366. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre I have rarely eaten such a good meal y Rarely have I eaten such a good meal?

Aunque no existe ninguna diferencia de significado, en el segundo ejemplo se utiliza la inversion (invertir el orden habitual de «sujeto + verbo» para conferir más énfasis o impacto retórico a la frase). Un grupo bastante amplio de lo que llamamos normalmente negative o restrictive adverbials, como not only, only when, y hardly, funciona de este modo. Se colocan al principio de la oración compuesta y resultan muy eficaces para retrasar el foco de atención de la oración, despertando así el interés del receptor al indicarle que se va a decir algo importante.

Comparemos las siguientes frases completas:

I am seldom late to bed unless it’s a special occasion.

Seldom am I late to bed unless it’s a special occasion.

(La segunda es más enfática).

Si no existe un auxiliary o modal verb, se usa la forma apropiada de do:

Imagen 27 Seldom go I to the cinema.

Imagen 26 Seldom do I go to the cinema.

Imagen 26 He allowed himself a large piece of cake after finishing the essay.

Imagen 26 Only after finishing the essay, did he allow himself a large piece of cake.

Como algunas adverbials son bastante largas, puede llegar a ser difícil decidir en qué casos se puede utilizar la inversion, pues eso implica identificar correctamente la oración principal en una oración compuesta.

Imagen 12

Oraciones compuestas como esta se consideran formales y no se suelen usar en una conversación. Son más propias del lenguaje escrito, o de discursos y presentaciones. Incluso en estos casos deben usarse con cautela y manteniendo la coherencia de tono con el conjunto, pues de lo contrario se corre el riesgo de resultar forzado y poco natural. La inversion es uno de los temas favoritos en los exámenes de alto nivel en inglés, tales como el Cambridge Proficiency.

Muchas de las adverbials que se suelen utilizar pueden reformularse cambiando el orden de las palabras:

I have rarely seen such an impressive performance.

Rarely have I seen such an impressive performance.

Algunos patrones de inversion se usan para enfatizar la idea de que dos cosas sucedieron en un momento muy cercano en el tiempo: no sooner… than / scarcely, hardly, barely… when:

No sooner had he been promoted than the company filed for bankruptcy.

Scarcely had I fixed the problem when another one arose.

Hardly had the police sealed off the area when there was an explosion.

La inversion con so y such como recurso retórico o literario se puede encontrar al principio de una oración compuesta:

Such was the darkness of the old house that we immediately felt it to be a frightening presence.

So eager was he to reach the top of the hill that he ran until he got there and arrived exhausted.

Otro ejemplo del uso literario de la inversion es la construcción formada por «adjetivo / adverbio + be»:

Happy is the bride that the sun shines on.

Gone are the days when children would play in the streets.

“Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth” (“Bienaventurados los mansos porque ellos heredarán la tierra”; Mateo, 5:5).

PARA SABER MÁS

El uso de inversión con palabras como here167.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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