132. ¿Son correctos estos tres adjetivos?: Smoking is banned / prohibited / forbidden.

Sí. Tanto banned como prohibited y forbidden significan que algo no está permitido. Generalmente van asociados a leyes, normas y condiciones claramente especificadas.

Las diferencias entre ellos se producen sobre todo en función de los contextos en que se utilizan y respecto a los tipos de cosas o acciones a las que se refieren. Por lo demás, son generalmente intercambiables:

Photography is banned / prohibited / forbidden in the museum.

Transporting live animals is banned / prohibited / forbidden.

Banned es la opción menos adecuada en los dos ejemplos anteriores, seguramente porque se usa cuando algo que estaba permitido anteriormente deja de estarlo o cuando una prohibición es temporal:

I’m banned from that bar because I started a fight (fui a ese bar en el pasado).

Cars have been banned from the city centre due to levels of pollution (probablemente se les volverá a permitir entrar).

Banned se usa más con cosas que con acciones y por esa razón es menos frecuente que prohibited y forbidden:

Imagen 27 Cycling is banned from the pavements

Imagen 26 Cyclists are banned from using the pavement.

Prohibited se usa en frases bastante formales y su tono suele ser neutro:

Hunting is prohibited throughout the forest.

Please ensure your luggage does not contain any prohibited objects.

Taking a phone into the examination room is prohibited.

Forbidden se puede utilizar para aportar connotaciones morales o éticas al objeto de la prohibición. A uno lo tienta una fruta forbidden, no una fruta banned o prohibited:

She told me contraception was forbidden in her religion.

Although they knew it was wrong to kiss they couldn’t resist the forbidden fruit.

Resulta interesante observar que durante la era victoriana y la primera parte del siglo XX se usó más forbidden que prohibited, y que este término solo se impuso en los años 80, seguramente porque era ya una época menos moralista.

La relativa neutralidad de prohibited explica su uso preferente en normativas de seguridad, como podemos comprobar en aviones y aeropuertos. Sin embargo, a menudo se la sustituye por not allowed que parece más suave y considerada con los usuarios:

Please be aware that smoking is not allowed at any time during this flight.

En Londres, los autores de textos para señales, sin duda frustrados por la omnipresencia de prohibited en la ciudad, han buscado otras alternativas. De ahí el letrero en la parte trasera de unos famosos grandes almacenes, que dice: “Don’t even think of parking here” (‘Ni se le ocurra aparcar aquí’).

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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