141. ¿Qué opción es la correcta?: I was ashamed when I couldn’t remember his name. / I was embarrassed when I couldn’t remember his name.

La correcta es I was embarrassed when I couldn’t remember his name. Aunque algunas veces se puede producir cierto solapamiento en el uso de estos adjetivos, también existen claras líneas divisorias. Embarrassment es la consecuencia de haber contravenido algún tipo de código social, mientras que shame significa que lo que se ha producido es un descalabro moral.

Embarrassment es la emoción que se experimenta en un momento de incomodidad social, generalmente fugaz, en el que una persona se siente violenta y cohibida y puede sonrojarse, tartamudear o sudar. Se puede sentir embarrassment por uno mismo o por otra persona:

She blushes with embarrassment whenever anyone pays her a compliment.

I was embarrassed by the way the manager slurped his soup at the company dinner.

De una persona que está profundamente embarrassed se suele decir que está mortified (‘muerta de vergüenza’):

I asked her how soon the baby was due – I mean, she had a huge belly - and was absolutely mortified when she informed me that she wasn’t pregnant!

Shame, por otra parte, describe una emoción que, por lo general, tiene raíces más profundas y mayor duración. Nos sentimos ashamed cuando somos conscientes de algún fallo en nuestra personalidad o cuando nos sabemos culpables de alguna fechoría moral y/o nos arrepentimos de ella:

You ought to be ashamed of yourself, shouting and swearing at a helpless old lady!

I was ashamed of my cowardice but I just couldn’t bear to admit I’d lied.

Nos sentiríamos ashamed (una emoción provocada por un conflicto interno) por haber copiado en un examen, pero solo nos sentiríamos embarrassed (una emoción originada por algo externo) si el profesor nos descubriera y pidiera explicaciones.

Puesto que en shame puede existir también un cierto grado de embarrassment, es normal que, en la práctica, algunas veces los dos significados se solapen:

He is ashamed of his parents (seguramente un rasgo fundamental de su relación con ellos).

His parents are an embarrassment to him (probablemente solo en determinado contexto social).

Debemos tener cuidado cuando intentemos expresar el concepto ‘vergüenza ajena’. Existen varias maneras de expresar esa idea, pero ninguna incluye la palabra shame:

Imagen 27 The violinist played so badly I was ashamed of him.

Imagen 26 The violinist played so badly I was embarrassed (for him).

Imagen 26 The violinist played so badly it was embarrassing.

Imagen 26 The violinist played so badly I felt bad for him.

Imagen 26 The violinist played so badly I cringed.

Imagen 26 The violinist’s playing was cringeworthy.

(El violinista tocaba tan mal que sentí vergüenza ajena).

Otro concepto que también resulta problemático es ‘vergonzoso’. Cuando se aplica a situaciones se traduce como shameful o con alguno de sus sinónimos cercanos, tales como outrageous, disgraceful, shocking o, incluso, embarrassing.

The government’s response to this humanitarian crisis has been shameful.

Sin embargo, cuando se aplica a la personalidad humana, ninguna de las expresiones que podríamos usar incluiría las palabras ashamed o embarrassed:

She’s the shiest / most timid / most withdrawn / most diffident / most reserved child I’ve ever met (es la niña más vergonzosa que jamás he conocido).

My cousin’s very backward at coming forward / My cousin always hangs back (mi primo es muy vergonzoso).

Para transmitir el concepto de ‘hacer el ridículo’ tenemos también varias opciones, ninguna de las cuales incluye la palabra shame:

Imagen 27 I didn’t want to be ashamed of myself, so I said nothing.

Imagen 26 I didn’t want to embarrass myself, so I said nothing.

Imagen 26 I didn’t want to make a fool of myself, so I said nothing.

(No quería hacer el ridículo, así que me callé).

Otras expresiones útiles usando una u otra palabra son:

It’s a shameNadal didn’t win the tournament (fue mala suerte / fue una pena).

You forgot to buy me an expensive present for my birthday – shame on you! (deberías sentirte avergonzado —dicho en tono de humor—).

It’s high time we named and shamed all drink drivers (afirmar públicamente que uno ha hecho algo que la gente bien pensante condena).

I’d offer to stand you all a round of drinks, but I’m afraid I’m seriously financially embarrassed this week! (tengo poco o ningún dinero —dicho siempre en tono de humor—).

He crept in rather shamefaced and confessed that he’d forgotten all about the meeting (en actitud cohibida, abochornada o avergonzada).

Quizá convenga mencionar también que embarrassed no debe confundirse nunca con ‘embarazada’, que, por supuesto, se traduce como pregnant.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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