Außerhalb des Potentialtopfes: r > a

Außerhalb des Potentialtopfes, also im Bereich r > a, verhält sich das Teilchen wie ein freies Teilchen. Somit lautet die Radialgleichung:

images

Diese Gleichung wurde bereits im Abschnitt »Freie Teilchen im Dreidimensionalen in Kugelkoordinaten« gelöst: Man setzt ρ = kr ein, wobei images ist, sodass Rnl(r) zu Rl(kr) = Rl(ρ) wird. Durch diese Substitution ergibt sich für die Radialgleichung die folgende Form:

images

Die Lösung der Gleichung ist eine Kombination aus den sphärischen Bessel- und Neumann-Funktionen, wobei Bl eine Konstante ist:

images

Die Lösung der Radialgleichung außerhalb des Potentialtopfes lautet somit wie folgt:

images

wobei images ist.

Aus dem vorangegangenen Abschnitt kennen Sie die Lösung der Wellenfunktion innerhalb des Potentialtopfes:

images

Wie bestimmt man nun die Konstanten Al und Bl? Man bestimmt sie mithilfe der Stetigkeitsbedingungen: An der Grenze zwischen innen und außen, also bei r = a, müssen sowohl die Wellenfunktion als auch ihre erste Ableitung stetig sein. Um Al und Bl zu bestimmen, muss man die beiden folgenden Gleichungen lösen:

ipad images

ipad images

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