Der klassische harmonische Oszillator

Klassisch betrachtet kann man die Kraft, die auf einen Körper wirkt, der eine harmonische Schwingung vollzieht, wie folgt darstellen (das ist das Hook'sche Gesetz):

iamges

In dieser Gleichung ist k die Federkonstante, gemessen in Newton/Meter, und x die Auslenkung. Das Entscheidende ist hier, dass die rücktreibende Kraft auf den schwingenden Körper proportional zu seiner Auslenkung ist. Mit anderen Worten, je weiter Sie eine Feder dehnen, desto kräftiger springt sie zurück.

Da F = ma, wobei m die Masse eines Teilchens in harmonischer Bewegung und a seine momentane Beschleunigung ist, kann man F ersetzen und folgende Gleichung schreiben:

iamges

Die Gleichung für die momentane Beschleunigung lautet wie folgt, wobei x die Auslenkung und t die Zeit ist:

iamges

Setzt man dies für a ein, so kann man die Gleichung für die Kraft in der folgenden Form schreiben:

iamges

Teilt man durch die Masse des Teilchens, so erhält man:

iamges

Berücksichtigt man images (wobei ω die Kreisfrequenz ist), so folgt:

iamges

Man kann diese Gleichung für x lösen, wobei A und B Konstanten sind:

iamges

Da die Lösung Sinus- und Kosinusterme enthält, die ja periodische Wellen beschreiben, stellt sie eine Schwingung dar.

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