Le Ch’an ou Zen : le bruit d’une seule main qui applaudit

Vous avez certainement déjà entendu parler de ces maîtres zen qui frappent leurs disciples avec un bâton ou hurlent des instructions à tue-tête. Ce que vous ne savez peut-être pas, c’est que le zen est un mélange unique entre le bouddhisme Mahâyâna (dont je viens de mentionner l’aspect égalitaire) et une tradition originaire de Chine appelée taoïsme (qui met l’accent sur la nature continue et indivisée de la vie appelée Tao). Même si la pénétration du bouddhisme en Chine grâce aux moines indiens débuta dans les premiers siècles apr. J.-C., il fallut attendre le VIIe ou le VIIIe siècle pour que le zen devienne un courant distinct. Il s’est alors démarqué radicalement de la tradition bouddhiste en mettant l’accent sur une transmission directe et muette de l’état d’illumination du maître au disciple – parfois par un comportement que les normes actuelles considéreraient certainement comme excentrique voire bizarre.

IllustrationContrairement aux autres traditions bouddhistes qui se sont focalisées sur l’étude des textes, le Zen a rejeté les théories métaphysiques pour ne plus donner qu’un mot d’ordre : contentez-vous de vous asseoir ! La méditation est alors devenue le moyen essentiel de démanteler une vie entière d’attachement au monde matériel et de comprendre ce que les maîtres zen appelaient la Nature-de-Bouddha, la sagesse innée présente en chacun de nous.

 

Le zen a également introduit ces énigmes apparemment simples mais insolubles appelées « kôans » comme « Quelle est la nature du bruit provoqué par une seule main qui applaudit ? » ou encore « à quoi ressemblait votre visage originel avant la naissance de vos parents ? ». En s’immergeant totalement dans le kôan, le moine arrivait à percevoir l’essence de l’existence, ce que le maître nommait satori.

 

Au Japon, le zen a donné naissance à un ascétisme austère et immaculé, à l’origine des techniques de peinture et des jardins de pierres si typiques de la culture japonaise. Du Japon, le zen s’est bien évidemment propagé vers l’Amérique du nord, où il a rencontré la Beat generation des années 50 et préparé le terrain au regain d’intérêt actuel pour la méditation.

Zen ! La Méditation Poche Pour les Nuls
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