¿Qué significa ain’t?

Ain’t se usa como una forma negativa del presente de los verbos be o have:

If I Ain’t Got You (título de una canción de Alicia Keys).

It Ain’t Necessarily So (título de una canción de la ópera Porgy and Bess, de Gershwin y Gershwin).

He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother (título de una canción popularizada por The Hollies).

A menudo aparece sin sujeto:

Ain’t Got No, I Got Life (título de una canción de Nina Simone).

Ain’t No Sunshine (título de una canción de Bill Withers).

Ain’t generalmente se oye más en el habla oral que en la escritura y es conocido como uno de los rasgos no normativos más frecuentes del inglés dialectal, junto con la doble negación. De hecho, no resulta por tanto sorprendente encontrarlos frecuentemente juntos:

Ain’t No Mountain High Enough (título de una canción popularizada por Marvin Gaye y Tammi Terrell).

A menudo se asocia ain’t con el inglés afroamericano —como sugiere el hecho de que la mayor parte de los ejemplos utilizados para ilustrar esta explicación proceden del rhythm and blues (R&B) y de la música soul—, aunque esto puede resultar engañoso. Lo que sucede es que ain’t se suele ver escrito más a menudo en letras de canciones que deben su origen —la mayoría, si no todas— al R&B negro de las décadas de 1940 y 1950; si no aparecía ain’t en la letra de una canción, no se conseguiría capturar la esencia del ritmo y la rima de la canción. Lo cierto es que el uso de ain’t está extendido en el inglés oral de la mayor parte de Estados Unidos y del Reino Unido, en innumerables dialectos y acentos regionales, y esto viene siendo así como mínimo desde el siglo XVIII:

“I ain’t a going there, so I tell you!” (en Casa desolada, de Charles Dickens, 1852-1853).

“I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman” (en Pygmalion, de George Bernard Shaw, 1913).

Incluso hay ejemplos que documentan su utilización como un uso afectado propio de la clase alta:

“Still working the Cape Cod and Florida cycle. And it ain’t too bad” (en el Yale Alumni Magazine).

La flexibilidad de ain’t (en inglés afroamericano también puede usarse para didn’t), y su asociación con dialectos y acentos regionales es probablemente la razón —en estos días de normalización y homogeneización— por la que su uso está tan estigmatizado. Sin embargo, aun sin llegar a la categoría de palabra propiamente dicha, ain’t se puede encontrar en un par de frases hechas muy frecuentes:

You ain’t seen nothing yet!

If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.

El carácter informal de ain’t conlleva una pronunciación muy relajada, lo que normalmente significa que la -t final sea muda y el uso de un glottal stop (más o menos el sonido que se hace al separar las dos partes de oh oh). Si no suena lo suficientemente relajado, resulta extraño. Teniendo esto claro, y sabiendo que jamás de los jamases debe usarse en un contexto formal —probablemente ni siquiera en uno semiformal—, ain’t cae de lleno dentro de esa categoría de palabras que los estudiantes de inglés deben tener presentes, pero que probablemente no deberían intentar usar.

PARA SABER MÁS

Sobre la doble negación ⇒ 346.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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