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GLOSSARY

Acolyte: a devoted follower or attendant

Alb: a long-sleeved, white priestly garment

Bailiff: the agent of the lord of a manor who collects rents and administers the local laws

Ballock dagger: a knife distinguished by two rounded prominences or ballocks (balls) that serve as a guard

Canonical hours: periods of the day set aside for prayer or devotion

Canterbury: city in southern England whose cathedral houses the popular shrine of St. Thomas à Becket, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the primary church prelate in England

Compline: closing prayers of the evening, one of the canonical hours

Cottar: one who held no land in his or her own right

Cowl: the hood or hooded robe worn especially by a monk

Croft: a small, enclosed field or pasture near a house

Farthing: a coin worth one-quarter of a penny

Gallows: a device usually consisting of two upright posts supporting a crossbeam from which a noose is suspended and used for execution by hanging Glaives: long poles with sharp blades attached

Hamlet: a small village

Heretic: one who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma

Holy Church: the principal Christian religion in Europe, headed by the Pope in Rome, Italy, prior to the divisions brought on by the Protestant Reformation

Infidel: an unbeliever with respect to a particular religion, especially Christianity or Islam

Kirtle: a tunic or coat for men; or, a long gown or dress for women

Matins: the first prayers of the day, one of the canonical hours

Mazer: a large drinking bowl made of wood

Mercenary: someone hired for service in a foreign army

Millrace: a canal in which the fast-moving stream of water flows to drive the mill wheel

Moot: an assembly of people exercising administrative and judicial powers

Mummer: an actor, especially a pantomimist

None: the fifth of the canonical hours, in midafternoon

Palfrey: a saddle horse, especially one for a woman to ride

Patten: a clog, sandal, or overshoe with a thick wooden sole

Portcullis: a grating of iron or wooden bars or slats, suspended in the gateway of a fortified place and lowered to block passage

Privy: an outdoor toilet Reeve: a bailiff or steward of a manor

Serf: a person who is bound in servitude to the land; the lowest position in feudal society

Smote: the past tense of smite: to inflict a heavy blow on, with the hand, a tool, or a weapon

Solar: a loft or upper chamber; a garret room

Spinney: a small grove of trees

Steward: one who manages another’s property, finances, or other affairs

Tonsure: the part of the cleric’s head, usually the crown, left bare by shaving

Trencher: a wooden board or platter on which food is carved or served

Vespers: a worship service held in the late afternoon or evening

Villein: one of a class of feudal serfs who held the legal status of freemen in their dealings with all people except their lord