chapter nineteen
Billie Egret, tribal chair of the Egret
Seminoles, had inherited Joseph Egret’s height, his elongated wedge
of a nose and his eyes. She had liquid eyes; black, intense eyes
that seemed to add weight to the air when she stared at you.
She was staring at me now, as she said, “My father
once told me he considered you more like a son than just some
cracker boy. So I guess that could make the two of us brother and
sister in a way. He also told me you kept your brain where your
heart should be. True?”
There are rare people who exude sufficient
confidence that they can direct outrageous questions at strangers,
yet make the question sound reasonable, even flattering. She was
one of those few.
I said, “Personally, I don’t see anything wrong
with that.”
I watched her smile for the second time since our
arrival. “Guess he was right, huh?”
We were standing in a clearing between four pole
houses—chickees—that were built around a central fire pit. The
chickees consisted of a sapling floor built a couple of feet off
the ground beneath a roof of palm thatching. The cooking chickee
was open on all sides. There was a pump for water, a wood-burning
stove and a porcelain sink that drained onto the ground.
We’d already seen the tree where, according to the
woman, Chekika had been hanged a hundred-and-fifty-some years
earlier. The “Hanging Tree,” she called it, her inflection making
it a proper noun.
It was a massive Madeira mahogany, long dead. Put
three or four men at the base, and they might be able to circle
their arms around it. Most of the upper limbs were broken off;
woodpeckers had riddled it with striated holes, but it was still
solid. Perched on the highest knob was one of the rarest birds in
the Everglades, a snail kite. The snail kite sat one hundred feet
above, indifferent to us, a large, hawkish looking male, cobalt
blue.
“When we were kids,” Billie told us, “Joseph used
to talk about Chekika, because Chekika was his great-grandfather.
Which means he’s my great-great-grandfather. He was what the old
people, the elders, called a Spanish Indian.
“It’s because the government sent the last band of
Calusas to live in Cuba. They had to learn Spanish. They gave them
a spot on a hill just west of old Havana, but it wasn’t their home;
it wasn’t Florida. So they paddled back. More than a hundred miles
of open water in dugouts.
“Chekika was different. Like my father. Now like
us.”
We listened to the woman talk about it. She said if
the American military had attacked Indians down on the Keys, it
would have been called an engagement. But because it was Chekika
who initiated the attack, history referred to it as a
massacre.
There is a predictable variety of bitterness
associated with the cliché thinking that every conquest-minded
European was evil, and all indigenous peoples were noble. But there
was no hint of that in her voice.
She told us that there are five hundred and fifty
federally recognized tribes in the United States. The largest, the
Cherokee and the Navajo, have close to a million members. Some of
the smallest tribes have fewer than a dozen men and women left; are
on the verge of extinction.
“For the enemies of Native Americans,” she said,
“extinction has always been the favorite option.”
She told us that her band, the Egret Seminoles,
were just one unrecognized tribe out of two-hundred-and-forty-some
groups petitioning, trying to get the federal government to verify
all the research that had been done, to grant confirmation, and
make it official.
She spoke matter-of-factly, like an interested
historian. She looked the part, standing there in her park ranger
khaki shorts and man’s rainbow-banded Seminole shirt, strings of
traditional glass beads around her neck. An interesting-looking
woman: a little over six feet tall, narrow-hipped, flat-chested
with good shoulders, high cheekbones beneath velvet cocoa skin, her
hair cut short. Plus those eyes. Star tlingly intense eyes.
I liked her frankness; her no-nonsense
manner.
When Tomlinson placed both his hands on the tree,
closed his eyes for a moment, saying, “There’s a powerful spirit in
this creature; it’s still strong and alive—” she cut him off
abruptly, saying, “If you’re doing that for my benefit, please
stop.”
As Tomlinson turned to her, smiling, she added,
“Sorry. It’s just that I don’t have much patience with the whole
Indian stereotype business. We don’t worship nature—never did. We
don’t all have fuzzy animal names. We’ve never had shamans—that’s a
Russian word—and the only people who give any credence to
that ridiculous book, Black Elk Speaks, are New Age whites
who have more money than brains. Turquoise Indians, I call them,
because they wear turquoise like it’s supposed to mean
something.”
Still smiling, Tomlinson said something heavy and
guttural that surprised the woman, then made her laugh. It also
seemed to cut through the awkwardness of strangers meeting. Seemed
to put her at ease. She answered Tomlinson in the same singsong
language, before adding, “I’m impressed. That’s a Maskókî maxim I
haven’t heard since my grand-mother died. Very appropriate,
too.”
Now she didn’t seem to mind at all when Tomlinson
placed his hands on the Hanging Tree again, eyes closed, and asked,
“How often is she struck by lightning?”
Billie Egret answered, “A lot,” walking away.
She’d already put DeAntoni in his place, too. The
first thing he’d asked her after stepping off the airboat was, “Did
you know a Geoff Minster?” To which she replied, “You wouldn’t be
here if I didn’t. And you’re not going to stay here long
unless you agree to talk about it on my terms.”
Her terms, it seemed, included getting to know us
better before she volunteered information. “She’s getting the feel
of us,” Tomlinson whispered to me as we followed her back to the
main camp.
Now she took a seat at a table beneath one of the
chickees, and spoke generally, telling us about herself, what she
was doing. She owned a condo in Coral Gables—she was working on her
doctorate in political history at the University of Miami—but she
lived here much of the time with two older aunts and three much
older uncles. The six of them, along with Ginny Egret and James
Tiger, made up the voting board of the Tribe of Egret Seminoles,
Inc., a trademarked corporation formed to ensure that the
tribe—once formally recognized—had both a business and political
infrastructure in place.
“Under the corporation, we also created the Egret
Seminole Land Development Enterprise,” she said. “We did it to
explore how we can best use the little bit of land we own jointly,
and the possibility of purchasing—or annexing—property that adjoins
ours.
“That’s how I met Geoff. He came to me as the front
man for Jerry Singh. They had a business offer. Singh wanted to
sell us thirteen hundred acres of adjoining land on a long-term
deferred loan, and at a price next to nothing. In return, we’d
allow him to build and manage a casino resort.”
DeAntoni said, “He wanted to sell you church
property.”
“Yes, and he still does. Singh bought the land
cheap when he was first starting out. Back when it cost next to
nothing because it’s mostly swamp. A little later, if you don’t
mind getting your feet wet, I’ll walk you to where the property
lines meet.”
Billie told us she felt the casino idea was
plausible and the potential for profit was huge. But, as she
explained to Minster, even if she did get the tribe to go along
with the idea, it wouldn’t be easy. There was a lot of red tape
involved; several government agencies to deal with. First and
foremost, though, the Egret Seminoles had to successfully petition
the Department of Interior’s branch of Acknowledgment and
Recognition.
So she and Minster had spent a lot of time
together, trying to work out the details.
She said, “The main problem is that the U.S.
government is constantly . . . daily . . . perpetually devising
ways they can erode Indian sovereignty. The gaming industry is
their favorite target. Have you ever heard of James Billy?”
“I was talking about him on the way here,”
Tomlinson told her. “A tough old ’Nam vet who really got the tribe
on its feet.”
“That’s him. When I’d go on a rant about protecting
tribal sovereignty, he’d tell me, ‘Hell, honey, sovereignty ain’t
nothin’ but who’s got the biggest gun!’ In the final analysis, he
was absolutely correct.
“So now we’re working on getting our guns together.
Back in the nineteen fifties, when James was growing up, less than
a half-dozen Seminoles had even graduated from high school. Today,
we dress our warriors up in three-piece suits and pay them to fire
off injunctions instead of bullets. So that’s how I got to know
Geoff.”
There was an odd modulation when she said his name,
Geoff. Was I imagining a hint of tenderness?
No.
Because she then added, “I hope you’re right about
him still being alive. I don’t believe it, but I hope you’re
right.”
The way she said it was like she cared about the
guy. Cared about him a lot.
Why was there a Sawgrass maintenance truck backed
into what looked to be a long-abandoned limestone quarry?
That’s what Billie wanted to know.
It was a white, ton-and-a-half GMC, double tires in
the back with a skid-mounted tank in the bed and Sawgrass decals on
the doors. A dark-haired man in coveralls was standing at the rear
of the truck, doing something with a wrench.
It was the quarry I’d seen on the way in.
“That’s odd; he’s on our property,” she said. “He’s
got no business being in here. What I don’t understand is, Why
would he want to be there?” Meaning a shallow, marl-looking
pit fifty yards or so wide, with an access road that was overgrown
with brush. The road ended abruptly where the truck was parked,
backed up to the wall of the quarry as if it were a bunker.
I thought, Dumping garbage, but said
nothing. A man alone, not dozing, not eating. It was the only
explanation that made sense.
We’d walked a mile or so north. Had waded through a
couple of sections of sawgrass and water, which DeAntoni didn’t
like. Wild animals, he said, made him jumpy.
“All the snakes and crap Florida’s got. Alligators.
We’ve already seen enough big gators, sister. So no more,
okay? Then you got your black widows, scorpions, plus that
hurricane business with a wind that comes blowing down and puts the
snatch on people.”
Billie chuckled when he added, “Hell, you Indians
can have the freaking place, far as I’m concerned.”
Most of our walk was on high ground. Dry, too,
after one of the driest winters in the state’s history, but
starting to green now that we were entering the rainy season.
We’d followed the woman through pinelands and grass
prairie, through stands of young cypress where she pointed out
ghost orchids growing wild, swamp lilies and leather ferns. She
knew the names of all the birds, too: wood storks, hawks and great
egrets with their reptilian eyes.
Once, she stopped, knelt and touched a finger to a
paw print that was bigger than my hand. “Black bear,” she said. “A
big one. Big and healthy.”
She said she often found panther tracks in the
area, too.
When I inquired, she told me she’d noticed a
significant increase in the amount of wildlife in the ’Glades since
her childhood, particularly gators and wading birds. “But that
doesn’t mean the Everglades is back to the way it was when Chekika
and Osceola were alive. And there may be a lot more damage to
come.”
Her reasoning surprised me. She said she felt the
biggest threat to the region now came from the state and federal
governments, and a mega-billion-dollar project called the
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.
“But that’s a good thing,” Tomlinson argued.
“The scientists, most of them, anyway, say we need to make the
’Glades a free-flowing water system again. Restore the Kissimmee
and increase the amount of wetlands by a couple of hundred thousand
acres.”
That, Billie told him, is exactly what scared
her.
In explanation, she first listed a string of
environmental disasters masterminded by government scientists and
engineers. Back in 1912, they used biplanes to seed the Everglades
with a paper-barked, Australian tree called the melaleuca. The
exotic tree reproduced like wildfire and displaced whole regions of
natural habitat. Then they did the same with casuarinas, or
Australian pines. “Environmentally safe windbreaks,” state
biologists called the tree at the time.
It was government “experts” who transformed the
Kissimmee from a hundred miles of pristine river into a
fifty-six-mile ditch, renaming it C-38 Canal. The results were
ruinous.
Then, in 1957, at the southern base of mainland
Florida, government engineers dug the Buttonwood Canal to drain the
area north of Flamingo and provide easy boat access to the mangrove
backcountry. For the first time in history, the canal allowed fresh
water, laden with decaying sediments, to flow directly into Florida
Bay.
Again, the results were disastrous. It all but
destroyed the fishery in Florida Bay, yet state biologists balked
at admitting the truth, or taking responsibility. It wasn’t until
1982 that the canal was finally plugged.
“I don’t trust them,” Billie said. “Government
scientists use Florida like a lab rat. They say they want to return
the natural flow of water? The Everglades used to include nearly
all the land south of Orlando. It’s less than half that size now.
When they started draining the sawgrass, tree islands like
Chekika’s Hammock got bigger. The bigger islands provided more
habitat for wildlife that’d been forced inland by
development.
“So what’s going to happen when they cover half the
original land mass with the whole, original amount of flowing
water? They’re going to flood us out, that’s what. When water
reduces the amount of uplands habitat, where’re the bear, the deer,
the people—where’re we supposed to go. Miami?
“This has been one of the driest winters ever, but
the water’s already come up so much here that some of the trees are
getting root rot. Our island’s shrinking.”
She added, “This place is delicate. The
’Glades has spent the last hundred years adapting to change,
evolving, surviving. Now they want the area to go through the whole
process again, but in reverse.” Sounding emotional for the first
time, she added, “Anything as beautiful as the Everglades
has to be fragile. Like a butterfly.”
Tomlinson was listening to her, not agreeing but
not disagreeing, either. In a soft voice, he said, “Everglades.
Yes, this place is the real Magic Kingdom.”
The man driving the white pickup truck with the
skid tank in back didn’t want us to see his face.
My interpretation. Something about the way he
behaved when Billie called out to him, “Hey, mister! Mind if I ask
what’re you doing down there?”
She startled him. Made him jump. He didn’t expect
anyone to come walking up out of the sawgrass the way we did.
Ninety-nine percent of the people, they’ll look around when
surprised.
Not this guy.
He was about fifty yards away and slightly below
us. He stiffened at the sound of her voice. Paused as if thinking
about what to do. Then he turned away from us, his face partially
hidden by an open hand as he waved, maybe trying to appear
friendly, but maybe trying to shield himself, too.
Still waving, he called back a gruff,
“Howdy!”
My second assessment: He was trying to disguise his
voice.
I watched the man duck slightly, keeping the truck
between us and himself. He didn’t rush, kept it calm, but he didn’t
waste any time opening the driver’s-side door and getting in.
Billie was walking fast toward the access road.
Then she began to trot as the truck pulled away. I jogged along
with her, for no other reason than the man’s behavior did not seem
appropriate for the situation.
She was motioning at the driver, calling for him to
stop. But he didn’t. When he passed within fifteen yards or so of
us, he waved again, palm open—shielding his face once more.
“Asshole,” Billie said. She was looking at the
truck as it bounced away. “And wouldn’t you know: There’s mud on
his license plate.”
A few minutes later, the four of us were going
over the area where the truck had been parked.
Yes, it was an abandoned limestone quarry, or
“barrow pit”; limestone dredged to built roads. The pit was rocky,
honeycombed with holes.
I know enough about Florida geology to recognize
that this area would be described as a karst formation. A
karst is a limestone area that consists of sinkholes and abrupt
ridges—some as high as fifteen or twenty feet above sea
level.
For millions of years, naturally acidic rain and
groundwater flowed through these limestone karsts, dissolving
conduits and caverns out of rock. Some plates of limestone fell,
some rose. Thus the unusual elevation.
This quarry had been dug into the side of a high
ridge. Searching around at the bottom of it, we found a couple of
daubs of white goo that smelled like fuel oil—insecticide, DeAntoni
suggested. Nothing more until Billie held up a large, empty
fertilizer bag, and said, “Look at this. He must be one of the golf
course maintenance guys. Probably came out here to get away from
his supervisor, sneaking in a nap.”
She told us her primary worry was that the guy had
been dumping trash. She said the Sawgrass staff did that a
lot—dumped their junk on Indian property. Old refrigerators, air
conditioners, broken bedding and wallboard—anything too bulky or
heavy to drive to the county dump.
She said she’d complained to Jerry Singh, but got a
sense of indifference behind his promise to speak with his staff.
Plus, it didn’t stop. They kept right on dumping.
She told us she thought Singh was secretly
encouraging the dumping for the same reason he was encouraging his
staff to bully the local Indians. If the Egret Seminoles agreed to
Shiva’s terms, the Seminole corporate board would have the power to
hire and fire. It would be a way for the Indians to rid the area of
the Ashram’s thugs.
Tomlinson asked, “Then why would you want to go
into the casino business with someone like Shiva? I’ve got to be
right up front with you. I think the guy’s a slime.”
She answered. “I don’t want to go into the
casino business with him. With Geoff involved, it might’ve been a
different story. I doubt it, but at least there was a possibility.
Now there’s not a chance—as far as I’m concerned, anyway.”
“Then why deal with him?”
She thought for a moment, perhaps calculating how
honest she should be. Finally, she said, “I’m dealing with him for
a real simple reason. We want his land. I want his land. Not
for a housing development or anything like that. I want to replant
it. Make it part of our home again. But just because I was elected
tribal chair, that doesn’t mean I make the final decision.”
She explained that the Egret Seminoles as a tribe
were still considering the casino proposal because Shiva had, in
her opinion, conned her five older aunts and uncles. Billie said
that, as chairman, she could vote only in the event of a tie. So
Shiva had effectively captured the interests of a majority of
corporate members on a voting board of eight.
She told us, “A year back, Singh sent a limo and
drove us all to his Palm Beach Ashram. He gave us the red-carpet
treatment; anything we wanted. What impressed my aunts and uncles,
though, was his office. On his office walls, he’s got these
carvings of pre-Columbian masks and totems. They were copies of
Calusa masks. Masks that almost no one knows about.
“Singh acted surprised when my uncle identified
them. It was like Jerry had no idea what they were. He claimed to
have carved the masks himself because the images kept coming to him
night after night in his dreams. Jerry told us he was a mystic, and
sometimes received messages that he didn’t always understand right
away. Then he told my aunts and uncles that maybe the masks—the
fact that he saw them in his dreams—were a positive sign about the
casino. ”
DeAntoni said, “Did they believe him?”
“I think they’d like to believe him. I love
my relatives, but they grew up in poverty. I think they’d like a
reason to justify voting for the casinos, and have some money for
once. So, they’re still waiting to decide.”
“Waiting for what?”
“Shiva promised them another sign. A more powerful
sign. Maybe someday I’ll tell you what he promised them he’d
do—it’s actually kind of funny. It’ll never happen, of course. So
what I’ve got to do is figure out how to get Shiva’s land
without agreeing to let him build casinos.”
As she said that, she handed the bag she’d found to
Tomlinson, and he held it up for me to see. It was the industrial
variety; triple-thick brown paper. Printing on the outside said
that it had contained fifty pounds of ammonium nitrate
commercial-grade fertilizer, manufactured by Chem-A-World Products,
Bucyrus, Ohio.
As I looked at the bag, I said, “Is anyone doing
any blasting around here?”
She said, “No. In the Everglades? They’d never
allow it. They used to back when they were digging barrow pits, but
not now.”
As I asked Billie if ammonium nitrate was a
fertilizer commonly used by golf courses, DeAntoni’s cell phone
began to ring.
She shrugged—I don’t know—as Frank put the
phone to his ear and, after listening a moment, said, “Speak of the
devil.”
A minute later, he closed the phone, putting it
away, and said, “That was our Scotch-drinking pal, Eugene McRae.
Jerry Singh already contacted him and asked about our little visit.
He’s there right now. The Bhagwan, I mean. Mr. McRae said that
Singh would be happy to answer any questions we had about Geoff
Minster.”