414. ¿Hay alguna diferencia entre un vicary un priest?

La respuesta a esta pregunta es un confuso “sí y no”. Únicamente en la Iglesia anglicana se denomina al párroco vicar. La palabra vicar solo la utilizan los anglicanos y los episcopalianos, exceptuando el término Vicar of Christ, que se aplica exclusivamente al papa. En algunas congregaciones, a veces se utiliza el término en sentido técnico para designar a una especie de suplente o representante de la administración jerárquica, aunque este uso no se encuentra en el lenguaje corriente.

El término priest, sin embargo, puede aplicarse tanto al clero anglicano (o episcopaliano), como al católico y al ortodoxo. Aunque por lo general se suele incluir a la Iglesia anglicana entre las protestantes, de hecho se considera como parte de la tradición católica universal, de ahí la terminología. Por ello se habla de un Anglican priest, no de un Protestant priest. Las iglesias protestantes (o no conformistas) tienen ministers o pastors, nunca priests, ya que durante la Reforma rompieron con la teología sacramental que requiere de un mediador para celebrar los rituales sagrados, figura que encarna el priest. Se suele utilizar el término preacher en sectas protestantes fundamentalistas menores, que ponen el acento en predicar la palabra de Dios en lugar de en la administración de unos sacramentos. En el ejército, los términos chaplain y padre designan a cualquier sacerdote o pastor cristiano, teniendo el de padre (que se pronuncia como en español), además, la consideración de tratamiento.

El término priestess, por sus vínculos con las religiones clásicas de la Antigüedad, tiene unas connotaciones paganas que no concilian bien con el cristianismo actual, así que las mujeres del clero reciben el tratamiento de (women o female) priests, ministers, pastors, vicars y bishops. Como el celibato no es obligatorio para el clero anglicano, ortodoxo o protestante, existen muchos sacerdotes y pastores casados —de hecho, es lo normal para la mayoría—, pero no hay términos específicos para denominar a su pareja. Se refiere, por ejemplo, simplemente a la vicar’s wife o al minister’s husband.

Priest también se aplica a los oficiantes de la mayoría de las religiones oficiales no cristianas, como el budismo, el hinduísmo y el sintoísmo, pero nunca a los del judaísmo o el islam, que se designan, respectivamente, como rabbis e imams.

El término shaman se aplica al individuo a quien, en determinadas culturas, se le atribuye el poder de acceder al reino de los espíritus, benignos y malignos, y de influir sobre ellos a través de ciertos rituales. También se emplean los términos de witch doctor (‘brujo, hechicero’) y medicine man (‘curandero’), pero hoy en día se consideran anticuados y posiblemente ofensivos para con algunos grupos étnicos.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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