428. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre Spanish y Spaniard?

La única que existe es de índole gramatical; es decir, Spaniard es un sustantivo y Spanish un adjetivo. Al igual que todos los sustantivos y adjetivos que denotan nacionalidad siempre se escriben con mayúscula inicial:

Imagen 27 Alejandro is a Spanish.

Imagen 27 Nieves and Álvaro are Spanishes.

Imagen 26 Alejandro is a Spaniard. / Nieves and Álvaro are Spaniards (nacidos en España o de nacionalidad española).

Imagen 26 Alejandro is Spanish. / Nieves and Álvaro are Spanish (nacidos en España o de nacionalidad española).

Aunque algunos tengan la impresión de que Spaniard es un término peyorativo, esto no es verdad, ya que la palabra existe en el lenguaje desde el período medieval y es totalmente neutra y objetiva.

Para referirse a la población en su totalidad se utiliza «the + adjetivo» cuando este último acaba en -sh, -ch, -ese o -ss:

The Spanish won the Football World Cup in 2010.

The Dutch are famous for their bulb fields and windmills.

The Japanese are a very industrious nation.

The Swiss produce the finest watches in the world.

Si el adjetivo acaba en -ese o -ss también se utiliza como sustantivo, aunque en la práctica la mayoría de hablantes usa el adjetivo:

Lluis is a Portuguese. / Lluis is Portuguese.

Markus is a Swiss. / Markus is Swiss.

Para la formación del plural de otras nacionalidades se añade una -s al final del sustantivo en singular (que suele coincidir con la forma del adjetivo):

Belgian chocolate is world famous.

Hercule Poirot is a famous, fictitious Belgian.

The Belgians are well-known for their excellent chips.

Thai cuisine is very popular nowadays in Europe.

My cousin Andrea married a Thai.

The Thais are very hospitable people.

Sin embargo, hay ciertas excepciones. En primer lugar, algunas nacionalidades cuentan con la opción de utilizar formas acabadas en -man o -woman que, a su vez, pueden formar su plural con -men y -women:

She’s English / French / Welsh / Irish / Scottish / Dutch.

He’s a(n) Englishman / Frenchman / Welshman / Irishman / Scotsman / Dutchman

They’re Englishwomen / Frenchwomen / Welshwomen / Irishwomen / Scotswomen / Dutchwomen

En segundo lugar, también existen ciertos sustantivos que, al igual que Spaniard, forman su plural con -s y pueden reemplazar al adjetivo:

He/She’s Scottish / a Scot.

He/She’s Danish / a Dane.

He/She’s Swedish / a Swede.

He/She’s Finnish / a Finn.

He/She’s German / a German.

He/She’s Turkish / a Turk.

He/She’s Polish / a Pole.

En el caso de British también existen los términos Briton y Brit. El primero rara vez aparece fuera de los reportajes de actualidad, mientras que el segundo es un vocablo informal:

TEN BRITONS REPORTED MISSING IN AVALANCHE

I’m not one of those Brits who has to have chips with everything!

Algunos angloparlantes, estadounidenses en particular, utilizan Scotch, una alternativa que designa a los que tienen ascendencia escocesa. Se trata de un vocablo anticuado, que los escoceses odian con toda su alma: nunca lo utilizan para definirse a sí mismos y, al igual que mucha gente de todo el planeta, asumen que Scotch se refiere al Scotch whisky:

“Set up another case, bartender! The best thing for a case of nerves is a case of Scotch.” (“¡Abra otra caja de whisky, camarero! Lo mejor contra los nervios es estar ebrio”; W. C. Fields).

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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