298. ¿Se dice Billy’s in school now o Billy’s at school now?

Los hablantes británicos seguramente dirían at school en todas las situaciones. Los americanos tienden más a usar at school cuando hacen referencia a la localización física de Billy, e in school cuando se refieren a que está escolarizado, matriculado en un colegio. Sin embargo, la diferencia entre estos dos significados no siempre queda clara:

Billy’s in school now. He started last year. (USA)

Billy’s at school now. He started last year. (UK)

We can’t come at 3 o’clock. Bella is still in school at that time. (USA)

We can’t come at 3 o’clock. Bella is still at school at that time. (UK y USA)

Una vez decidido si el niño está in o at school, tanto el inglés americano como el británico usan in class, o in a class, porque una clase no es un lugar físico: es un grupo con unos determinados límites, como lo es una banda o una parroquia (por eso diríamos que alguien está in a gang o in a church congregation). Esa abstracción permite usar muchos sustantivos tanto con in como con at —que tiende a describir un lugar físico— con una clara diferencia de significado:

Heather’s at the prison, visiting Vincent (la ubicación física de Heather es la prisión).

Charlie had been in prison for 15 years, and was desperate for a beer (Charlie formaba parte del grupo de prisioneros).

We’ve been at the hospital visiting my granny (nuestra ubicación física ha sido el hospital).

He’s been in hospital for about a week now (él forma parte del grupo de pacientes).

Con algunos sustantivos existen más posibilidades, pero at tiende a permanecer asociada con lo físico:

Sandra, I’ve asked you not to call me at work (el lugar físico donde trabajo).

She’s hard at work, tidying up the garden (ella está trabajando).

She’s the only one of the family in work (ella está dentro del grupo de gente que tiene trabajo; no está desempleada o ‘fuera del grupo de los que tienen trabajo’).

I used to work at the cinema on Jameson Street (el lugar donde se exhiben películas).

“The first British actor who really worked well in cinema was Albert Finney” (en el ámbito de la actuación cinematográfica; declaración de Anthony Hopkins).

Este último ejemplo, y los que vienen a continuación, muestran de qué manera se usa in para reflejar la existencia de límites en las distintas áreas o campos de interés, estudio o trabajo:

Having worked in sales for the last five years, I’m now ready for a career change.

He graduated in History, before deciding to become a language teacher.

She’s not really interested in pop music.

Incluso concebimos nuestros sentimientos como “recipientes” con límites definidos:

Could it be I’ve fallen in love? (título de una canción de The [Detroit] Spinners, de 1972).

Look Back in Anger (título de una obra de John Osborne, de 1956).

PARA SABER MÁS

Sobre los usos diferentes de school413.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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