200. ¿Significan lo mismo estas oraciones?: I can’t help today, but I could help tomorrow. / I can’t help today, but I can help tomorrow.

Ambas oraciones son correctas, aunque diferentes, ya que comprometerse a ayudar a alguien utilizando el verbo can tiene un significado más firme. El uso de could crea distancia, dejando el compromiso en suspenso, posiblemente con el fin de evitar el tener que ayudar o porque el hablante duda sinceramente de que pueda cumplir dicho ofrecimiento:

Imagen 26 I can’t do it today, but I could do it tomorrow.

Imagen 26 I can’t do it today, but I can do it tomorrow.

El origen de esta pregunta probablemente se deba a que could suele describirse como el pasado de can. Sin embargo, la relación entre ambas formas es más compleja, ya que could es la remote form de can. Como en el ejemplo anterior, la diferencia, o distancia entre la close form (can) y la remote form (could), es una cuestión de probabilidad:

Go on! You can do it! Be confident, and you can do anything!

She could surprise us all and get the job, but I doubt it.

Con frecuencia reconocemos la barrera social que nos separa de otros interlocutores eligiendo la remote form frente a la próxima; por ello, could parece más formal que can:

Can you pass me the salt, please?

Could you pass the salt, please?

Esta noción de distancia entre una close form y una remote form también se aplica al concepto de tiempo, si bien es importante recordar que todos los modal verbs, could incluido, responden a las percepciones que el hablante tiene en el presente. Se utiliza could para hablar del pasado porque el pasado parece lejano (remoto), no la capacidad o la posibilidad:

I can swim! I just don’t like the look of the water here.

I could swim when I was younger, and I suppose you don’t forget, but it’s been so long...

Esta idea se puede aplicar a todos los modal verbs, salvo a must. La excepción de must no se basa en la gramática, sino en su significado, ya que must se utiliza cuando el hablante ve algo como necesario, y la necesidad implica urgencia, inmediatez (lo opuesto de algo remoto).

Probabilidad:

If you do that again, I’ll kill you!

I wouldn’t want a big wedding, but I guess that’s just me.

I may go out later, so don’t forget your key.

She might say yes, so why not ask?

They must have been mad!

Social:

Shall we go out later?

Should you require any further information, please don’t hesitate to call.

—Would you like to try some? —If I may, thank you’.

Might I suggest the cod, followed by the pheasant, Madam?

You must be joking! Two hundred? For this?

Tiempo:

He’ll come home at 8:30, as usual and then we’ll probably have a little G&T before dinner.

When we were kids, my granddad would give us a 50p piece every week to buy sweets.

I may pop over later, if that’s OK.

She said she might pop over later.

You simply must go and see it! It’s the best film I’ve ever seen.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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