Illustrations

ill.1 Aerial view of the Temple Mount (Albatross/Topfoto)

ill.2 Tel Dan stele, c. 850 BC (Zev Radovan)

ill.3 Ivory pomegranate, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.4 Section of Hezekiah’s wall (AKG)

ill.5 The Siloam inscription, c. 700 BC, Istanbul Archaeological Museum (AKG)

ill.6 Detail of relief from the palace of Sennacherib in Nineveh (AKG)

ill.7 Detail of relief from the Treasury of the Palace of Persepolis (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.7 Coin discovered near Jericho, c. 333 BC (Zev Radovan)

ill.8 Silver tetradrachm of Ptolemy I Soter, c. 300 BC, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.8 Silver tetradrachm of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, c. 175 BC, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.9 Judah the Maccabee (author’s collection)

ill.10 Silver denarius of Mark Antony and of Cleopatra VII (The Trustees of the British Museum)

ill.11 Reconstruction of the Second Temple, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.12 Ossuary of “Simon the builder of the Sanctuary” (AKG)

ill.12 Greek inscription from the Temple, c. 50 BC, Istanbul Archaeological Museum (AKG)

ill.13 South-eastern corner of Herodian wall encircling the Temple Mount (Zev Radovan)

ill.14 The Crucifixion, Hubert van Eyck, Ca’ d’Oro, Venice (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.15 Coin of Herod Antipas, c. AD 4–39, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.16 Coin of Herod Agrippa I, c. AD 43–39, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.17a Head of Titus, first century AD, Louvre Museum, Paris (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.17b Skeletal arm of young woman, AD 67 (Zev Radovan)

ill.17b Rocks at the foot of the Wall, Jerusalem (author’s photograph)

ill.17c Detail from the Arch of Titus, Rome (AKG)

ill.17c Coin minted to commemorate victory over Judaea, AD 81 (Zev Radovan)

ill.18 Bronze bust of Hadrian, c. 135, Israel Museum (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.19 Silver coin issued by Simon bar Kochba, c. 132–5, Israel Museum (AKG)

ill.20 Fourth-century pilgrim graffiti, Church of the Holy Sepulchre (AKG)

ill.21 Colossal head of Constantine the Great, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome (AKG)

ill.22 Marble statue of Julian the Apostate, 362, Louvre Museum, Paris (AKG)

ill.23 Justinian I and his retinue, c. 550, San Vitale, Ravenna (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.23 Theodora and her retinue, c. 550, San Vitale, Ravenna (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.24 Mosaic map of Palestine, Madaba (AKG)

ill.25 The Golden Gate (author’s photograph)

ill.26 Ascension of Muhammad, from a manuscript of Nizami’s poem “Khamza,” 1539–43, British Library (AKG)

ill.27 Umayyad dynasty gold dinar showing Abd al-Malik (The Trustees of the British Museum)

ill.28 The Dome of the Rock (AKG)

ill.29 Interior of the Dome of the Rock (Garo Nalbandian)

ill.30 The looting of Jerusalem in 1099, illuminated miniature from a universal chronicle, Jean de Courcy, Bibliotéque Nationale, Paris (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.31 Baldwin I crosses the Jordan, illumination from Roman de Godefroi de Bouillon, Bibliotéque Nationale, Paris (AKG)

ill.32 Medieval map of Jerusalem from Robert the Monk’s Chronicle of the Crusades (Corbis)

ill.33 Melisende marrying Fulk of Anjou from the Histoire de la conquete de Jerusalem by William of Tyre, Bibliotéque Nationale, Paris (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.34 Melisende’s Psalter, c. 1131–43, British Library (AKG)

ill.35 Baldwin IV and William of Tyre, illumination from Histoire de Outremer by William of Tyre, British Library (AKG)

ill.36 Portrait of Saladin, British Library (Bridgeman Art Library)

ill.37 Frederick II entering Jerusalem, 1227, Vatican Library (AKG)

ill.38 The Dome of Ascension (AKG)

ill.38 Entrance to the Market of the Cotton Merchants (author’s collection)

ill.38 Qaitbay fountain (AKG)

ill.39 Suleiman I, portrait attributed to school of Titian, c. 1530, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (AKG)

ill.40 Fountain of the Gate of the Chain (AKG)

ill.40 Detail from the exterior mosaics of the Dome of the Rock (Corbis)

ill.41 Engraving of Sabbatai Zevi (AKG)

ill.42 Ibrahim Pasha, Charles-Philippe Larivière, Museum of French History at the Palace of Versailles (RMN)

ill.43 Greek Church of the Holy Sepulchre, David Roberts, 1839 (AKG)

ill.44 Sir Moses Montefiore (author’s collection)

ill.44 Montefiore windmill and cottages (Mishkenot Sha’ananim)

ill.45 Photograph of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Patriarch Yessayi, 1861 (Armenian Partriarchate)

ill.46 A group of Yemenite Jews (American Colony)

ill.46 A group of Ashkenazi Jews, 1885, Hulton Archive (Getty)

ill.47 Crowd of Russian pilgrims at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (American Colony)

ill.47 King David Street, Granger Collection (Topfoto)

ill.48 Theodor Herzl and his family, Hulton Archive (Getty)

ill.48 Kaiser Wilhelm II in Jerusalem, 1889, Hulton Archive (Getty)

ill.49 The kaiser at the Tomb of Kings (American Colony)

ill.50 Bertha Spafford and other members of the American Colony with Bedouin friends, 1902 (American Colony)

ill.51 Hussein Selim al-Husseini (American Colony)

ill.52 Montagu Parker (Morley family archives)

ill.53 Wasif Jawhariyyeh (Institute for Palestine Studies)

ill.54 Jemal Pasha, 1915 (American Colony)

ill.54 Turkish executions in Jerusalem (Mary Evans Picture Library)

ill.55 Chaim Weizmann, 1918

ill.55 David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill, 1910 (Getty)

ill.55 T. E. Lawrence on the governor’s balcony, 1920 (Getty)

ill.56 The mayor of Jerusalem surrenders the city, 1917 (Getty)

ill.57 Fourth of July reception at the American Colony (American Colony)

ill.58 Winston Churchill, T. E. Lawrence and Amir Abdullah in the gardens of Government House, 1921, Matson Photograph Collection (Library of Congress, Washington, DC)

ill.59 Investiture by the Duke of Connaught in Barracks Square (American Colony)

ill.60 Group outside Government House, 1924 (Israel State Archive)

ill.61 King Hussein and Musa Kazem al Husseini in Jerusalem, 1923 (Library of Congress, Washington, DC)

ill.62 King Faisal and Amir Abdullah surrounded by students, 1931, Matson Photograph Collection (Library of Congress, Washington, DC)

ill.63 David Ben-Gurion, 1924 (Mary Evans Picture Library)

ill.63 Mufti Amin al-Husseini at the Nabi Musa festival, 1937 (Keystone Press, France)

ill.64 Holy Fire ceremony, 1941, Matson Photograph Collection (Library of Congress, Washington, DC)

ill.65 Prayers at the Western Wall, 1944 (Central Zionist Archives)

ill.66 Asmahan (Getty)

ill.67 Mufti Amin al-Husseini meets Adolf Hitler, 1941 (AKG)

ill.67 Abd al-Kadir al-Husseini, 1940s (Associated Press)

ill.68 Abd al-Kadir al-Husseini’s funeral procession, 1948 (Government Press Office, State of Israel)

ill.69 Bombing of the King David Hotel (author’s collection)

ill.69 Katy Antonius (Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs)

ill.69a Jerusalem in smoke during the Arab–Israeli War, 28 May 1948 (Mary Evans Picture Library)

ill.70 Arab soldiers escorting a Jewish prisoner, 1 June 1948, Time and Life Pictures (Getty)

ill.70 Jewish girl fleeing from burning buildings, 28 May 1948, Time and Life Pictures (Getty)

ill.71 Arab troops behind sandbag barricades, 1 June 1948 (AKG)

ill.72a King Abdullah with crowds in Jerusalem, 1 July 1948 (Getty)

ill.72b The scene in al-Aqsa mosque after King Abdullah’s assassination, 20 July 1951 (Associated Press)

ill.72c King Hussein of Jordan, 29 July 1967 (Associated Press)

ill.73a Yitzhak Rabin and Moshe Dayan during an Israeli cabinet meeting, 1967 (Micha Bar Am/Magnum Photos)

ill.73b Israeli paratroopers and tanks advancing to Lions’ Gate, 7 June 1967 (Avner Offer)

ill.74 Israeli soldiers praying at the Western Wall, 7 June 1967 (Cornell Capa/Magnum Photos)

ill.74 The sheikh in charge of the mosques on the Temple Mount, 7 June 1967 (Micha Bar Am/Magnum Photos)

ill.74 Israeli troops making their way towards al-Aqsa (Micha Bar Am/Magnum Photos)

ill.74 Israeli paratroopers at the Dome of the Rock (Avner Offer)