416. La orquesta West-Eastern Divan, de Daniel Barenboim, está compuesta de ¿Muslims o Moslems? y ¿Jews o Jewish?

Para designar al seguidor de la religión denominada Islam pueden utilizarse tanto Muslim como Moslem, aunque el primer término es el más utilizado y el preferido hoy en día. La misma palabra sirve como adjetivo y como sustantivo:

He’s a Muslim.

She’s Muslim.

Antiguamente se llamaba a los musulmanes Mohammedans o Muhammadans, pero en la actualidad estos términos se consideran arcaicos y ofensivos. Se aplica el adjetivo Islamic —que es neutro— a todo lo relativo al islam. El término Islamist, por el contrario, se utiliza exclusivamente para referirse a la militancia o fundamentalismo islámico, así que por lo general se aplica con connotaciones negativas:

Islamic culture focuses on the use of Arabic script as an art form.

The Mosque at Córdoba is an outstanding example of Islamic architecture.

He’s a member of a hardline Islamist pressure group.

She’s an Islamist, so she’s in favour of imposing sharia law.

Para referirse a los devotos del judaísmo (en inglés Judaism) la cuestión terminológica resulta más compleja. Existen Jew (sustantivo) y Jewish (adjetivo), y aunque ambos se utilizan, se suele preferir el adjetivo al sustantivo, ya que, dependiendo del contexto, este último podría resultar peyorativo:

Joel Smith is Jewish(adj.: exposición neutral de los hechos).

There are two Jewish students in my class (adj.: exposición neutral de los hechos).

There are two Jew students in my class (sust.: extremadamente ofensivo, ya que tal era la intención del hablante).

There are two Jews in my class (sust.: según el contexto podría resultar ofensivo).

My name is Joel Smith and I’m proud to be a Jew (sust.: autodescriptivo y, evidentemente, nada ofensivo en este contexto).

Actualmente, el término Jewess como denominación de una mujer judía se considera arcaico e insultante, al igual que el verbo jew (down), que significaba ‘estafar o regatear precios; trapichear’, perpetuando un estereotipo históricamente ofensivo.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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