INDEX
African National Congress (ANC), 196
Alcoa, 188–89
Ambition of Marc Rich, 16–17
America Held Hostage (TV program), 96
American Bolivian Bank, 34
American legal isolationism, 130–32
Antwerp, Belgium, 27–29
Aouad, Philip, 210
Ariano, William F., 101–2
Arrow, Kenneth J., 87
Ashland Oil, 71–72
Asturiana de Zinc SA, 226–27
Atlas Shrugged (Rand), 180
Auschwitz, 29
Australia, 30–31
Azemour refugee camp, 30–31
on anti-Semitism and Marc Rich, 17–18
on death of Marc Rich’s daughter Gabrielle, 212
Justice Department search and, 201
security for Marc Rich, 159–61
on trust and Marc Rich, 86
“Back-to-back trades,” 53
Bakhtiar, Shahpur, 92–93
Bankers Trust Company, 80
Barceló, Miquel, 10
Batista, Fulgencio, 45–46
Bazargan, Mehdi, 93–94
Begin, Menachem, 103
Belgium, 25–29
Benn, Tony, 67
Ben-Yair, Michael, 133
Beta Israel of Ethiopia, 204–6
Beyeler, Ernst, 246
Bialer, Uri, 280n
Biggin Hill Airport, 156–57
Billman, Tom J., 200–201
Birth of Marc Rich, 27–28
Blum, Adolfo, 40
Blumenthal, Sidney, 249
Bouguerra, Slimane, 178
Boxer, Barbara, 250
Braudel, Fernand, 27
British Observer, 207
Brown, Dan, 36
Burundi, 181–83
Bush, George H. W., 141
Caan, James, 36
Cabinda, Angola, 183–85
Camp David Accords, 198
Camp Osceola, 33–34
Case against Marc Rich (United States of America v. Marc Rich, Pincus Green, et al.), 116–43
alleged “sham transactions” and, 120–22
announcement of case, 116–17
five flaws of case, 135–39
obstructive strategy of Marc Rich, 139–41
oil price control and, 117–20
overview of case, 117–22
presumed innocent and, 134–35
Swiss government and extradition, 125–34
Ceau
escu, Nicolae, 68
CEPE (Corporación Estatal Petrolera Ecuatoriana), 81
Certificate of Loss of Nationality, 110
CFP (Compagnie française des pétroles), 58
Chalmin, Philippe, 85
Charles V of Spain, 10
Charles VI of France, 39
Chase Manhattan Bank, 124
Cheney, Dick, 138
Chillida, Eduardo, 273
Chrome ore, 67
Churchill, Winston, 147
Climate change, 265
Clinton, Bill
pardon of Marc Rich. See Clinton pardon
Barak’s support for, 246–47
Holder’s role in, 255–57
Marc Rich on, 261–63
motivation of President Clinton for, 257–60
organizing for, 242–46
Peres’ support for, 247–50
tax bargain, 260–61
Clinton Wars, The (Blumenthal), 249
Club of Rome, 14
Cobuco (Compagnie Burundaise de Commerce), 181–83
Collateral, 79–90
Coltan, 274
Commodities trading (traders). See also Marc Rich + Co. AG; Philipp Brothers
invention of oil spot market, 83–86
knowledge as power in, 70–72
short-term vs. long-term thinking, 175–76
Compagnie française des pétroles (CFP), 58
Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, 191
Consejo de Administración de Las Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, 43, 49–50
Conyers, John, 164
Corporación Estatal Petrolera Ecuatoriana (CEPE), 81
Corruption
in countries rich in oil and gas, 15
in Nigeria, 100
in Nigeria and Zaire, 178
purported, 178
Costello, Frank, 108
Credit Suisse, 76
Crovitz, Gordon, 139–40
Angola and, 184
Marc Rich assignment, 46–47
Cuba Metales, 84
Currency market, 57
Cyr, David P., 201
Dagli, 189–90
Dauphin, Claude, 228–29
Dean, John W., 122
Defense Department, U.S., 86
Democracy, 269–70
De Niro, Robert, 36
Desco Shoe Corporation, 214
De Weck, Pierre, 246
Diamond trade, 27
Dictators, dealing with, 194–96
Dictum meum pactum, 87
Dien Bien Phu, 37
Die Weltwoche, 128
Dinkins, David, 112
on Gisela Rossi, 219–20
on loyalty of Marc Rich, 78
Donovan, Donald S., 162
Economist, 130–31
Edward I of England, 39
E. F. Swinney Elementary School, 33
Egypt
reconciliation between Israel and, 198–200
Yom Kippur War, 71–72
Eisenberg, Gery Diamant, 214
El-Baz, Osama, 200
Elf Aquitaine, 80
Emerging markets, 50–51
Engelhard Mineral & Chemicals, 73
Eritrea, 204–5
Esso, 55–57
Estermann, Josef, 246
Ethics, 274–76
Ethiopia, 204–5
“Extraordinary rendition,” 153
Faust (Goethe), 275
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 106, 107–8, 154, 158–59, 162–65
Federer, Roger, 105–6
Fenton, Alan, 191
Ferraro, Geraldine, 250
Ferrarone, Don, 151–53
Feuchtwanger, Lion, 25
“Final cut privilege,” 3–4
Fink, Robert F., 5
death of Marc Rich’s daughter Gabrielle and, 211
on trust and Marc Rich, 87–88
Finland, 161
Ford, Gerald R., 111
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, 178
Forest Hills High School, 36
For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway), 23–24
Fourth Council of the Lateran, 39
Fox, Elaine, 33
Foxman, Abraham, 246
France, 86–87
“Frankie” (song), 218
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 209–10
Freud, Sigmund, 25
Fuggers, The, 50
Future according to Marc Rich, 264–71
Gabrielle Rich Leukemia Research Centre, 253–54
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 136
alleged “sham transactions” by Marc Rich and, 120–22
on Clinton pardon of Marc Rich, 242
legal obstruction by Marc Rich and, 139–41
political aspects of case against Marc Rich, 141–43
Swiss government and Marc Rich, 125–34
unconditional surrender of Marc Rich, 123–24
Glencore International AG, 235
Global warming, 265
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 275
Goldman Sachs, 175
Gold standard, 57
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 158
Grand Hotel Dolder (Zurich), 167–70
Gray, John, 275
Greatest strength of Marc Rich, 19–20
Green, Israel, 61
Green, Libby, 61
founding of Marc Rich + Company, 73–76
Green, Sadie, 61
Griffel, Anita, 197
Griffel, Tali, 197–200
Grotenrath, Mary Jo, 162
Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 45–46
Gulf War, 155
Harkin, Tom, 250
Hart, Hugh, 188
Harvard Business School, 85
Heartfield, John, 19
Hefner, Hugh, 108
Hemingway, Ernest, 23–24
“High-trust” societies, 87
Hoffmann-La Roche, 235
Holder, Eric, 255–57
House Committee on Government Reform, 2, 16, 17, 137–38, 165–66, 177–78, 250–51, 255–57
Hull, Cordell, 31
Hunt for Marc Rich, 151–66
Ibárruri Gómez, Dolores, 23–24
IMF (International Monetary Fund), 186–87
Immigrant mentality, 18
Indonesia, 54
Industrial espionage, 78–79
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 186–87
International Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (IMAC), 126–27, 284n
Red Notice, 133–34
Khomeini’s return, 93–95
Monsieur Ndolo and, 182–83
nationalization of oil fields, 57–58
oil shock of 1979, 97–102
Rich as informal mediator between Israel and, 207–8
Yom Kippur War, 70–72
Iraq War, 265
Isikoff, Michael, 241–42
Islamist fundamentalism, 270–71
Israel
daughter Gabrielle’s grave in, 212–13
reconciliation between Egypt and, 198–200
Rich as informal mediator between Iran and, 207–8
Spain and Franco and, 50
terrorist attack (1985), 197–98
Yom Kippur War, 71–72
Jaffe, Amy Myers, 104
Jagger, Mick, 7
James Baker Institute, 104
Japan, 87
Jewish Diaspora, 39–40
John Templeton Foundation, 275
Jones, Geoffrey, 85
Juan Carlos I of Spain, 246
Justice Department, U.S., 106–24, 128, 135–36, 151–59, 167–73, 200–201, 244–45
Kansas City, Missouri, 33–34
Kekst, Gershon, 244
Kennedy, Edward, 250
Kennedy, John F., 11
Khomeini, Ruhollah Musavi, 93–104
business dealings with Marc Rich, 98–102
return to Iran, 93–95
Khuzestan, 91
Kissinger, Henry A., 111
Korngold, Eric “Maxie,” 34–35
Kristallnacht, 26
Kroll, Inc., 158
Laingen, Bruce, 95–96
Landes, David S., 27
Lang, Josef, 162–63
Lebedkin, Max, 221–22
Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris), 10
Lehman Brothers, 175
Levi, Michael, 142
Liberalization, 267
Limits to Growth (Club of Rome), 14
Little Caesar (movie), 122
Lodish, Alvin D., 130
Long-term vs. short-term thinking, 175–76
“Low-trust” societies, 86–87
Lucas, George, 111
Lynch, Gerard E., 170–71
McCarthy, Joseph, 108
MacDonald, J. Ross, 131
Machain, Humberto Álvarez, 153
Madrid, Spain, 48–51
Maier, Harold G., 131
Mallory, George, 236–37
Mandela, Nelson, 196
Manley, Michael, 185–87
Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong), 43
business with Ayatollah Khomeini, 98–102
the case against Marc Rich and, 106–24
defections from, 228–29
as defense contractor, 86
departure of Marc Rich, 232–35
founding of, 75–79
invention of spot market, 83–86
operating philosophy of, 82–83
as pioneer of globalization, 89–91
risk level and, 82–83
secrets of success, 174–96
trust and, 86–88
vendetta against Philipp Brothers and, 78–79
zinc market, 225–27
Marc Rich + Co. Investment AG, 236
Marc Rich Foundation, 248–50
Mariam, Mengistu Haile, 204–5
Marseille, France, 29–30
Marx, Karl, 14
Maugeri, Leonardo, 277n
Mehrabad International Airport, 93
Meir, Golda, 64–65
Melekh, Igor, 108
Melrose Bag & Burlap Company, 35
Metallgesellschaft AG, 226–27
Metals trade, 38–39
Metal Traders of the World, 11
Microsoft, 14
Mikulski, Barbara, 250
Milgrim, Thomajan & Lee, 113–14
Minoil, 191–92
Morgan Stanley, 175
Morocco, 30–31
Moses, 64
MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola), 183–85
Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, 95–96
My Life (Clinton), 11
Namibia, 181
National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), 65–67, 79–80, 92, 98–102, 117, 145, 177, 190, 207–8
Nationalizations of oil industry, 57–58
National Review, 242
“Ndolo, Monsieur,” 181–83
Neale, Alan, 131–32
Ness, Eliot, 138
Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 128
Newsweek, 241–42
New York Department of Taxation and Finance, 260–61
New York University, 36
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), 100
9/11 Commission, 203
NIOC (National Iranian Oil Company), 65–67, 79–80, 92, 98–102, 117, 145, 177, 190, 207–8
North Korea, 35
Nuclear energy, 265
Nuremberg Laws, 25–26
Obama, Barack, 266
Obermaier, Otto G., 168–71
October Revolution (1917), 61
Oil nationalizations, 57–58
Oil price per barrel
38.5
to 55.1
2.00, 14
globalization of, 89–91
nationalizations and, 57–58
price controls, 117–20
Seven Sisters oligopoly and, 55–57
shock of 1979, 97–102
OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), 57–58, 67, 70–71, 72
Operation Magic Carpet, 205–6
Operation Moses, 204
Ortega, Daniel, 179
Oslo Accords, 247–49
Otford Project, 154
Outsider status of Marc Rich, 32–33
Pahlavi, Ashraf, Princess, 217
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza (Shah of Iran), 64–67, 90–91, 92, 94, 96, 102–3, 190–91
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 50
“Paradox of plenty,” 15
Paribas, 80
Perkins, Richard, 100–101
Permissible average markup (PAM), 118–19
Persian Gulf, 54–55
Petty Gem Shop, 34
Philip IV of France, 39
Philipp, Julius, 38
Philipp, Oscar, 38
Philipp Brothers, 36–51
creating a market, 42–43
Cuba assignment, 45–47
departure of Marc Rich and Pinky Green, 73–74
Madrid assignment, 48–51
sensitive assignments, 44–45
vendetta against, 78–79
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), 50
Pogroms, 39
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 183–85
Prestige, 231
Price per barrel
38.5
Princeton University, 106
Private life of the Riches, 209–24
Przemy
l, Poland, 26
Pyrite, 46–47
Qaddafi, Muammar, 17
Quinn, Jack, 5
Clinton pardon and, 239–41, 243–46, 249, 251–52, 254, 255–56, 258–59
negotiations about Marc Rich case, 170–71
Quirós, Antonio, 48–49
Qurei, Ahmed, 248
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO), 110, 122–23, 135–36, 139–40
Rand, Ayn, 180–81
Ras Burqa attack, 197–200
“Rational egoism,” 180
Ratliff, David, 107
Ravenswood Aluminum Corporation, 230–31
Realpolitik, 203–8
Reichmuth, Karl, 18
Religious fundamentalism, 270–71
Renationalization, 268
Renewable energy, 264–65
Rhodes Preparatory School, 36
blind date with Marc Rich, 213–15
daughter Gabrielle’s cancer and, 209–12
family values of, 215–17
flight to Switzerland, 109–10
in Madrid, 48
songwriting of, 217–18
Rich, Marc
ambition of, 16–17
birth of, 27–28
case against. See United States of America v. Marc Rich, Pincus Green, et al.
citizenship of Israel and Spain, 110
future according to, 264–71
greatest strength of, 19–20
the hunt for, 151–66
pardon of. See Clinton pardon
scapegoating of, 145–46
secret meeting in Switzerland with, 168–71
Rich Merchandising, 34
RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations), 110, 122–23, 135–36, 139–40
Robinson, Edward G., 122
Rockefeller, John D., 80
Rodríguez Lara, Guillermo, 81
Romania, 68
Rosenberg, David, 225–27
Roth, Arthur, 260–61
Ruiz, Dolores “Lola,” 23–24
Ruoho, Pertti, 161
Safe conduct, 212
Safire, William, 242
Salinger, Pierre, 11
Sand, Leonard, 113–15
Sandinistas, 179
Santiago de Compostela, 214–15
Sayan, 208
Scapegoating of Marc Rich, 145–46
Schumer, Charles, 250
Seaga, Edward, 188–89
Secret meeting with Marc Rich, 168–71
Seghers, Anna, 25
Selma (German nanny), 28–29
Senchukov, Boris, 162
Serpa Pinto, 31–32
Shah of Iran (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi), 64–67, 90–91, 92, 94, 96, 102–3, 190–91
Shamir, Yitzhak, 103
Shin Bet, 158
Short-term vs. long-term thinking, 175–76
Sidec Overseas, 34
Sinclair, Upton, 25
Sister Sledge, 218
Sonangol (Sociedade Nacional de Combustiveis de Angola), 184–85
Sonatrach, 178
Southern District of New York, 105, 111–17, 120–21, 134–39, 167–71, 243, 255
South Korea, 35
Southwest High School, 33
Spot oil market, 1–2, 13–14, 56, 70, 71–73, 82, 83–86, 101–2
State Department, U.S., 110, 115, 131, 153–54, 165–66, 198–203
“Steamer trunk affair,” 113–14
Stiener, Richard C., 152
Strait of Hormuz, 65–66
Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 86
Subprime mortgage crisis, 22–23
Superdotado, 19
Supply-side economics, 77
Survivor mentality, 31–32
Suvretta House (St. Moritz), 7–8
Sweet Pain of Love, 218
Swiss Federal Act on International Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (IMAC), 126–27, 284n
Swiss Office for Police Matters, 128–29
“Sympathy for the Devil” (song), 7
Taba Summit, 259
Tachkemoni School, 28
Tapies, Antony, 10
Tax evasion and fraud, 8–9, 116–17, 125–28, 136–37, 145–47, 167–71
Texaco, 55–57
Thomajan, Bob, 110
Time (magazine), 137
Torre de Madrid, 49
Trade liberalization, 267
Trader principle, 180–81
Trans-Asiatic Oil Ltd., 65–66
“Transfer pricing,” 145
Trillin, Calvin, 33–34
Trust (Fukuyama), 86–87
Tucholsky, Kurt, 25
Turkey, 82
20/20 (TV program), 254
UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola), 183–85
United Nations Human Rights Commission, 199
United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, 231–32
United Nations Security Council, 191
United States of America v. Marc Rich, Pincus Green, et al., 116–43
alleged “sham transactions” and, 120–22
announcement of case, 116–17
five flaws of case, 135–39
obstructive strategy of Marc Rich, 139–41
oil price control and, 117–20
overview of case, 117–22
presumed innocent and, 134–35
Swiss government and extradition, 125–34
United Steelworkers of America, 230–31
Vanderbilt University Law School, 106
Van der Walt, Piet, 192
Vanity Fair, 242
Vesco, Robert, 108
Vietnam, 269
Vietnam War, 37
“Vindictive time,” 172–73
Walters, Barbara, 254
Ward, Don, 162
Warhol, Andy, 209
War on Terror, 153
“We Are Family” (song), 218
alleged “sham transactions” by Marc Rich and, 120–22
on anti-Semitism and Marc Rich, 18
background of, 106
on death of Marc Rich’s daughter Gabrielle, 212
investigation of Marc Rich, 106–8
refusal to settle case, 108–9
subpoenaing of Marc Rich documents, 112–14
Swiss government and Marc Rich, 130–32
Weinberger, Caspar W., 141
Weiss, Manny, 228–29
Weizmann Institute of Science, 253–54
Westport Junior High School, 33
Whitewater, 258
Wicki, André A., 5, 109, 123, 129, 132–33, 140, 168–71, 255–56
Wilson, Edwin, 153
Wilson, Valerie Plame, 171
Wind energy, 265
Wise, Robert, 231
Wise, Robert E., 164
World War I, 26
Yeltsin, Boris, 158
Yemen, 205–7
Yeshil Management AG, 66–67
Yom Kippur War, 71–72
Ziegler, Jean, 164
Zimbabwe, 269
Zinc, 226–27