248. ¿Debe decirse I’m going to lie down for a while o I’m going to lay down for a while?

La oración que debe emplearse es I’m going to lie down for a while.

El hecho de que estos verbos tengan significados similares, así como la coincidencia entre algunas formas, explicaría la frecuencia con la que se usan de modo erróneo. Sin embargo, los dos verbos son muy distintos y cada uno cumple su propia función.

Analicemos primero sus respectivas formas y definiciones:

Lie / lay / lain (present participle: lying). Verbo intransitivo: ‘tumbarse o estar tumbado’.

lay / laid / laid (present participle: laying). Verbo transitivo: ‘colocar’.

A pesar de que el verbo lie puede aparecer sin necesidad de ir acompañado de ninguna otra palabra, es más habitual encontrarlo en el phrasal verb lie down. Se tiende a utilizar lie de forma descriptiva, mientras que con lie down se hace hincapié en la acción:

The baby lay in the cradle gurgling contentedly (se está describiendo el momento).

Mary lay down on the sofa and soon fell fast asleep (se está explicando lo que hizo María).

El verbo lay siempre aparece solo y debe tener un complemento directo:

—Where shall I put the coats? —Lay them on the sofa in the hall.

Por otro lado, si lay se convierte en lay down, el significado cambia por completo:

The commandos laid down their guns (dejaron de usarlas o las depusieron).

The Health and Safety Handbook lays down what to do in case of fire (nos da instrucciones).

El uso indistinto de lie y lay parece haber sido aceptado hasta el siglo XVIII, lo que podría explicar la fuerte pervivencia de sus distintas variantes en dialectos y hablas regionales. Probablemente tampoco ayude a diferenciarlos su aparición en la oración infantil que conoce prácticamente todo el mundo anglófono y que empieza así:

Now I lay me down to sleep / I pray the Lord my soul to keep…” (impreso por primera vez en la edición de 1784 de la Cartilla de Nueva Inglaterra, aunque probablemente se utilizara incluso algún tiempo antes de esa fecha).

Aunque muchos hablantes regionales defienden enérgicamente el uso de las variantes, se debe aprender a utilizar las formas normativas, más teniendo en cuenta que el uso incorrecto de las formas de past participle se toma, por lo general, como uno de los indicadores más evidentes de un bajo nivel educativo:

Imagen 27 I’m going to lie the book on the table

Imagen 27 I layed the book on the table.

Imagen 26 I laid the book on the table.

Imagen 27 She laid on the floor unconscious.

Imagen 26 She lay on the floor unconscious.

Imagen 27 She’s laid there for hours.

Imagen 26 She’s lain there for hours.

Imagen 27 The dog’s laying on the doorstep.

Imagen 26 The dog’s lying on the doorstep.

Aunque algunas formas coinciden, el contexto nos ayuda a evitar la confusión con el verbo lie / lied / lied (present participle: lying), que significa ‘no decir la verdad’.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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