FOR FURTHER READING

Classic Essays

Eliot, T. S. Introduction. Huckleberry Finn. 1950. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, edited by Sculley Bradley et al. Norton Critical Edition; second edition. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.
Ellison, Ralph. The Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison. Edited by John F. Callahan. New York: Modern Library, 1995.
Ellison, Ralph. Conversations with Ralph Ellison. Edited by Maryemma Graham and Amritjit Singh. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995.
Ellison, Ralph. “Richard Wright’s Blues.” 1945. Reprinted in Living with Music: Ralph Ellison’s Jazz Writings, edited by Robert G. O‘Meally. New York: Modern Library, 2001.
Fiedler, Leslie A. “Come Back to the Raft Ag‘in, Huck Honey!” 1948. In Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Case Study in Critical Controversy, edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston: Bedford Books/St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Hemingway, Ernest. Green Hills of Africa. 1935. Reprint: New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953.
Howells, William Dean. My Mark Twain. 1910. In The Shock of Recognition: The Development of Literature in the United States Recorded by the Men Who Made It, edited by Edmund Wilson. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1943.
Smith, Henry Nash. Introduction. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958.
Trilling, Lionel. The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society. 1950. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1953.
Warren, Robert Penn. “Samuel Clemens (1835-1910).” In American Literature: The Makers and the Making, edited by Cleanth Brooks, R. W. B. Lewis, and Robert Penn Warren. Vol. 2. New York: St. Martins’ Press, 1973.

Bibliographical Studies

De Voto, Bernard. Mark Twain’s America. 1932. Reprinted in Mark Twain’s America, and Mark Twain at Work. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.
Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.
Kaplan, Justin. Born to Trouble: One Hundred Years of Huckleberry Finn. Center for the Book Viewpoint Series, no. 13. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1985.
Smith, Henry Nash. Mark Twain: The Development of a Writer. 1962. New York: Atheneum, 1972.

New Critical Directions

Bradley, David. [Untitled]. New Yorker (June 26, 1995), p. 133.
Bradley, Sculley, et al., eds. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Norton Critical Edition; second edition. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.
Budd, Louis J., ed. Introduction. In New Essays on Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Doyno, Victor A. Afterword. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. The Oxford Mark Twain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Fischer, Victor. “Huckleberry Finn Reviewed: The Reception of Huckleberry Finn in the United States, 1885-1897.” American Literary Realism 16 (1983).
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Lighting Out for the Territory: Reflections on Mark Twain and American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Gibson, Donald B. “Mark Twain’s Jim in the Classroom.” English Journal 57 (February 1968).
Graff, Gerald, and James Phelan, eds. Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Case Study in Critical Controversy. Boston: Bedford Books/St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Harris, Susan K. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Complete Text with Introduction, Historical Contexts, Critical Essays. Riverside Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.
Mailer, Norman. “Huckleberry Finn, Alive at 100.” New York Times Book Review (December 9, 1984).
Mason, Bobbie Ann. [Untitled]. New Yorker (June 26, 1995), p. 130.
Morrison, Toni. Introduction. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. The Oxford Mark Twain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Rabinovitz, Jonathan. “Huck Finn 101, or How to Teach Twain Without Fear.” New York Times (July 25, 1995), pp. B1, B4.
Smiley, Jane. “Say It Ain’t So, Huck: Second Thoughts on Mark Twain’s ‘Masterpiece.‘ ” Harper’s 292 (January 1996).
Smith, David L. “Black Critics and Mark Twain.” In The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain, edited by Forrest G. Robinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Historical/Cultural Contexts

Arac, Jonathan. Huckleberry Finn as Idol and Target: The Functions of Criticism in Our Time. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Baker, Houston A. Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Champion, Laurie, ed. The Critical Response to Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1991.
Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Vintage Books, 1972.
Foner, Eric. “Blacks and the U.S. Constitution, 1789-1989.” New Left Review 183 (September-October 1990).
Frederickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817-1914. 1971. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
Harding, Vincent, Robin D. G. Kelley, and Earl Lewis. We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Harris, Susan K. Mark Twain’s Escape from Time: A Study of Patterns and Images. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1982.
Kelley, Robin D. G., and Earl Lewis, eds. To Make Our World Anew: A History of African Americans. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Kennedy, Randall. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word. New York: Pantheon Books, 2002.
Murray, Albert. The Hero and the Blues. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1973.
Murray, Albert. South to a Very Old Place. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971.
O‘Meally, Robert, ed. The Jazz Cadence of American Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Rourke, Constance. American Humor: A Study of the National Character. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931.
Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.
Smith, Henry Nash, and William M. Gibson, eds. Mark Twain-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of Samuel L. Clemens and William D. Howells, 1872- 1910. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Sundquist, Eric, ed. Introduction. Mark Twain: A Callection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994, pp. 1-14.
Toll, Robert C. Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Twain, Mark. “Fenimore Cooper’s Literary Offenses.” In Mark Twain: Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, and Essays. Vol. 2, 1891-1910. New York: The Library of America, 1992.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
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