Spin 1/2-Matrizen

Es ist an der Zeit, die Spineigenzustände und -operatoren von Teilchen mit Spin 1/2 in der Matrix-Darstellung zu betrachten. Zunächst schreibt man den Eigenzustand |1/2, 1/2> in der folgenden Form:

images

Und der Eigenzustand |1/2, –1/2> wird folgendermaßen geschrieben:

images

Was ist mit dem Spinoperator S2? Dieser lautet in der Matrix-Darstellung:

images

Und das ergibt:

images

Dementsprechend lautet der Operator Sz:

images

Das ergibt:

images

Verwendet man die Matrix-Darstellung von Sz, so kann man die z-Komponente des Spins beispielsweise für den Eigenzustand |1/2, –1/2> bestimmen:

images

Schreibt man das in Matrixform um, erhält man das Produkt:

images

Führt man die Multiplikation durch, erhält man:

images

Verwandelt man dieses wieder in die Ket-Darstellung, so erhält man:

images

Was ist mit den Leiteroperatoren S+ und S? Der Operator S+ sieht folgendermaßen aus:

images

Und der Operator S lautet:

images

Damit kann man beispielsweise S+|1/2, –1/2> berechnen. Die Matrixform lautet:

images

Die Multiplikation ergibt:

images

Oder in Ket-Darstellung: images Super.

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