Hermitesche Operatoren und ihre Adjungierten

Der Operator A heißt zu A hermitesch adjungierter Operator oder auch Adjungierter oder hermitesch Konjugierter. Um den hermitesch Adjungierten zu finden, muss man folgende Schritte ausführen:

1. Man vertauscht die komplexen Konstanten mit ihren komplex konjugierten.
Die hermitesch adjungierte einer komplexen Zahl ist die komplex konjugierte dieser Zahl:
a = a*

2. Man ersetzt die Kets durch die entsprechenden Bras und die Bras durch die entsprechenden Kets.

ipad Man muss die Bras und Kets austauschen, wenn man den hermitesch Adjungierten zu einem Operator bestimmen will. Deshalb ist das Aufstellen des hermitesch Adjungierten eines Operators mathematisch nicht das gleiche wie das Bilden des komplex Konjugierten.

3. Man muss die Operatoren durch ihre hermiteschen Operatoren ersetzen.
In der Quantenmechanik heißen Operatoren, die gleich ihrem hermitesch Adjungierten sind, hermitesche Operatoren. Mit anderen Worten, ein Operator heißt hermitesch, wenn gilt:
A = A
Hermitesche Operatoren kommen überall in diesem Buch vor, und sie besitzen besondere Eigenschaften. So kann beispielsweise die Matrix eines hermiteschen Operators diagonalisiert werden. Das bedeutet, dass bei dieser Matrix die einzigen von null verschiedenen Elemente in ihrer Diagonale stehen. Außerdem ist der Erwartungswert eines hermiteschen Operators garantiert keine komplexe, sondern eine reele Zahl (siehe den früheren Abschnitt »Erwartungswerte bestimmen«).

4. Man schreibt die Gleichung hin.
images

ipad Hier folgen einige Beziehungen, die für hermitesch adjungierte Operatoren gelten:

ipad (aA) = a*A

ipad (A) = A

ipad (A + B) = A + B

ipad (AB) = BA

ipad (AB|ψ) = < ψ|BA

Quantenphysik für Dummies
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