FOR FURTHER READING
Classic Essays
Eliot, T. S. Introduction. Huckleberry
Finn. 1950. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, edited by
Sculley Bradley et al. Norton Critical Edition; second edition. New
York: W. W. Norton, 1977.
Ellison, Ralph. The Collected Essays of Ralph
Ellison. Edited by John F. Callahan. New York: Modern Library,
1995.
Ellison, Ralph. Conversations with Ralph
Ellison. Edited by Maryemma Graham and Amritjit Singh. Jackson:
University Press of Mississippi, 1995.
Ellison, Ralph. “Richard Wright’s Blues.” 1945.
Reprinted in Living with Music: Ralph Ellison’s Jazz
Writings, edited by Robert G. O‘Meally. New York: Modern
Library, 2001.
Fiedler, Leslie A. “Come Back to the Raft Ag‘in,
Huck Honey!” 1948. In Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn: A Case Study in Critical Controversy, edited by Gerald
Graff and James Phelan. Boston: Bedford Books/St. Martin’s Press,
1995.
Hemingway, Ernest. Green Hills of Africa.
1935. Reprint: New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953.
Howells, William Dean. My Mark Twain. 1910. In
The Shock of Recognition: The Development of Literature in the
United States Recorded by the Men Who Made It, edited by Edmund
Wilson. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1943.
Smith, Henry Nash. Introduction. Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958.
Trilling, Lionel. The Liberal Imagination:
Essays on Literature and Society. 1950. Garden City, NY:
Doubleday, 1953.
Warren, Robert Penn. “Samuel Clemens
(1835-1910).” In American Literature: The Makers and the
Making, edited by Cleanth Brooks, R. W. B. Lewis, and Robert
Penn Warren. Vol. 2. New York: St. Martins’ Press, 1973.
Bibliographical Studies
De Voto, Bernard. Mark Twain’s America.
1932. Reprinted in Mark Twain’s America, and Mark Twain at
Work. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.
Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark
Twain. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.
Kaplan, Justin. Born to Trouble: One Hundred
Years of Huckleberry Finn. Center for the Book Viewpoint
Series, no. 13. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1985.
Smith, Henry Nash. Mark Twain: The
Development of a Writer. 1962. New York: Atheneum, 1972.
New Critical Directions
Bradley, David. [Untitled]. New Yorker
(June 26, 1995), p. 133.
Bradley, Sculley, et al., eds. Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn. Norton Critical Edition; second edition. New
York: W. W. Norton, 1977.
Budd, Louis J., ed. Introduction. In New
Essays on Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1985.
Doyno, Victor A. Afterword. In Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. The Oxford Mark Twain. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Fischer, Victor. “Huckleberry Finn
Reviewed: The Reception of Huckleberry Finn in the United
States, 1885-1897.” American Literary Realism 16
(1983).
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Lighting Out for the
Territory: Reflections on Mark Twain and American Culture. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black? Mark
Twain and African-American Voices. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1993.
Gibson, Donald B. “Mark Twain’s Jim in the
Classroom.” English Journal 57 (February 1968).
Graff, Gerald, and James Phelan, eds. Mark
Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Case Study in
Critical Controversy. Boston: Bedford Books/St. Martin’s Press,
1995.
Harris, Susan K. Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn: Complete Text with Introduction, Historical Contexts,
Critical Essays. Riverside Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
2000.
Mailer, Norman. “Huckleberry Finn, Alive at
100.” New York Times Book Review (December 9, 1984).
Mason, Bobbie Ann. [Untitled]. New Yorker
(June 26, 1995), p. 130.
Morrison, Toni. Introduction. In Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. The Oxford Mark Twain. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Rabinovitz, Jonathan. “Huck Finn 101, or How to
Teach Twain Without Fear.” New York Times (July 25, 1995),
pp. B1, B4.
Smiley, Jane. “Say It Ain’t So, Huck: Second
Thoughts on Mark Twain’s ‘Masterpiece.‘ ” Harper’s 292
(January 1996).
Smith, David L. “Black Critics and Mark Twain.”
In The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain, edited by Forrest
G. Robinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Historical/Cultural Contexts
Arac, Jonathan. Huckleberry Finn as Idol and
Target: The Functions of Criticism in Our Time. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Baker, Houston A. Blues, Ideology, and
Afro-American Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1984.
Champion, Laurie, ed. The Critical Response
to Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn. Westport, CT: Greenwood,
1991.
Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York:
Vintage Books, 1972.
Foner, Eric. “Blacks and the U.S. Constitution,
1789-1989.” New Left Review 183 (September-October
1990).
Frederickson, George M. The Black Image in
the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and
Destiny, 1817-1914. 1971. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
Harding, Vincent, Robin D. G. Kelley, and Earl
Lewis. We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945-1970.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Harris, Susan K. Mark Twain’s Escape from
Time: A Study of Patterns and Images. Columbia: University of
Missouri Press, 1982.
Kelley, Robin D. G., and Earl Lewis, eds. To
Make Our World Anew: A History of African Americans. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2000.
Kennedy, Randall. Nigger: The Strange Career
of a Troublesome Word. New York: Pantheon Books, 2002.
Murray, Albert. The Hero and the Blues.
Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1973.
Murray, Albert. South to a Very Old
Place. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971.
O‘Meally, Robert, ed. The Jazz Cadence of
American Culture. New York: Columbia University Press,
1998.
Rourke, Constance. American Humor: A Study of
the National Character. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company,
1931.
Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.
Smith, Henry Nash, and William M. Gibson, eds.
Mark Twain-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of Samuel L.
Clemens and William D. Howells, 1872- 1910. 2 vols. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Sundquist, Eric, ed. Introduction. Mark
Twain: A Callection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1994, pp. 1-14.
Toll, Robert C. Blacking Up: The Minstrel
Show in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1974.
Twain, Mark. “Fenimore Cooper’s Literary
Offenses.” In Mark Twain: Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches,
and Essays. Vol. 2, 1891-1910. New York: The Library of
America, 1992.