125. ¿Qué adjetivo habría que utilizar en la siguiente frase?: You must beintelligent / clever / smart to be alawyer.

Los tres adjetivos serían correctos, dependiendo del tipo de inteligencia al que nos estemos refiriendo. Aunque muchas veces se usan de manera indistinta, en realidad existen importantes diferencias entre intelligent, clever y smart.

Intelligent significa que se poseen o muestran cualidades propias de la inteligencia y un alto grado de agilidad mental. Implica capacidad para aprender, y no necesariamente en el ámbito académico. Intelligent es un adjetivo que indica una cualidad positiva o neutra y a menudo se relaciona con la habilidad para enfrentarse a situaciones nuevas. La existencia de los tests de inteligencia demuestra que muchos consideran que la inteligencia es una facultad mental que se puede medir:

It was an intelligent decision to consult an expert.

We need an intelligent person to manage the new system.

In those days, intelligent pupils were the ones who were good at things like Greek and Latin whereas being good at maths wasn’t seen as anything special.

El significado de clever es parecido al de intelligent, pero pone el acento en la capacidad para aprender y pensar con rapidez. Incluye una connotación de ‘agudo, ingenioso’ que no tienen ni smart ni intelligent:

She’s really clever and was the first to find the correct solution to the math problem.

It was clever of you to notice they’d charged us for two dishes we didn’t order.

Cuando se usa clever para calificar el talento de alguien para hacer comentarios ingeniosos, está claro que se está valorando tanto su habilidad para hacerlos como su rapidez de respuesta. El ingenio verbal (wit) requiere el uso de la inteligencia (porque también se puede hacer gracia sin ser inteligente):

That was a very clever excuse he made about being late for class due to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Quizá porque clever tiene algo de exhibición de inteligencia, puede adquirir tintes negativos si se interpreta como un signo de engreimiento y autosuficiencia. Este significado lo encontramos en expresiones como too clever by half (‘pasarse de listo’) y clever dick / clogs (‘listillo’).

He’s too clever by half and never listens to good advice.

Come on clever dick, if you know everything, tell us the answer.

Clever también se usa para describir ciertas habilidades concretas:

Dad made this doll’s house - he’s clever with his hands.

Mum’s always been clever with numbers and does calculations in her head.

De las tres palabras, smart es la más informal. Se parece a clever en que también describe la utilización eficaz, y muchas veces rápida, de la inteligencia:

That was a very smart investment in arms she made just before the war.

Do you think he’s smart enough to get the best deal?

Smart también tiene a menudo connotaciones negativas:

He thinks he’s so smart but he’s wrong most of the time.

Ser smart se asocia a menudo con la juventud. A los edificios cuyo sistema de control está informatizado se les califica de intelligent. Los teléfonos móviles y las televisiones, que son inventos mucho más recientes que los edificios, se califican como smart, manteniendo así su asociación con la idea de novedad y frescura.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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