417. ¿En qué se diferencian las designaciones UK, GB y British Isles?

UK es una sigla que significa The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Es un estado soberano compuesto por cuatro países: Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales e Irlanda del Norte. El Reino Unido es el resultado de una unificación territorial, legislación, y acuerdos, el más antiguo de los cuales data del año 975 y el más reciente de 1922, cuando la República de Irlanda se retiró de la Unión. El término United Kingdom no se adoptó hasta 1801.

GB es la forma abreviada de Great Britain, que a su vez designa una superficie terrestre, no un país. Se entiende que ese Great se refiere a la mayor de las Islas Británicas, formada por Inglaterra, Escocia y Gales. Tras esta designación pudo subyacer originalmente la intención de distinguir la isla de su vecina continental, la Bretaña francesa, aunque la elección también pudo haber sido fruto del notorio ego del rey Jaime I de Inglaterra y VI de Escocia (1603), para dejar bien claro que se había convertido en el monarca de todo aquel tinglado. Las connotaciones de “orgullo desmesurado” que entraña el adjetivo Great podrían explicar por qué suele reducirse a Britain. Por tanto, Irlanda del Norte no forma parte de Gran Bretaña, aunque en los juegos olímpicos el equipo reciba el nombre de Team GB (Great Britain and Northern Ireland Olympic Team), una cuestión que a los norirlandeses les resulta molesta, y a cualquiera que intente explicar las diferencias que aquí nos ocupan, confuso.

The British Isles es el nombre de un archipiélago que comprende Gran Bretaña, Irlanda, la isla de Man, las islas Sorlingas, las islas del Canal y hasta 5000 islas menores más.

Pese a que Inglaterra haya dominado tanto el gobierno como la industria británicos, y pese a tener comparativamente mayor número de habitantes, no debería utilizarse como sinónimo de UK o GB. Para comprobarlo empíricamente, basta con entrar en una taberna de Glasgow y preguntar a los parroquianos si se consideran ingleses.

Albion es el nombre más antiguo conocido de Gran Bretaña y hoy en día es, fundamentalmente, un término literario que evoca imágenes legendarias de esas islas ancestrales. Derivada del latín, la mención a la blancura de Albión puede deberse a los acantilados blancos de Dover, tal vez lo primero que vieron los romanos al llegar a Inglaterra.

Los soldados de la Primera Guerra Mundial popularizaron la palabra Blighty para referirse a Gran Bretaña o, más frecuentemente, a Inglaterra. Todavía se utiliza como una mención afectuosa, nostálgica o ligeramente irónica que evoca una isla gris donde conviven la lluvia, el críquet y los trenes cancelados.

¿LO SABÍAS?

La palabra Blighty tiene sus orígenes en la India colonial, en una palabra urdu que significa ‘extranjero’ y que entró a formar parte de la jerga militar inglesa junto con otras palabras indias que pasaron con el tiempo al habla general, sin que la mayoría de los angloparlantes se diesen cuenta de que debían sus orígenes a otra lengua. Entre estas se encuentran palabras estándares como shampoo, bungalow, gymkhana, guru, pyjamas, y veranda, así como otras que se emplean de manera coloquial, por ejemplo: chit/chitty = un apunte o recibo (I’ll try to find your order - have you got the chit with the serial number?); dekko = un vistazo (Take a dekko at these shirts - do you like them?); pukka = auténtico, excelente (Their pies are pukka - well worth the money!).

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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