Der Zusammenhang zwischen Streuamplitude und differentiellem Wirkungsquerschnitt

Wenn man die Behandlung der Streuung in der Quantenphysik verstehen will, so ist die Streuamplitude spinloser Teilchen entscheidend. Um das zu verdeutlichen, werden im Folgenden die Flussdichten betrachtet: Jein ist die Flussdichte der einfallenden Teilchen und Jst die der gestreuten Teilchen:

ipad images

ipad images

Setzt man die Ausdrücke für φein und φst in diese Gleichungen ein, so folgt:

ipad images

ipad images

Dabei ist f(φ, θ) die Streuamplitude.

Die Anzahl der Teilchen dN(φ, θ), die in das Winkelelement dΩ gestreut werden und die Fläche dA = r2dΩ passieren, lautet als Ausdruck des Flusses:

images

Setzt man images in diese Gleichung ein, so erhält man:

images

Mit der zu Beginn des Kapitels verwendeten Gleichung images ergibt sich folgender Ausdruck:

images

Und jetzt folgt der Trick: Bei der elastischen Streuung ist k = k0, und somit erhält man als Ergebnis:

images

icon Das Problem, den differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnitt zu bestimmen, hat sich somit zur Bestimmung der Streuamplitude vereinfacht.

Quantenphysik für Dummies
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