Notes
PROLOGUE
1. London, British Library, MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 11r; The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 4.
2. Earl of Hertford and Sir Anthony Browne to Sir William Paget, 29 January 1547, London, The National Archives, SP 10/1/1.
3. Tudor Royal Proclamations, ed. by P. L. Hughes and J. F. Larkin, 3 vols (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1964–9), I, p. 381.
1. ‘A PRINCE BORN TO KING HARRY THE EIGHT’
1. London, British Library, MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 11r; The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 3.
2. MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 2r; Hugh Latimer to Thomas Cromwell, 19 October 1537, Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth, ed. by John Gough Nichols, Roxburghe Club, 2 vols (London: J. B. Nichols and Sons, 1857), I, p. xxiii.
3. Literary Remains, I, pp. xxvii–xxx.
4. London, The National Archives, SP 1/133, fol. 240r (Literary Remains, I, pp. xxxvii–xxxviii); Lady Bryan to Cromwell, March 1539, SP 1/156, fol. 118r (Literary Remains, I, pp. xxxvii–xxxviii).
5. Baron Audley to Cromwell, 8 September 1538, SP 1/136, fol. 86r (Literary Remains, I, pp. xxxvi–xxxvii).
6. Simon Thurley, The Royal Palaces of Tudor England (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993), pp. 80–81; SP 1/136, fol. 86r.
7. Susan Foister, Holbein in England (London: Tate Publishing, 2006), pp. 98–9.
8. Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 1530–1630, ed. by Karen Hearn (London: Tate Publishing, 1995), p. 41; Foister, p. 100; Tracey Sowerby, Renaissance and Reform in Tudor England: The Careers of Sir Richard Morison c. 1513–1556 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 137.
2. ‘HE WAS BROUGHT UP IN LEARNING’
1. London, British Library, MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 11r; The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 3.
2. Attributed to Sir William Petre, in Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster (London: John Day, 1570), sig. B1v.
3. Roger Ascham, Toxophilus (London: Edward Whitchurch, 1545), sig. I2r.
4. London, Lambeth Palace Library, shelf mark [ZZ]1540. 4; Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth, ed. by John Gough Nichols, Roxburghe Club, 2 vols (London: J. B. Nichols and Sons, 1857), I, pp. xxa–xxb.
5. Dr Richard Cox to Sir William Paget, 10 December 1544, SP 1/195, fols 201r–202r; Ascham, Scholemaster, sig. B1v.
6. Prince Edward to Cox, 3 June 1546, Letters of the Kings of England, ed. by James Orchard Halliwell, 2 vols (London: Colburn, 1848), II, pp. 10–11; Prince Edward to Cox, 13 September 1546, Literary Remains, II, pp. 18–19; monostichs of Dionysius Cato, Minor Latin Poets, ed. by J. W. Duff and A. M. Duff (London: William Heinemann, 1934), pp. 585–642.
7. Ascham, Scholemaster, sig. B1v.
8. Prince Edward to Cox, 13 September 1546, Literary Remains, II, pp. 18–19; Prince Edward to Cox, 11 March 1546, Literary Remains, I, p. 5; Letters, II, pp. 5–6.
9. Prince Edward to Henry VIII, 20 June 1546, Letters, II, pp. 11–12 (Literary Remains, I, pp. 17–18); Prince Edward to Queen Katherine [18 June 1545], MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 6r; Katherine Parr: Complete Works and Correspondence, ed. by Janel Mueller (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), p. 86.
10. Prince Edward to Queen Katherine, 10 June 1546, Katherine Parr, pp. 117–18.
11. Prince Edward to Henry VIII, 4 July 1546, Letters, II, p. 14 (Literary Remains, I, p. 20).
12. Katherine Parr, pp. 119–20.
13. Edward Hall, The union of the two noble and illustre famelies of Lancastre [and] Yorke, rev. by Richard Grafton (London: Richard Grafton, 1548), Henry VIII fol. 262v (sig. XXX4v).
14. Prince Edward to Henry VIII, 4 September 1546, Literary Remains, I, p. 24; Prince Edward to Queen Katherine, 20 September 1546, Katherine Parr, p. 121.
15. Prince Edward to Bishop George Day, 25 January 1547, Literary Remains, I, pp. 37–8 (Letters, II, pp. 24–5); Prince Edward to Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, 24 January 1547, Literary Remains, I, p. 36 (Letters, II, pp. 23–4).
16. Prince Edward to Princess Mary, 7 November 1546, Letters, II, pp. 19–20 (Literary Remains, I, pp. 29–30); Prince Edward to Princess Mary, 10 January 1547, Letters, II, p. 22 (Literary Remains, I, pp. 32–3).
17. Tudor Royal Proclamations, ed. by P. L. Hughes and J. F. Larkin, 3 vols (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1964–9), I, p. 381.
18. London, The National Archives, PC 2/2, fols 1–9 (31 January 1547), 9–11 (1 February 1547).
19. PC 2/2, fols 48–57 (quotation at fols 48–9).
20. Princess Elizabeth to Edward VI, 14 February 1547, Elizabeth I: Autograph Compositions and Foreign Language Originals, ed. by Janel Mueller and Leah S. Marcus (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), pp. 12–13.
3. ‘TO BEAR RULE, AS OTHER KINGS DO’
1. Sir Michael Stanhope to Sir Thomas Cawarden, 5 February 1548, Washington, DC, Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b. 290; Documents relating to the Revels at Court in the time of King Edward VI and Queen Mary, ed. by Albert Feuillerat (Louvain: A. Uystpruyst, 1914; Nendeln: Kraus Reprint, 1968), p. 33.
2. Thomas Wilson, The Arte of Rhetorique (London: Richard Grafton, 1553), sigs b4v–c1r; The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), pp. 31–2.
3. London, British Library, MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 11r (Chronicle, p. 3); Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster (London: John Day, 1570), fol. 52r (sig. P4r).
4. Roger Ascham to Sir William Cecil, 27 September 1552, London, British Library, MS Lansdowne 3, fol. 3v.
5. Elizabeth I: Collected Works, ed. by Leah S. Marcus, Janel Mueller and Mary Beth Rose (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002 edn), pp. 15–16; Elizabeth I: Autograph Compositions and Foreign Language Originals, ed. by Janel Mueller and Leah S. Marcus (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), pp. 14–15.
6. John Fowler’s deposition, January 1547, London, The National Archives, SP 10/6/10 (fol. 24r–v); Edward VI to Queen Katherine, 25 June 1547, Katherine Parr: Complete Works and Correspondence, ed. by Janel Mueller (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), pp. 147–8.
7. SP 10/6/10 (fols 24v–25v).
8. John Cheke’s deposition, 20 February 1548, SP 10/6/26.
9. Edward VI’s deposition, January 1547, A Collection of State Papers, ed. by Samuel Haynes (London: William Bowyer, 1740), p. 74 (Hertfordshire, Hatfield House Library, Cecil Papers 150/51); John Fowler to Lord Seymour of Sudeley, 19 July 1548, SP 10/4/31; Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth, ed. by John Gough Nichols, Roxburghe Club, 2 vols (London: J. B. Nichols and Sons, 1857), I, pp. 60–62.
4. ‘METHINKS I AM IN PRISON’
1. 9 June 1548, London, The National Archives, SP 10/4/14.
2. London, British Library, MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 14r–v (quotation at fol. 14v); The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), pp. 9–10.
3. Sermons by Hugh Latimer, ed. by George Elwes Corrie, Parker Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1844), pp. 85, 131, 161.
4. ‘The Letters of William, Lord Paget of Beaudesert, 1547–1563’, ed. by Barrett L. Beer and Sybil M. Jack, Camden Miscellany XXV, Camden Society, 4th ser., 13 (1974), pp. 30–32.
5. Sir William Paget to the Duke of Somerset, 8 May 1549, London, The National Archives, SP 10/7/5.
6. MS Cotton Nero C X, fols 14v-15r (Chronicle, pp. 12–13).
7. A message sent by the kynges Majestie, to certain of his people, assembled in Devonshire (London: Richard Grafton, 1549), sig. B5r–v; The Remains of Thomas Cranmer, D. D., ed. by Henry Jenkyns, 2 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1833), II, pp. 245–73; John Cheke, The hurt of sedicion (London: John Day, 1549), sig. B8r.
8. MS Cotton Nero B X, fol. 16v (Chronicle, p. 17).
9. Edward VI to the Privy Council in London, 8 October 1549, SP 10/9/24.
10. Draft of the Privy Council to Princess Mary and Princess Elizabeth, 9 October 1549, SP 10/9/33.
11. London, The National Archives, PC 2/3, fols 8–10.
12. Archbishop Cranmer, Sir William Paget and Sir Anthony Wingfield to the Privy Council, 11 October 1549, SP 10/9/42.
13. MS Cotton Nero B X, fol. 17r (Chronicle, p. 19).
14. MS Cotton Nero B X, fol. 17r (Chronicle, p. 19).
15. Robert Graves, I, Claudius (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1986), p. 63.
16. Chronicle, pp. 36–7.
5. ‘A CHALLENGE MADE BY ME’
1. Privy Purse expenses, January 1550–January 1552, London, The National Archives, E 101/426/8; T. A. Birrell, English Monarchs and their Books: From Henry VII to Charles II (London: British Library, 1987), pp. 13–14; Werner L. Gundersheimer, The Life and Works of Louis Le Roy, Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance, 83 (Geneva: Droz, 1966), pp. 11–13.
2. E 101/426/8.
3. W. R. Streitberger, Court Revels, 1485–1559 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994), chapter 8.
4. Privy Council warrant to Sir Thomas Cawarden, 8 January 1550, Washington, DC, Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b. 275; Documents relating to the Revels at Court in the time of King Edward VI and Queen Mary, ed. by Albert Feuillerat (Louvain: A. Uystpruyst, 1914; Nendeln: Kraus Reprint, 1968), pp. 26, 47–9; E 101/426/8; Streitberger, pp. 285–94.
5. The Report of the Royal Commission of 1552, ed. by W. C. Richardson (Morgantown: West Virginia University Library, 1974), p. 117; Revels, pp. 41, 49; Paul S. Needham, ‘John Cheke at Cambridge and court’ (unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, 1971), pp. 201–2, 207.
6. Birrell, p. 13; Pierre Du Ploiche, A treatise in English and Frenche right necessary and proffitable for al young children (London: Richard Grafton, 1551), esp. sig. E3r–v.
7. Robert Recorde, The pathway to knowledg, containing the first principles of geometrie (London: Reynold Wolfe, 1551); Birrell, pp. 14–15.
8. Andrew Johnston, ‘William Paget and the late-Henrician polity’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004), p. 39; Simon Thurley, Whitehall Palace (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1999), pp. 63–4; Royal Commission, p. 126 n. 589; Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth, ed. by John Gough Nichols, Roxburghe Club, 2 vols (London: J. B. Nichols and Sons, 1857), I, pp. xxb–c, describing the horary quadrant, British Museum MLA 1858, 8–21,1; Humphrey Cole: Mint, Measurement and Maps in Elizabethan England, ed. by Silke Ackermann, British Museum Occasional Paper, 126 (London: British Museum, 1998), esp. pp. 29–69.
9. E. R. Adair, ‘William Thomas’, in Tudor Studies, ed. by R. W. Seton-Watson (London: Longmans, Green, 1924), pp. 133–60.
10. The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 25; London, The British Library, MS Egerton 837 (to Henry, Duke of Suffolk) and MS Royal 17 C X, quotation at fols 1r–2v (to Edward VI).
11. Felix Raab, The English Face of Machiavelli (London and Toronto: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964), p. 42.
12. William Thomas, The historie of Italie (London: Thomas Berthelet, 1549), fol. 140r (sig. Oor); Raab, pp. 40–48; MS Cotton B II, fols 2r–31v; Abraham d’Aubant, Works of William Thomas (London: for J. Almon, 1774).
13. MS Cotton Titus B II, fol. 90r.
14. Chronicle, p. 57; Streitberger, p. 289.
15. Chronicle, pp. 68–9.
16. Chronicle, pp. 70–71.
17. Chronicle, pp. 72–3.
18. Chronicle, pp. 73–5, quotation at p. 73.
19. Sir William Pickering to the Privy Council, 27 October 1551, London, The National Archives, SP 68/9/95.
6. ‘MY DEVICE FOR THE SUCCESSION’
1. Documents Relating to the Revels at Court in the time of King Edward VI and Queen Mary, ed. by Albert Feuillerat (Louvain: A. Uystpruyst, 1914; Nendeln: Kraus Reprint, 1968), p. 145; W. R. Streitberger, Court Revels, 1485–1559 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994), p. 293.
2. Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth, ed. by John Gough Nichols, Roxburghe Club, 2 vols (London: J. B. Nichols and Sons, 1857), I, p. clxxxv.
3. Sir William Petre to Sir William Cecil, 7 May 1553, A Collection of State Papers, ed. by Samuel Haynes (London: William Bowyer, 1740), p. 149 (Hertfordshire, Hatfield House, Cecil Papers 151/103).
4. Sir Philip Hoby to Sir William Cecil, 25 June 1553, State Papers, p. 154 (Cecil Papers 198/49–50).
5. A Prayer sayd in the kinges Chappell in the tyme of hys graces Sicknes (London: William Copland, 1553).
6. Statutes of the Realm, ed. by A. Luders and others, 11 vols (London: George Eyre and Andrew Strahan, 1810–28), III, pp. 955–8.
7. London, The Inner Temple, Petyt MS 538/47, fol. 317.
8. The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI, ed. by W. K. Jordan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 55.
9. Edward VI to Barnaby Fitzpatrick, 20 December 1551, Literary Remains, I, pp. 70–71; Chronicle, p. 107.
10. Draft of Edward VI to Richard, Baron Rich, 1 October 1551, London, The National Archives, SP 10/13/55; London, British Library, MS Cotton Nero C X, fol. 43r (Chronicle, p. 84).
11. Washington, DC, Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b. 503.
12. Literary Remains, I, p. cxcix.
13. ‘The Accompte of Sir Edwarde Waldegrave’ ed. by Craven Ord, Archaeologia, 12 (January 1794), pp. 334–96 (quotation at p. 335).
14. Literary Remains, I, p. ccxl.