Die Normalisierung der Wellenfunktion

Okay, Sie haben also folgende Wellenfunktion für ein Teilchen in einem unendlichen rechteckigen Potentialtopf:

images

Bei der Wellenfunktion handelt es sich um eine Sinus-Welle, die bei x = 0 und x = a den Wert 0 annimmt. Die ersten beiden Wellenfunktionen sind in Abbildung 4.3 dargestellt.

 

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Abbildung 4.3: Wellenfunktionen in einem unendlichen rechteckigen Potentialtopf

Das Normieren der Wellenfunktion erlaubt die Lösung für die unbekannte Konstante A. In einer normierten Funktion summieren sich die Wahrscheinlichkeiten |ψ(x)|2dx, ein Teilchen zwischen x und dx zu finden, zu 1, wenn man über den gesamten Potentialtopf von x = 0 bis x = a integriert:

images

Setzt man ψ(x) ein, erhält man:

images

Das Integral in dieser Gleichung ist gleich:

images

Damit ergibt sich für die obige Gleichung:

images

Somit ergibt sich für die Lösung von A:

images

Die normierte Wellenfunktion mit dem für A eingesetzten Wert lautet also:

images

Das ist die normierte Wellenfunktion für ein Teilchen in einem unendlichen rechteckigen Potentialtopf.

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