Species Index

A

Abies
A .alba
A .firma
A .sibirica
Acacia spp.
A .albida
A .cambagei
A .ciliata
A .detinens
A .drepanolobium
A .ehrenbergiana
A .erioloba
A .karroo
A .mellifera
A .oerfota
A .reficiens
A .tortilis s .str .
Acanthosicyos horrida
Acer
A .campestre
A .monspessulanum
A .pseudoplatanus
A .saccharum
Achillea
A .millefolium
Acinopus sabulosus
Aconitum napellus
Acorus calamus
Adansonia digitata
Adelostema sulcatum
Adenium obesum
Adenocaulon bicolor
Adenostyles alliariae
Adesmia metallica ssp .faremonti
Adonis
A .aestivalis
A .vernalis
Aegilops tauschii
Aegopodium podagraria
Aeloropus littoralis
Aeonium
Aesculus
Aethiessa floralis
Agathis australis
Agave
Agrobacterium
A .tumefaciens
Agropyron
A .junceum
A .repens
Agrostis stolonifera
Aizoon
Alchemilla
Aldrovanda
Alliaria petiolata
Allium
A .ursinum
Alnus spp.
A .glutinosa
Alocasia macrocarpa
Aloe vera
Altaea spp.
Alternaria
Amaranthus
Ambrosia dumosa
Ambrosia spp.
Ammi
A .majus
A .visnaga
Ammophila arenaria
Amyema maidenii
Anacardium occidentale
Anagallis
A .arvensis
A .foemina
Anastatica hierochuntica
Anemone
A .nemorosa
A .sylvestris
Anisotes trisulcus
Anthemis arvense
Anthoxanthum
A .alpinum
A .odoratum
Antirrhinum majus
Arabidopsis
A .halleri
A .lyrata
A .thaliana
Arabis
A .alpina
A .hirsuta
Araceae
Arachis hypogaea
Arbutus
A .andrachne
A .unedo
Archaea
Arctium
A .lappa
A .tomentosum
Arctostaphylus alpinus
Argania
A .spinosa
A .spinose
Aristida
A .sabulicola
Aristolochia arborea
Armeria maritima
Armillaria spp.
Arnoseris minima
Arrhenatherum
A .elatius
Artemisia
A .austriaca
A .herba alba
A .tridentata
Asclepias syriaca
Asphodelus spec
Astragalu spp.
A .armatus
A .danicus
A .glycophyllos
A .spinosus
Atriplex spp.
A .amnicola
A .confertifolia
A .hymenelytra
A .patula
A .rosea
Avena sativa
Azolla

B

Bacillus subtilis
Bacopa monnieri
Balanites aegyptiaca
Ballota nigra
Banksia
Bauhinia purpurea
Beilschmiedia pendula
Bellis perennis
Berberis
Betula
B .nana
B .pendula
B .pubescens
B .verrucosa
Blumeriella jaapii
Bombyx mori
Boquila trifoliolata
Borya spp.
Boscia foetida
Botrytis spp.
Brevicoryne brassicae
Brocchinia
Bromus spp.
B .erectus
B .inermis
B .rubens
B .tectorum
Bryophyllum calycinum
Buellia
Byblis

C

Cadaba
C .farinosa
C .rotundifolia
Cakile maritima
Calluna vulgaris
Caloplaca
Calycotome villosa
Cannabis sativa
Capsicum
C .chacoense
Caralluma negevensis
Carduncellus
Carex
C .firma
C .physodes
Carpinus betulus
Carya spp.
Cassia sema
Castanea
C .sativa
Castilleja pumila
Catha edulis
Cedrus
C .atlantica
C .deodora
C .libani
Centaurea maculosa
Centranthus ruber
Cephalotus
Ceratonia siliqua
Chenopodium
C .album
C .bonushenricus
C .murale
C .rubrum
Chlorella vulgaris
Chlorobium phaeobacteroides
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
Chrysomela
C .bicolor
C .hyperici
C .sanguinolenta
Cicerbita alpina
Cinchona pubescens
Cissus quadrangularis
Cistanche violacea
Citropsis
Citrullus colocynthis
Citrus limon
Cladonia
Cladosporium fulvum
Clusia
Cocus nucifera
Coffea arabica
Colletotrichum
C .lagenarium
Commiphora africana
Commiphora spp.
Convolvulus
Conyza
Cordyline rubra
Coreopsis bigelowii
Cornus
C .sericea , syn.Cornus stolonifera
Corydalis
C .cava
Corylus avellana
Cotesia marginiventris
Crataegus spp.
C .macrocarpa
Craterostigma plantagineum
Ctenopseustis obliquana
Cuscuta
C .europaea
Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Cyclocephala
Cymbalaria muralis
Cymindis setifensis
Cynanchum vincetoxicum
Cyperus

D

Dactylis
D .glomerata
Danaus plexippus
Daphne mezereum
Darlingtonia
D .californica
Dasyprocta punctata
Datura
D .wrightii
Daucus carota
Delphinium consolida
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Dendrographa minor
Dendrosenecio keniodendron
Deschampsia antarctica
Desmostachya bipinnata
Didymodon spp.
Digitalis
D .lanata
Dionaea
D .muscipula
Diplotaxis
Dipsacus sylvestris
Drosera spp.
D .erythrorhiza
D .gigantea
D .macrantha
D .stolonifera
Drosophila
Drosophyllum
Dryas octopetala

E

Ecballium elaterium
Elaeis guineensis
Elodea canadensis
Elymus
E .arenarius
E .repens
Elyna myosuroides
Empetrum
Empoasca spp.
Encelia spp.
E .californica
E .farinosa
Entemocelis rumicis
Epilobium
E .angustifolium
Equisetum
E .arvense
E .hyemale
Erica
E .arborea
E .cinerea
E .tetralix
E .trimera
Eriophorum
E .scheuchzeri
E .vaginatum
Erophila verna
Erwinia
Escherichia coli
Espeletia spp.
Eucalyptus spp.
E .marginata
E .pauciflora
Euphorbia
E .balsamifera
E .inarticulata
Eutrema salsugineum

F

Fagus
F .sylvatica
Fallopia japonica
Festuca
F .obturbans
F .ovina
Ficus
F .benghalensis
F .superba
F .sycomorus
F .virens
Filago vulgaris
Flaveria
Forsythia
Fouquieria
Fouquieria splendens
Fragaria virginiana
Frankia
Fraxinus spp.
F .excelsior
F .japonica
Frerea indica
Fumaria officinalis
Funaria hygrometrica
Fusarium
F .acuminatum
F .semitectum

G

Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici
Galeopsis tetrahit
Galium aparine
Genlisea
Geotrupes puncticollis
Geranium sanguineum
Gibberella fujikuroi
Ginkgo biloba
Globodera rostochiensis
Gonocephalum
G .prolixum
G .rusticum
Graphopterus exclamationis

H

Haematococcus pluvialis
Hakea
Haloxylon aphyllum
Hammada scoparia
Hedera helix
Heliamphora
Helianthus
H .annuus
H .tuberosus
Helichrysum
H .splendidum
Heliotropium curassavicum
Heracleum mantegazzianum
Hevea brasiliensis
Holcus lanatus
Homo
H .erectus
H .faber
H .neanderthalensis
H .sapiens
Hoplarion
H .latissimus
H .tumidum
Hordeum vulgare
Hydrangea
H .macrophylla
Hyoscyamus
H .albus
H .niger

I

Ilex aquifolium
Impatiens
I .glandulifera
I .noli-tangere
I .parviflora
Imperata cylindrica
Inhambanella henriquesii
Inula salicina
Ipomoea hederacea
Ipomopsis
I .aggregata
I .tenuituba
Iris
I .pseudacorus
I .pumila
Isatis tinctoria
Isoëtes
I .howellii

J

Jatropha
J .curcas
J .villosa
Julodis manipularis
Junglans regia
Juniperus

K

Kalanchoe
K .daigremontiana
K .pinnata
Kleinia
Knautia arvensis
Kniphofia thomsonii

L

Lactuca seriola
Lamium
L .album
L .tomentosum
Larix spp.
L .decidua
Larrea tridentata
Laserpitium latifolium
Lawsonia inermis
Ledum palustre
Lens culinaris
Leucanthemum
L .vulgare
Libanotis sibirica
Limonium vulgare
Linaria
L .alpina
L .haelava
Lipaphis erysimi
Liriodendron
Lobelia spp.
L .rhynchopetalum
Loiseleuria
L .procumbens
Lolium perenne
Lonicera
Lotus
L .corniculatus
L .japonicus
Lupinus spp.

M

Macroptilium purpureum
Macrozamia
M .communis
Magnolia
Manduca sexta
Marchantia spp.
Margaritaria nobilis
Medicago
M .lupulina
M .sativa
M .truncatula
Melampyrum nemorosum
Melastoma
Melia
Melilotus officinalis
Mercurialis
M .annua
M .perennis
Mesembryanthemum spp.
M .crystallinum
Metasequoia
Micipsa instriata
Mimosa pudica
Minuartia sedoides
Misodendron punctatum
Musa paradisiaca
Mylabris
M .baulnyi
M .brevicollis
Myricaria germanica
Myrothamnus
M .flabellifolia
M .flabelliformis
Myzus persicae

N

Nardus stricta
Nelumbo nucifera
Nepenthes spp.
Nerium oleander
Nicotiana
N .attenuata
N .benthamiana
N .glauca
N .tabacum
Nigella arvensis
Nigritella nigra agg.
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomas
Noccaea caerulescens
Nothofagus spp.
N .antarctica
N .dombeyi
N .fusca
N .menziesii
N .obliqua
Nucifraga caryocatactes
Nymphea

O

Ocotea endresiana
Oenothera biennis
Olea europaea
Onitis ion
Ontophagus taurus
Oppophyllum spp.
Opuntia
O .cactus
O .inermis
Orobanche
Oryza sativa
Oxalis
O .acetosella
O .oregano

P

Pachycereus pringlei
Pachychila lesnei
Pachyscleodes semiasperula
Panicum virgatum
Papaver
Paracelia simplex
Paris quadrifolia
Pectis papposa
Peganum harmala
Perilla frutescens var.crispa
Petunia
Phalaris
P .arundinacea
P .canariensis
Phaseolus
P .lunatus
P .vulgaris
Phleum
P .pratense
Phoenix dactylifera
Phragmites australis
Phyla nodiflora
Phyllitis spp.
Phytophthora
P .infestans
P .ramorum
Picea
P .abies
P .excelsa
P .glauca
P .mariana
P .obovata
P .obovata xexcelsa
P .schrenkiana
P .sitchensis
Pieris brassicae
Pimelia
P .boyeri
P .gibba
Pinguicula
Pinus
P .aristata
P .banksiana
P .canariense
P .cembra
P .densiflora
P .echinata
P .elliottii
P .halepensis
P .longaeva
P .luchuensis
P .palustris
P .patula
P .pinaster
P .pinea
P .ponderosa
P .radiata
P .resinosa
P .rigida
P .strobus
P .sylvestris
P .taeda
Piper
Pistacia
P .lentiscus
P .vera
Pisum sativum
Plantago
P .amplexicaulis
P .lanceolata
P .rigida
Platanus
Poa
P .alpina
P .annua
Podocarpus
P .falcatus
Polemonium viscosum
Polygala alpestris
Polygonatum odoratum
Polygonum viviparum
Polypodium vulgare
Populus
P .angustifolia
P .deltoides
P .nigra
P .tremula
Potentilla
P .pamirool
P .reptans
Pozoa volcanica
Prenia spp.
Primula
P .clusiana
P .elatior
P .viridis
P .vulgaris
Procnias tricarunculata
Proteus mirabilis
Prunus
P .armeniaca
P .dulcis
P .mahaleb
P .serotina
P .spinosa
Pseudomonas
P .aeruginosa
P .syringae
Pseudotsuga
P .menziesii
Pseudowintera colorata
Pteridium aquilinum
Puccinia
P .graminis
Pulmonaria officinalis
Pulsatilla violacea
Punica granatum
Pyrrosia spp.

Q

Quercus
Q .coccifera
Q .faginea
Q .petraea
Q .pubescens
Q .robur
Q .rotundifolia
Q .suber

R

Rafflesia
Ramalina maciformis
Ramonda myconi
Ranunculus
R .acer
R .acris
R .ficaria
R .sceleratus
Raphanus
R .raphanistrum
R .sativus
Reaumuria negevensis
Reynoutria japonica
Rhamnus cathartica
Rhinanthus
R .minor
Rhizobia
Rhododendron
R .catawbiense
R .ferrugineum
R .hirsutum
Rhytirrhinus compressipennis
Ribes
R .nigrum
Ricinus communis
Ridolfia segetum
Robinia pseudoacacia
Roridula
R .gorgonias
Rorippa sylvestris
Rosa spp.
Rubus spp.
R .chamaemorus
Rumex
R .acetosa
R .acetosella
R .alpinus
R .crispus
R .maritimus
R .obtusifolius
R .palustris
R .sceleratus
R .thyrsiflorus

S

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sagittaria
Saintpaulia ionantha
Salicornia
S .europaea
Salix
S .herbacea
Salsola kali
Salvadora persica
Sambucus
S .ebulus
S .nigra
Sanguisorba minor
Saponaria ocymoides
Sarothamnus scoparius
Sarracenia
Saxifraga
S .oppositifolia
Scarabaeus
S .laticollis
S .puncticollis
S .variolosus
Scaurus
S .dubius
S .tristis
Scilla bifolia
Scleranthus annuus
Scolymus
S .grandiflorum
S .hispanicus
Secale
Senecio spp.
S .glaucus
S .keniodendron
Septoria lycopersici
Sequoia
S .gigantea
S .sempervirens
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sesamum indicum
Sesleria coerulea
Silene
S .acaulis
S .villosa
S .vulgaris
Sinapis arvensis
Solanum
S .commersonii
S .eleagnifolium
S .nigrum
S .tuberosum
Solidago
S .canadensis
S .virgaurea
Sorbus torminalis
Sorghum
S .bicolor
S .sudanense
Spartina
S .anglica
S .patens
Spergula
S .arvensis
S .vernalis
Spodoptera exigua
Sporobulus spicatus
Stachys arvense
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Stellaria decumbens
Stipa
S .capillata
S .grandis
S .lessingiana
S .lessingiana Steppe
S .pennata
S. tenacissima
Stipa spp.
Stipagrostis
S .capensis
S .pungens
Stratiotes aloides
Striga
S .hermonthica
Stylidia
Stylosanthes
S .hamata
Styrax
Suaeda
S .fruticosa
S .maritima

T

Tamarix nilotica
Tanacetum corymbosum
Taraxacum officinale
Taxodium
Teesdalia
T .nudicaulis
Teloschistes
Tetranychus urticae
Tetrao urogallus
Thalictrum minus
Thellungiella
T .halophila
T .salsuginea
Thinopyrum ponticum ,syn .Agropyron elongatum
Tidestromia oblongifolia
Tilia spp.
T .cordata
Timarcha latipes
Tradescantia spp.
Tribulus terrestris
Trichocereus spp.
Trichoplusia ni
Tridestromia oblongifolia
Trifolium
T .arvense
T .hybridum
T .pratense
T .repens
T .stellatum
T .subterraneum
Triphyophyllum
Tristerix aphyllu
Triticale
Triticum spp.
T .aestivum
T .monococcum
T .turgidum ssp.durum
Trox barbarus
Tulipa sylvestris
Typha latifolia

U

Ulmus
Urtica
U .dioica
U .urens
Ustilago maydis
Utricularia spp.

V

Vaccinium
V .myrtillus
Veronica persica
Viburnum opulus
Vicia faba
Vigna
V .luteola
V .unguiculata
Viola
V .calaminaria
V .hirta
Vitis

W

Welwitschia mirabilis
Withania somnifera

X

Xanthium spinosum
Xanthomonas
X .campestris
X .pruni
Xanthorrhoea
Xerophyta humilis

Z

Zea mays
Ziziphus spp.
Zophosis ghilianii
Zostera marina
Zygophyllum dumosum

Subject Index

A

ABA
SeeAbscisic acid (ABA)
ABA-triggered stomatal closure
ABC-type transporters
Abiotic conditions
Abscisic acid (ABA)
receptor PYR
signalling
signalling module
synthesis
Absolute humidity
Absorbance
Acclimations
of growth
Acclimative response
Achory
Acidic soils
Acidification
of soil water
Acid rain
Acquired thermotolerance
Acrotony
Action potential
Activation
of the bZIP28 transcription factor
energy
Active growth modulation
Actual evapotranspiration
Adaptation
to boron toxicity
to extreme environments
to the UV-B
Adaptive capacity
Adhesion
Adjustment time
Adventitious roots
A/E ratio
Aerenchyma
Aerosols
Afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (ARD)
Ageing
Agriculture
and silviculture
Agriophytes
Agroforestry
Aichi targets
Airborne signaling
Air pollutants
Air pollution
Albedo
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alien plant species
Alkaloids
Allelochemicals
Allelopathy
Alleröd period
Allocation
of growth
Allochory
Allogenic Succession
Allometric relationships
Allopatric differentiation
Altitudinal gradient
Aluminium
accumulators
exclusion
mobility
sequestration of
stress
toxicity
Ambient CO 2 concentration
Amino acids
Amino acid uptake
Ammonification
Ammonium (NH 4+ )
nitrate
uptake
Amphitony
Anaerobiosis
Analytical
Anemochory
Anisohydric
Annual
species
Anoxia
Antarctic
Antenna growth
Anthropocene
Anthropochors
Anthropochory
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs)
Anti-nucleating proteins (ANPs)
Antioxidants
Anti-oxidative defences
Antiport
Apoplast
Apoplastic path
Aquaglyceroporins
Aquaporins
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Arbuscules
Archaeophytes
Arcto-alpine species
Arcto-tertiary flora
Area alone hypothesis
Areal types/area types
Arid conditions
Arms race
Arsenate (AsV)
Arsenite (AsIII)
Ash
Assembly rules
Assimilation
average rate of CO 2
diffusion-limited CO 2
humidity response of CO 2
light response of CO 2
maximum rate of CO 2
Associational resistance
Associational susceptibility
Asteroid impacts
Atelochory
Atlantic period
Atmospheric boundary layer
Atmospheric cooling
Attenuation
Australis
Autecological optimum
Auto-and heterotrophic soil respiration
Autochory
Autogenic Succession
Autotrophic respiration
Autotrophic soil respiration
Autotrophic Succession
Autumn anthocyanin
Auxin
Avirulence genes
Avoidance
Avoidance mechanisms
Avoidance strategy

B

Bacteroids
Balancing selection
Balloon fliers
Basal tolerance
Base saturation
Basitonic
Beaver meadow
Beneficial elements
Biennials
Big ecology
Big leaf models
Biochar
Biocoenosis
Biodiversity
α-diversity
β-diversity
γ-diversity
Bray-Curtis dissimilarity
compositional diversity
dark diversity
definition
diversity of interactions
ecological diversity
energy-diversity hypothesis
evenness
experiments
functional divergence
functional diversity
functional evenness
functional richness
genetic diversity
global distribution
hotspots
humped-back model
Jaccard similarity coefficient
landscape diversity
latitudinal gradient
loss
organismic diversity
paradox of enrichment
phylogenetic diversity
phytodiversity
random draw diversity loss
Shannon and Weaver diversity index
Simpson diversity index
Sørensen-Dice similarity coefficient
species composition
species richness
structural diversity
Bioeconomy
Bioenergy
Bioerosion
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)
Biogenic weathering
Biogeochemical cycles
Biogeochemistry
Biogeography
Bioindicators
Biological clock
Biological markets
Biological N 2 fixation
Biological pest control
Biomass
Biome
Biomonitoring
Biophysical ecology
Biopiracy
Biosphere
Biosphere
Biospheric-atmospheric gas exchange
Biotope connectivity
Biotope fragments
Biotope-space hypothesis
Biotrophic pathogens
Bioturbation
Black carbon
Blastochory
Blue grass meadows
Boron toxicity
Boundaries
Boundary layer conductance
Boundary layer resistance
Bowen ratio
Breakdown
Browsing
Budyko concept
Bud scales
Buffering capacity
Buffer zones
Bulk precipitation
Bundle sheath cells

C

Ca
SeeCalcium (Ca)
Calcicoles
Calcifuges
Calcium (Ca)
Ca 2+ channels
Ca 2+ sensors
Ca 2+ signals
Ca 2+ signature
cytosolic Ca 2 +
cytosolic free Ca 2 +
deficiency
excess
oscillations
oxalate
signatures
transient Ca 2+ influx
Calvin cycle
CAM
SeeCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
Canopy
conductance
packing
Capensis
Capillarity
Capillary forces
Capillary water
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrates
Carbon
balance
cycle
equilibrium
sequestration
sink
terrestrial carbon sink
trading
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
assimilation
assimilation to water
atmospheric
budge
concentrating mechanism
concentrations
diffusion
emissions
fixation
Carboxylase activity
Carboxylation
Cardinal points of temperature tolerance
Carnivorous
plants
Carnivory
Carotenoids
Carousel dynamics
Cartagena protocol on biosafety
Casparian band
Catchment
Cation exchange capacity (CEC)
Cations
diffusion facilitator
Cavitation
CBF regulon
CBF transcription factors
C 3 –C 4 intermediate species
C 4 cycle optimisation
Cell autonomy
Cell cycle
activity
Cell differentiation
Cell division rate
Cell elongation
Cell expansion rate
Cellular scale
Cellular water homeostasis
Cell wall
dynamics
Cell water
potential
Central dilemma of plants
Centres of diversity
Channels
aluminium-activated malate-secreting anion channel
anion
inward-rectifying
ligand-gated
mechanosensitive
outward-rectifying
voltage-gated
CH 4
SeeMethane
Chaos theory
Charcoal
Chemical chaperones
Chemical composition of air
Chemotypes
Chilling damage
Chilling stress
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Chlorophyll
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll a/b ratio
chlorophyll a fluorescence
chlorophyll b
fluorescence
Chlorosomes
Chorology
Chronosequences
Circadian rhythm
Clay minerals
Clear-felling
Climate
change
sensitivity
Climax community
Closed vascular bundles
CO 2
See Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
Coastal deserts
Coevolution
Coexistence
Cohesion–tension theory
Cohort dynamics
Cold acclimation
Cold hardening
Cold-responsive proteins (COR)
Cold shock domain proteins (CSPs)
Colonisation
Colonisation hypothesis
Commensalism
Common garden
Common sym pathway
Community assembly
Comparative studies
Compatible interaction
Compatible solutes
Compensation point
Compensatory dynamics
Competition
competition-colonisation trade-off
contest
diffuse
experiments
interspecific
intraspecific
neutral mechanisms of
relative non-linearity of
scramble
Competitor Strategist
Complementarity
Complexity
Composite water transport model
Composition of species
Conifers
Constituent water
Constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1)
Continentality
Continental shift
Continuum concept
Contracted vegetation
Control
Coppice system
COP1 protein
Coprochory
CO 2 pumping
Copy number variation
Core JA module
COR genes
Cosmopolitan species
Cost–benefit analysis
Coupling
C 3 photosynthesis
C 4 photosynthesis
advantages and limitations of
C 3 plants
geographic distribution of
C 4 plants
geographic distribution of
C 3 to C 4 vegetation
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
cycling
idling
induction
plants
C-Repeat (CRT)
Critical load concept
Crop
Croplands
Crop rotation
improved three-field
Cross-protection
Cryoprotectant
Cryptochromes
C-S-R concept
Cultivation
Cumulative emissions
Cyanobacteria
Cyanogenic glucosides
Cyclic regeneration scheme
Cyclic vegetation dynamics
Cycling rates
Cytokinins
Cytorrhysis

D

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
Darcy’s law
Dark respiration
Darwin
δ 13 C value
Decay
models
Deciduous
species
temperate forests
trees
Decomposition
De-energisation
Deepwater rice
Defence
hormone jasmonate
priming
Deforestation
Degradation
De-hardening process
Dehydration
Dehydration responsive element (DRE)
Dehydrin-like proteins
Dehydrins
DELLA proteins
δ 13 C value
Denitrification
Density
Density-dependent effects
Depolarisation
Desaturases
Desaturation index
Desertification
Desert varnish
Desiccation
tolerance
Deterministic models
Deuterium
Dew point
Diffuse coevolution
Diffuse porous wood
Diffusion barrier
Diffusion coefficient of CO 2
Diffusion coefficient of oxygen
Dimethyl sulphide (DMS)
Dipole nature
Direct oxygen-sensing mechanism
Diseases
Disjunct areas
Disjunctions
Dispersal
allochoric
directed dispersal hypothesis
distances
long-distance
non-random seed
primary
propagule
secondary
seed
strategies
vectors
Dissimilarity
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
Disturbances
sudden
Diurnal rhythms
Diurnal temperature cycle
Diversitas
DNA damage
Dominance
Dormancy
endogenous
exogenous
physical
physiological
seed
Dose–response curves
Downregulation of photosynthesis
D1 protein
DRE-Binding proteins (DREB)
Drivers
Drones
Drought
conditions
Dry habitats
Dunes
remobilisation of
Dune systems
Duration
Dust
storms
Dynamical systems
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM)

E

Earth summit
Earth system dynamics
Earth system models
Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP)
Ebullition
Ecograms
Ecohydrology
Ecological drift
Ecological equilibrium
Ecological fitting
Ecological instability
Ecological lability
Ecological stability
Ecological vicariance
Ecology
Ecosystem
engineers
experiments
function/functioning
genetics
health
process
property
respiration
restoration
services
water-use efficiency
Ecosystem–atmosphere exchange
Ecotones
Ecotypes
Ectomycorrhizae (EM)
Ectothermic insects
Edaphon
Eddy covariance (EC) method
Edge zones
Effectors
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI)
Effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS)
Eigenvalues
Elaiosomes
Elasticity
Electrical signalling
Elemental defence
Element concentration(s)
Element content
Elevated CO 2
Elicitors
Embedded carbon
Embolism
Emergent properties
Emission window
Empirical
Endemic species
Endemism
Endodermis
Endolithic lichens
Endomycorrhiza
Endophytes
Endozoochory
Energy
budget
charge
crisis
metabolism
Energy balance
of a leaf
Energy-saving mode
ENSO cycle
Environmental co-variables
Environmental cues
Environmental factors
Environmental fluctuation
Environmental heterogeneity
Eophytic
Ephemerophytes
Epidermal water status
Epigenetic changes
Epigenetic marks
Epigenetics
Epinasty
Epiphytes
Epiphytic orchids
Epitonic
Epizoochory
Equilibrium
Ericoid mycorrhiza
Escape
hypothesis
strategy
Ethanol
fermentation
Ethological isolation
Ethylene
receptors
signalling
Ethylene response factors (ERFs)
Etiolation
Euchromatin
Eutrophication
Evaporation
imposed
potential
surface
Evaporative enrichment
Evapotranspiration
Evenness
Evergreen
plants
species
Evolution
of
diversification
Evolutionary independence
Exchangeable water
Exodermis
Expansins
Experimental design
Experiments
External coincidence model
Extinction
rates
Extracellular freezing
Extrafloral nectar
Extremophile species

F

Fabaceae–rhizobia symbiosis
FACE experiments
Facilitation
model
Facultative/beneficial elements
Farming
Farquhar model
Fatty acids
Feedback
regulation
Feed-forward
regulation
Fermentative metabolism
Fermentative pathways
Fermentative reactions
Ferric reductases
Fertile crescent
Fertilisation
Fertilizers
Fick’s first law of diffusion
Field capacity
Filter
biotic
environmental
physiological
Fine roots
Fire(s)
Fire-wood
Fitness gain
Flavonoids
Flooding tolerance
Floral constancy
Floral morphology
Floral provinces
Floral regions
Florigen
Floristic elements
Flowering desert
Flowering induction
Flowering Locus C (FLC)
Fluctuations
Fluxnet
Fog
Fog desert
Food web
Forcing
Forest
canopies
damage
decline
die-off
gap model
Forestry
Forward genetics
Fossil fuel burning
Fossil fuel substitution
Foundation species
Framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC)
Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE)
Freeze dehydration
Freeze desiccation
Freezing
avoidance
curves
exotherm
point depression
stress
tolerance
Freshwater
Frost
hardening
Frostwechsel climate
Functional groups
Functional mosaic model
Functional trade-offs
Functional unit
Functioning
Fungal mycorrhiza
Fungi
Funnel oasis
Future Earth

G

Gametophytes
Gap
Gap models
Garrigues
Gas exchange
Gatekeeper cells
Gene copy number
Gene duplications
Gene-for-gene concept
Gene-for-gene hypothesis
Gene-for-gene interaction
General dynamic model (GDM)
Generalist herbivores
Generative propagules
Gene silencing
Genetic centre
Genetic centres of crop
Genetic diversity
Genetic drift
Genome-wide transcriptome analyses
Geo-elements
Geographical vicariance
Geophytes
Germination
seed
stimulants
Gibberellic acid (GA)
Global brightening
Global change
Global dimming
Global warming
Global warming potential (GWP)
Glomeromycota
Glucosinolate biosynthesis
Glucosinolates
Glycolysis
Glycophyte
Gondwana
Grain yield
Grasses
Grasslands
Grazing
Grazing/mowing
Green fluorescent protein
Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
Green revolution
Green shade
Green-slime approach
Grid cells
Grid sizes
Gross primary production (GPP)
Growing season length
Growth
acclimation
rate
reduction
respiration
GS-ELONG locus
Guard cells
Guard hypothesis
Gypsum

H

Haber–Bosch process
Habitat
diversity
diversity hypothesis
fragment corridors
mosaic
Hagen–Poiseuille law
Halocarbons
Halophytes
Haloseries
Harvest
index
H + -ATPases
Haustoria formation
Hawaii
Heartwood
Heat conductivity
Heat damage
Heat hardening
Heat shock
elements (HSEs)
factors
proteins (HSPs)
transcription factors (HSFs)
Heat storage
Heat stress granula (HSGs)
Heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs)
Heatwave
Heavy metal ATPases (HMAs)
Helophytes
Hemibiotrophic pathogens
Hemi-parasites
Hemi-parasitism
Herbaceous plant(s)
Herbicides
Herbivores
defences
resistance
Herbivory
above-ground
below-ground
Herbivory associated molecular patterns (HAMPs)
Herkogamy
Herpochory
Heterochromatin
Heterogeneity
Heterogeneous nucleation
Heterospory
Heterotrophic respiration
Heterotrophic soil respiration
Heterotrophic Succession
Hidden treatments
High-affinity K + transporter (HKT)
High-affinity systems
High investment model
High-light stress
Histone H2A.Z
Historical filter
Historic emissions
H + /Na + antiporter SOS1
Holarctic
Holistic approach
Holoparasites
Homeostasis
Homogeneous ice nucleation
Homogeneous nucleation
Homoiohydric plants
Homoiohydry
Hormonal control
Hormonal network
Hormone balance concept
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES)
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF)
Human activities
Human appropriation
Human population
Humic substances
Hurricane
HY5
Hydration water
Hydraulic conductance
Hydraulic conductivity
Hydraulic failure
Hydraulic lift
Hydraulic redistribution
Hydraulic signal
Hydrochory
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrological balance
Hydroponic cultivation
Hydroseries
Hydrostatic pressures and tensions
Hydroxides
Hyperaccumulation
Hyperpolarisation
Hypersensitivity
hypersensitive reaction
hypersensitive response
Hypertolerance
Hyponastic growth
Hypothesis
Hypothetical plant species
Hypotony
Hypoxia

I

Ice nucleation–active bacteria
Ice nucleation proteins (INPs)
ICP Forests
Immigration
Immune system
Immunisation
Incident radiation
Indicator
plants
species
values
Individual scale
Induced systemic resistance
Industrial N 2 fixation
Infiltration
Inhibition model
Innate immunity
Insect elicitors
Insectivorous
Insect vectors
Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)
Interactions
Interaction strength
Intercepted water
Interception
Interdisciplinary
Interglacial vegetation
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
International Biological Program (IBP)
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP)
International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP)
International Long-term Ecological Research network (ILTER)
Intracellular ice formation
Inundation with water
Invasive species
Inventories
Inverse hydraulic lift
Ion exchangers
Ion uptake
Iron (Fe)
acquisition
deficiency
strategy
strategy
Irrigation
Isohydric
Isolations
Iso-pollen maps
Isoprene
Isoprenoids
Isotope
carbon isotope flux rate
labelling
value
Isotopic disequilibrium

J

JA
SeeJasmonic acid (JA)
Janzen-Connell effect
Jasmonate receptor COI1
Jasmonic acid (JA)
biosynthesis
JA–isoleucine (JA-Ile)
JA-Ile receptor COI1
Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment
JAZ repressors
Juvenile anthocyanin

K

Karrikins
Keystone species
Kranz anatomy
K-strategy
Kyoto protocol

L

Lactate
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate fermentation
LAI
SeeLeaf area index (LAI)
Lake Chad
Lambert–Beer law
Land–atmosphere coupling
Land cover (LC)
Land management
Landscape ecology
Landscape mosaic
Landscape scale
Land use (LU)
extensive
intensive
Land use and land-use change (LULUC)
Land use change
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins
Late glacial period
Latent CAM
Latent heat flux
Lateral root growth
Laurasia
Law of conservation of energy
Law of the minimum
LD 50
Leaching
Leaf
ageing
angle
area
conductance
development
drip
economic spectrum
inclination
mass per area
morphology
orientation
resistance
size
surface
temperature
transpiration
water potential
Leaf area index (LAI)
LEA proteins
Legacy effects
Leghemoglobins
Legitimate pollinators
Leopard skin
Lianas
Lichens
LiDAR
Life cycles
Life form
Life history
Life span
Light
competition
extinction
light-harvesting complex
light response of CO 2 assimilation
stress
Lignin
Lipids
Litter
decomposition
quality
Local
adaptation
response
Long-distance signalling
Longevity
Low-affinity
systems
Low-input high-diversity system
Low investment model
Low-oxygen escape syndrome (LOES)
Low-oxygen quiescence syndrome (LOQS)
Low temperature responsive element (LTRE)
Lutein
Lysigeny
Lysimeters

M

Macchie
Macro-and micronutrients
Macro-ecology
Macroelements
Macro-scale
Magnesium (Mg)
deficiency
excess
Maintenance centre
Maintenance respiration
Mammals
Management
Man and the Biosphere program
Manganese (Mn)
deficiency
tolerance
Manipulation
Man-made deserts
Map-based cloning
MAP kinase cascades
MAP kinase phosphorylation cascade
Marker-assisted breeding
Mass balance
Mass ratio hypothesis
Masting
MATE
Maternal effects
Mathematical models
Matorral
Matrices
Matrix potential (ψ m )
Mauna Loa
Mean life span
Mean residence time (MRT)
Measurements
Measurement techniques
Measurement uncertainty
Mehler reaction
Membrane potential
Memory
Mercury
Mesophiles
Mesophytic
Metabolic diversity
Metabolic imbalances
Metallochaperones
Metallophytes
Metal pollution
Metapopulation
concept
Methane (CH 4 )
emission
Methanol
Methanotrophs
Methylation of DNA
Michaelis–Menten
Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)
Microclimate
Microelements
Micrometeorology
Midday depression
Migration
of the continents
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Mimicry
in plants
Mineral availability
Mineralisation
Minerals
Mistletoes
Mitochondrial respiration
Mixed cropping, mulching
Model
dimension
evaluation
systems
Modeling
scales
simple fixed ratios
Modifications
Monitoring
Monoclimax
Monopodial
Morphological adaptations
Morphology
Mortality
of seeds
Mosaic-cycle concept
Mountain pine beetle
MTP family
Multifunctionality
Multiple cropping
Mutualism
Myc factors
Myco-heterotrophic plants
Mycorrhiza/ae
mycorrhizal connections
mycorrhizal fungi
mycorrhizal interface
mycorrhizal symbiosis
Myrmecochory

N

N 2 O
SeeNitrous oxide
NAD-ME, NADP-ME and PCK type
NADPH oxidases
Nagoya protocol
Na + /H + antiporters
National forest inventory
Nature conservation
NDVI
Nebket
Necromass
Necrotrophic pathogens
Neighbours
Nematodes
Neo-endemic
Neo-functionalisation
Neophytes
Neotropics
Nernst potential
Net biodiversity effect (NE)
Net biome production (NBP)
Net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE)
Net ecosystem production (NEP)
Net greenhouse gas balance (NGB)
Net photosynthesis
Net primary production (NPP)
Net radiation
Neutralism
New forest management
NHX
antiporters
Niche
differentiation
fundamental
niche breadth
realised
Nitrate (NO 3 )
leaching
perception
respiration
sensor
uptake
Nitrogen (N)
above-ground N uptake
additions
atmospheric N deposition
deficiency
deposition
excess
fixation
global nitrogen cycle
leaching
mineralisation
nitrification
N 2 fixation
nitrogen-use efficiency
nutrition
requirement
saturation
uptake
Nitrogenase
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)
Nod factors
Nodules
Non-adapted pathogens
Non-host resistance
Non-linear systems
Non-native species
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)
Normoxia
Novel ecosystems
NO x formation
NPQ
NRT1/CHL1
Nucleation
Nurse plants
Nutrient
availability
concentrations of
deficiency
input of
poor habitats
response of CO2 assimilation
scarcity
transport
uptake
use of
Nutritional rewards

O

Objective
Obligate parasites
Observations
Oceanic islands
Oceanity
Ohm’s law
Oomycetes
Open systems
Open top chambers (OTCs)
Open vascular bundles
Opportunistic
Optical nectar guides
Optimisation principle
Orchid mycorrhiza
Orchids
Organic litter
Original (natural) vegetation
Ornithochory
Osmolytes
Osmometer
Osmoprotection
Osmosensors
Osmosis
Osmotic adjustment
Osmotic potential (ψ s )
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic stress
Over-and understorey
Over-exploitation
Overyielding
Oxidative burst
Oxidative stress
Oxides
Oxygen
low
Oxygenase activity
Oxygenation
Oxygen concentration
Ozone

P

P680
P700
Palaeoendemic areas
Palaeophytic
Palaeotropics
Palaeo-vegetation
Paleo-endemic
PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)
Pangaea
Parachutes
Paramo community
Parasitic plants
Parasitism
Parasitoides
Paris agreement
Park Grass experiment
Partial pressure
Partitioning
Pasteur effect
Patch
dynamics
Patchiness
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
Pathogen effectors
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins)
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
Penman-Monteith equation
PEP carboxylase
PEP carboxylase activity
Perennial
Perennial herbaceous plants
Periarbuscular membrane
Periarbuscular space
Permanent plots
Permanent wilting point (PWP)
Persistence
Pests
Phenolic compounds
Phenology
phenological maps
phenological spectra
phenophases
Phenotypic plasticity
Phenylpropanes
Phloemfeeding insects
Phloem water transport
Phosphate uptake
Phosphorus (P)
cycle
deficiency
Photoactivation
Photoconversion
Photodestruction
Photoinhibition
Photomorphogenesis
Photo-oxidation
Photoperiodism
Photoreceptors
Photorespiration
Photosynthesis
model
net photosynthesis
photosynthates
photosynthetic apparatus
photosynthetic capacity
photosynthetic quantum efficiency
Photosystem
PS
PS
Phototropic reaction
Phototropins
Phototropism
Phrygana
Pht
family
Pht1 family
Pht1 family transporters
Phycobiliproteins
Phycobilisomes
Phylogeny
Phytate
Phytoalexins
Phytoanticipins
Phytochelatin (PC) pathway
Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs)
Phytochromes
Phytoextraction
Phytohormones
auxin and cytokinin
gibberellin
jasmonate
Phytomers
Phytometer
Phytomining
Phytopathogenic bacteria
Phytopathology
Phytoplankton
Phytoplasma
Phytoremediation
Phytosiderophores
Phytostabilisation
Pigments
Pipe model
Plant-animal communication
Plantations
Plant functional group
Plant functional types
Plant kingdoms
Plant-plant-interactions
Plant-soil feedback
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs)
Plasmolysis
Plasticity
of root growth
Plate tectonics
Podsolization
Poikilohydric
plants
Pollen analysis
Pollen transfer
Pollination
system
Pollinators
Polychory
Polycormones
Polycormophyte Succession
Polyols
Polyphyletic origin
Poly-ubiquitination
Population density
Population structure
Porometer
Portfolio effect
Potassium (K)
cycling of
deficiency
excess
Potential natural vegetation
Potential vegetation
Pre-adaptation
Precipitation
distribution of
Predawn water potential
Preferential flow
Preformed chemical defence
Premating isolation
Pressure potential ψ p
see also Turgor
Priestley-Taylor coefficient
Primary active transport
Priming
Pristine forest
Productivity
Productivity–diversity relationship
Programmed cell death (PCD)
Protected areas
Protected regions
Protein
denaturation
misfolding
stability
Proton gradient
Proton motive force
Proton pumps
PR proteins
Pseudocyclic photosynthetic electron flow
Pseudo-metallophytes
Psychrophiles
P-type H + -ATPases
Pyrophytes
Pyruvate decarboxylase

Q

Q10
Qualitative stability
Quantitative trait locus (QTL)
Quantum efficiency
Quaternary climate variations
Quiescence
Quorum-sensing

R

R∗
RADAR
Radiation
absorption
budget
reflection
window
Radiative forcing
Radiocarbon
dating
Rain-fed agriculture
Random placement, minimum area effects
Range shifts
Raoult’s law
Rapaport’s rule
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
homeostasis
production
scavenging
scavenging enzymes
Recalcitrance
Receptor-like kinases
Reciprocal transplant
Redox balancing
Red to far-red ratios
Redundancy
Reflectance
Refuges
Regeneration gap
Regional mosaic
Relative growth rate (RGR)
Relative humidity
Relative yield
Relict-endemic
Relict theory
Remote sensing
active
passive
Removal experiments
Repair mechanisms
Replicates
Reporter protein
Representative concentration pathways (RCPs)
Reproduction
Resampling
Rescue effect
Research question
Residence time
Resilience
Resistance
Resistance genes (R genes)
Resource
availability
heterogeneity
use partitioning
Respiration
Response function
Response time
Resurrection plants
Retention forestry
Reverse genetics
R genes
Rhizobia
Rhizodeposition
Rhizosphere
ecology
microbiome
Ring porous wood
Riparian vegetation
River discharge
Rivet hypothesis
r-K-strategies
RNA viruses
Robustness
Rocks
Roofs
Root(s)
architecture
architecture responses
cortex
exudates
parasites
pressure
respiration
rooting depth
root system architecture
signal
ROS
SeeReactive oxygen species (ROS)
Rosette plant
Roughness
r-strategy
RubisCO
activity
limiting rate of CO 2 assimilation
RuBP-supply
Ruderal Strategist
Runge-Kutta method
Run-off

S

Safe site
Sahelian vegetation
Salicylic acid
Salinisation of soils
Salt bladders
Salt damage
Salt glands
Sample surveys
Sampling effect
Saponins
Sapwood
area
Satellite observations
Saturated soils
Saturation function
Saturation vapour pressure
Savannas
Schizogeny
Science–policy interface
Sclerophytes
Sea spray
Secondary active transport
Secondary compounds
Secondary hypoxia
Secondary metabolites
Secondary stresses
Second messengers
Sedimentary deposits
Seed bank
Seedling establishment
Seed pool
Segetal flora
Selection
positive
Selection effect (SE)
Selective cutting
Selective sweep
Self-heating flowers
Self-thinning
Semi-evergreen
Senescence
Sensible heat
flux
Sensing
Sensor proteins
Shade avoidance
reaction
response
Shading
Shelter-wood felling
Shifting cultivation
Shifting Mosaic Steady-State
Short-lived opportunists
Shrubland
Signal
integration
transduction
Silicates
Simulations
Singlet oxygen
Sink
activity
leaves
Skotomorphogenesis
Slash and burn
Slow continuous forcing
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs)
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
Small island effect
Snowmelt
Sodium (Na)
Na + translocation
Soil
acidification
aggregates
compaction
degradation
erosion
evaporation
fertility
impedance
moisture
organic matter
profile
respiration
salinity
temperature
texture
unsaturated
water
water conductivity
water content
water status
Soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC)
Solar constant
Solar irradiance
Solar radiation
Solling Project
SOS1
Sources and sinks
Space-for-time substitution
Spatial ecology
Spatial scales
Spatial variability
Specialisation
Specialist herbivores
Species
identity
range or area
richness
species-area relationship (SAR)
turnover
Specific leaf area (SLA)
Specific root length
Spectral absorption
Spectral distribution
Spring advancement
Spring events
Stabilisation
Stability
resilience
resistance
Stable isotopes
Starch
mobilisation of
reserves
State transition
State variables
Static
Statistics
Steady-state
Stefan-Boltzman law
Stele
Stemflow
Stem parasites
Stem structure
Stepping stones
Sterols
Stilbenes
Stochastic models
Stocks
Stoichiometric
Stomata
aperture(s)
conductance
control
density
movement
pore
regulation
response to humidity
transpiration
Storage
of carbohydrates and nitrogen
organ
products
Storage effect
Strain
Strategic triangle
Strategy
plant
Stratification
Stress
avoidance
dose rule
factors
hypothesis
markers
physical stress concept
resistance
responses
tolerance
Stress-gradient hypothesis
Strigolactone receptors
Strigolactones
Submergence
Substitute communities
Succession
dynamics
pathways
primary
regressive
secondary
Succulence
Sulphur (S)
dioxide (SO 2 )
global cycle
SO 2 damage
sulphate respiration
transport of
uptake
Summer rain
Sunflecks
Sun-Induced Fluorescence (SIF)
Superactivator complex
Supercooling
Surveillance system
Survival of seeds
Survival through dieback
Susceptibility
Sustainability
Sustainable use
Symbiosis
Symbiosome
Symbiotic associations
Symplast
Symplastic passage
Symplastic path
Sympodial
Symport
Synanthropic species
Synecological optimum
Synthetic assemblage experiments
Systemic acquired acclimation
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
Systemic response
Systemic ROS wave
Systemic signalling
Systemic wound response
Systemin
Systems approach
Systems science

T

Tannins
Taxonomy
Temperate deciduous forest
Temperature
dependence
extremes
limits
ranges
response of CO 2 assimilation
sensitivity
Temporal scale
Temporary propagule banks
Termite
Terpenoids
Terra Preta
Tertiary disjunctions
Texture
Theory of Island Biogeography
Thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs)
Thermal radiation
Thermogenesis
Thermomorphogenesis
Thermophiles
Thermotolerance
Throughfall
Time-series
Tolerance
model
Tomillares
Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs)
Toxins
Trace gas
Tracer
Trade
Trade-off
Trait
community-weighted mean
effect trait
functional trait
plant traits
response trait
trait syndrome
Transcellular
Transceptor
Transcriptional regulation
Transcription factors
HY5
ICE1
PIF4
Transect
Transfer DNA (T-DNA)
Trans-generational stress memory
Transgenic approaches
Transgenic plants
Transient dynamics of vegetation
Transient effects
Transit time
distribution
Transmission cells
Transpiration
maximum rate of
transpirational cooling
Transplant experiments
Transposons
Treatments
Tree cover
Treefall gaps
Treeline
Tree mortality
Tree rings
Tree structures
Trembling
Trichoblasts
Triphenyl-tetrazolium test
Triple response
Triplet state
Tropical high alpine flora
Turgor
loss point
pressure
Turnover times
Twin approach
Two-pool ecosystem model
Type III secretion system

U

Ultraviolet (UV) light
exposure
filters
UV-A
UV-B
photoreceptor
radiation
stress
UV-C
UVR8
UVR8–COP1 signalling pathway
Uncertainty
Unfolded protein response (UPR)
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Unrewarding flowers
Unsaturated fatty acids
Urban ecology
Urban settlements
UV
SeeUltraviolet (UV) light

V

Vacuolar storage
Vapour pressure deficit (VPD)
Vectors
for propagules
Vegetation
distribution
clumped
geographical
random
realized range
regular
species abundance distributions
dynamics
formations
indices
zonation
Vegetative growth
Vegetative propagules
Vernalisation
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAMs)
Vessel(s)
diameter
radius
Vicariad
Vicarious areas
Violaxanthin deepoxidase
Virulent
Viruses
Vitrification
Volatiles
VPD
Vulnerability

W

Walter's law of the relative constancy of habitats
Water
activity
balance
budget
concentration
cycle
flow
influx
parasitism
potential
quality
source
storage
transport
uptake
use
use efficiency
Waterlogging
Watershed
Water vapour
plant water uptake
pressure
saturation deficit
Weathering
Wet bulb temperature
Wetlands
Whole-ecosystem
Whole-tree chambers (WTCs)
Wind
protective wind barriers
wind shear
Wood
extraction
production
woody debris
Woody plants
World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
Wounding response

X

Xanthophyll cycle
Xeroseries
Xerotherm relicts
Xylem
area
flux
sap
structure
water transport

Y

Yellowstone National Park (YNP)
Yield
agricultural grain yields

Z

Zeaxanthin
epoxidase
Zonation
Zoochory