4. Los cuatro hermanos

Problema

Cuatro hermanos tienen 45 rublos. Si el dinero del primero es aumentado en 2 rublos, el del segundo reducido en 2 rublos, se duplica el del tercero y el del cuarto se reduce a la mitad, todos los hermanos tendrán la misma cantidad de rublos. ¿Cuánto dinero tenía cada uno?

Solución

La última ecuación nos permite plantear tres ecuaciones independientes:

x + 2 = y - 2,

x + 2 = 2z

x + 2 = t/2

de donde

y = x + 4

z = (x + 2) / 2

t = 2x + 4.

Colocando estos valores en la primera ecuación, tendremos:

x + x + 4 + (x + 2)/2 + 2x + 4 = 45

de donde x = 8. A continuación hallamos que y = 12, z = 5, t = 20. Por lo tanto, los hermanos tenían: 8, 12, 5 y 20 rublos.

Álgebra recreativa
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