Die Energieniveaus bestimmen

Um die Energieniveaus eines Teilchens in einem Kastenpotential bestimmen zu können, benötigt man einen genauen Wert von X(x), der nicht durch die Konstanten A und B ausgedrückt ist. Man muss die Randbedingungen benutzen, um A und B zu berechnen. Wie lauten diese Randbedingungen? Die Wellenfunktion muss an den Wänden des Kastens verschwinden, also ist:

ipad X(0) = 0

ipad X(Lx) = 0

Da X(0) = 0 ist, muss B gleich 0 sein, da cos(0) = 1. Und weil X(Lx) = 0 ist, ist X(Lx) = A sin(kxLx) = 0. Da der Sinus 0 ist, wenn sein Argument ein Vielfaches von π ist, bedeutet das:

images

iamges

Und weil images gilt, folgt:

iamges

Das ist die Energie der x-Komponente der Wellenfunktion, entsprechend den Quantenzahlen 1, 2, 3 und so weiter. Die Gesamtenergie eines Teilchens der Masse m innerhalb eines Kastenpotentials ist E = Ex + Ey + Ez. Analog zu images ergeben sich für Ey und Ez folgende Ausdrücke:

iamges

iamges

Somit folgt für die Gesamtenergie E = Ex + Ey + Ez des Teilchens:

iamges

Damit haben Sie also die Gesamtenergie eines Teilchens in einem Kastenpotential berechnet.

Quantenphysik für Dummies
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