335. ¿Qué forma debe utilizarse: I’m doing a MBA o I’m doing an MBA?

La forma correcta en este caso es an: I’m doing an MBA. La primera sílaba de MBA se pronuncia /em/, así que tenemos que utilizar la forma an del artículo indeterminado:

Imagen 27 I’m doing a MBA

Imagen 26 I’m doing an MBA

Cuando la palabra que sigue al artículo indeterminado empieza con sonido vocálico se utiliza la forma an, y no la forma a, independientemente de la letra —consonante o vocal— con que esa palabra se escriba, como equivocadamente se enseña muchas veces. En general, las palabras cuya primera letra es una vocal tienden a empezar con un sonido de vocal y aquellas cuya primera letra es una consonante comienzan normalmente con un sonido de consonante. Pero no siempre.

Cuando recitamos el alfabeto, las consonantes f, h, l, m, n, r, s, y, x se pronuncian con un sonido inicial de vocal: /ef/, /eɪtʃ/, /el/, /em/, /en/, /a:r/, /es/ y /eks/. Esto significa, como en el caso de MBA, que las siglas que empiezan con esas letras van precedidas por an y no por a:

Playing an FBI Special Agent working on the X-Files, Duchovny was adored by millions of fans.

An NBA spokesperson said that he was looking forward to the game.

La letra u, tanto en el alfabeto como en acrónimos y al principio de palabras como unit, union o unicorn, se pronuncia como la palabra you (/ju:/), lo que significa que debe ir precedida por a y no por an:

Nick served as a UN peacekeeper for many years.

Fathoms are a unit of length, but are mainly used to measure the depth of water.

One y once se pronuncian ambas con una consonante inicial /w/ y, por consiguiente, van precedidas por a y no por an:

It’s a once in a lifetime offer!

Nena, who had a hit with 99 Red Balloons, is a one-hit wonder.

Las palabras que empiezan con h también pueden ocasionar problemas. Palabras como house o hat, en las que la consonante h casi siempre se pronuncia, son bastante sencillas. Pero hay que tener en cuenta que en hour, honour y heir (‘heredero’) la h- no se pronuncia, lo cual nos deja con un sonido inicial de vocal:

It’s been over an hour and a half since last stopped for a coffee.

The queen’s role, as the King saw it, was to provide him with an heir.

Otras palabras que empiezan con la letra h tienen aún más intríngulis, porque no solo es que su pronunciación haya podido experimentar cambios con el tiempo, es que además no cambia igual en todos los casos. Que un espectador afirme, por ejemplo, que lo que contó un cómico fue a hilarious joke o an hilarious joke, o que un policía etiquete a un delincuente como a habitual criminal o an habitual criminal, dependerá a menudo —y especialmente en el Reino Unido— de su acento. Y en algunas novelas antiguas el lector puede encontrarse, por ejemplo, con an historian staying in an hotel. Sin embargo, en el inglés escrito se tiende actualmente a usar an delante de palabras como hotel, historian, hilarious y habitual. Esta tendencia se acentúa aún más en el inglés americano, aunque an herb es una destacada excepción.

¿LO SABÍAS?

La confusión en torno al artículo indeterminado tiene una larga historia. Durante el siglo XIV, las palabras apron (a napron, ‘delantal, mandil’), umpire (a noumpere, ‘árbitro’) y adder (a nadder, ‘víbora’) perdieron su n- inicial original, mientras que nickname (an ekename) incorporó una simplemente, porque, ante la ausencia de diccionarios que sirviesen de referente normativo, los que escribían tenían que decidir por sí mismos dónde acababa el artículo y dónde empezaba el sustantivo. Aunque esta confusión no es exclusiva del inglés. Es la razón de que orange, procedente de la palabra árabe naranj, no empiece con n- en inglés, francés (orange) o italiano (arancione), aunque sí en español (naranja).

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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