Machiavelli, Nicolo, 1

Magna (merchant galley), 1, 2

Magno, Vicenzo, 1

Malamocco, 1

Malatesta, Galeotto, 1

Malatesta, Sigismondo (the Wolf of Rimini), 1, 2

Malipiero, Domenico:

on battle between vultures and crows, 1;

on fall of Negroponte, 1;

galley commander, 1;

on Zonchio battle, 1, 2, 3, 4

Malipiero, Zuam, 1

Mamluks:

ceremonial, 1;

counterstrike against crusades, 1;

decline, 1;

fall of Acre, 1;

military slaves, 1;

Ottoman comparison, 1;

Ottoman threat, 1, 2;

papal ban on trade, 1, 2;

pigeon post, 1;

spice trade, 1;

Venetian diplomacy, 1;

Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

Venice relations, 1, 2, 3

Manuel I, Emperor, 1, 2

Marcello, Alvise, 1, 2, 3, 4

Marcello, Bartolomeo, 1

March Pact (1204), 1, 2

Mark, St:

banner of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

body of, 1, 2, 3, 4;

emblem, 1;

lion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Martin, Abbot of Pairis, 1, 2

Maruffo, Matteo, 1, 2, 3

Matteo of Naplion, 1

Mayr, Joseph de, 1

Mehmet II, Sultan:

accession, 1;

advance on remnants of Byzantine empire, 1, 2;

advance on Venice, 1;

ambitions, 1;

appearance, 1;

assault on Negroponte, 1;

blockade of Constantinople, 1;

capture of Constantinople, 1, 2;

capture of Negroponte, 1;

character, 1, 2;

conquests, 1, 2, 3;

death, 1, 2;

health, 1;

invasion of Italy, 1;

land warfare, 1;

Negroponte visit, 1;

papal response to, 1, 2;

threat to Negroponte, 1;

Venetian diplomacy, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

Venetian plots against, 1;

Venetian war against, 1, 2, 3

mercenaries:

at Chioggia, 1;

Dalmatian, 1;

eastern Mediterranean, 1;

English, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

hired by Venice, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

Milanese, 1;

Veronese, 1, 2

Mestre, 1, 2

Michael VIII, Emperor, 1, 2

Milan, Peace of (1299), 1

Milletus, Greek monk, 1

Milos, 1, 2

Minotto, Girolamo, 1, 2, 3

Mocenigo, Pietro, 1, 2

Mocenigo, Tommaso, Doge, 1

Modon:

Cretan rebels, 1, 2;

harbour, 1, 2;

Ottoman capture, 1;

Ottoman threat, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

pilgrim route, 1;

strategic importance, 1, 2;

Venetian administration, 1, 2, 3, 4;

Venetian colony, 1, 2, 3;

Venetian fleet, 1;

Venetian trade, 1

Monemvasia, 1

Mongols, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Moro, Cristoforo, Doge, 1, 2

Morosini, Francesco, 1

Morosini, Ruggiero (Malabranca), 1

muda (convoy), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Mudazzo, Jacobo, 1

Mugla, 1

Murat I, Sultan, 1

Murat II, Sultan, 1, 2, 3

Murtzuphlus, see Alexius V Ducas

Muslims:

Acre, 1;

Constantinople community, 1, 2;

Mamluk sultanate, 1, 2;

Venetian trade, 1;

view of Genoese, 1

Mykonos, 1, 2

Naplion, 1, 2

Napoleon, 1

Narenta River, 1

Naxos, 1, 2, 3

Negroponte:

arsenal, 1;

bailo, 1, 2;

bridge, 1, 2, 3, 4;

Capello’s death, 1, 2;

Church of St Mark, 1;

Cretan rebels, 1;

da Canal’s appointment, 1;

defences, 1;

Genoese threat, 1, 2, 3;

geography, 1;

Mehmet’s visit, 1;

Ottoman capture, 1, 2, 3, 4;

Ottoman raids, 1, 2, 3;

Ottoman siege, 1;

Ottoman threat, 1, 2, 3;

plague, 1;

strategic importance, 1, 2, 3;

trade route, 1;

Venetian administration, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

Venetian colony, 1, 2;

Venetian refugees, 1;

Zeno’s position, 1

Nicholas Kannavos, 1, 2

Nicopolis, battle of (1396), 1

Nymphaion, Treaty of (1261), 1

oarsmen, see galeotti

Omar, Haji, 1

Orfano canal, 1

Orhan, Sultan, 1

Orseolo, Pietro II, Doge, 1, 2, 3

Orthodox Church:

Aegean Greeks, 1;

Byzantine, 1, 2;

Crete, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

Fourth Crusade views of, 1, 2, 3, 4;

papal views of, 1, 2;

religious treasures, 1;

Venetian policies, 1, 2

Otranto, 1

Ottomans:

advance, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

advance on Constantinople, 1, 2, 3;

civil war, 1;

crusade against (1396), 1;

crusade call (1440s), 1;

Dardanelles crossing, 1, 2;

fleets, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;

Gallipoli naval battle, 1;

Genoese relations, 1, 2, 3;

Mamluk comparison, 1;

Negroponte siege, 1;

Venice relations, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

victory over Mamluks, 1;

Zonchio battle, 1

Padua, Paduans:

abandon Brondolo, 1;

advance on Venice, 1;

alliance against Venice, 1, 2, 3;

blockade of Treviso, 1, 2;

blockade of Venice, 1;

capture of Chioggia, 1;

celebration of naval victory, 1;

Chioggia battle, 1;

dispute with Genoese, 1;

military secrets kept from, 1;

prisoners from fall of Chioggia, 1;

siege of Mestre, 1;

supplies for allies, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

Venice relations, 1, 2

Paiva, Afonso de, 1

Pandora (round ship), 1, 2

Pasti, Matteo de’, 1

Patras, 1, 2, 3

Paul II, Pope, 1, 2

Paul, St, 1

Pegolotti, Francesco, 1

Peloponnese:

Ottoman advance, 1, 2, 3;

Sapienza battle, 1;

trade route, 1;

Venetian invasion, 1;

Venetian presence, 1, 2, 3

pepper:

Acre trade, 1;

Crete trade, 1;

Indian cultivation, 1, 2;

prices, 1, 2, 3;

trade routes, 1;

Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Permarino, Paladino, 1

Pesaro, Benedetto, 1, 2, 3

Peter II, king of Cyprus, 1

Peter of Amiens, 1, 2

Petrarch, Francesco:

on celebrations of victory over Cretan rebels, 1;

house in Venice, 1, 2;

on ship’s departure from Venice, 1, 2, 3, 4;

on Venetian trade, 1;

on Venetians’ thirst for wealth, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Philip de Montfort, 1

Philip of Swabia, king of Germany, 1

Pietra del Bando, 1

pilgrims:

Alexandria, 1;

conditions on voyages, 1, 2, 3;

fares, 1;

Fourth Crusade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

travel experiences, 1, 2, 3;

Venice attractions, 1;

Venice departure, 1, 2;

Venetian ships, 1, 2, 3, 4

pirates:

Adriatic Sea, 1;

Catalan, 1, 2, 3;

Crete, 1, 2, 3;

Croat, 1;

Cyclades, 1, 2;

defences against, 1, 2;

Genoese, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

hunting, 1, 2, 3;

Turkish, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

Venice–Genoa wars, 1, 2, 3, 4

Pires, Tome, 1

Pisa, Pisans:

Acre community, 1;

colonies, 1;

Constantinople community, 1, 2, 3, 4;

Constantinople trading rights, 1, 2, 3, 4;

defence of Acre, 1;

Egypt trade, 1;

Genoese rivalry, 1;

trade with Islamic world, 1;

Zara relations, 1

Pisani, Alvise, 1

Pisani, Nicolo, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Pisani, Vettor:

captainof the sea, 1, 2;

career, 1, 2;

character, 1;

chasing away Genoese fleet, 1;

commander of city’s defence, 1, 2;

death, 1, 2;

defeat, 1;

effigy, 1;

expedition under doge’s command, 1, 2, 3;

Genoese surrender, 1;

imprisonment, 1, 2;

naval command, 1, 2;

overwintering at Pola, 1, 2;

Porto Longo defeat, 1, 2;

release from prison, 1, 2;

reputation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

return to Venice, 1;

Zeno’s reinforcements, 1

Pisani family, 1

Pius II, Pope, 1, 2

plague:

Black Death, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

Crete, 1, 2;

effects on population of Venice, 1;

Negroponte, 1;

threat to Venice, 1, 2;

Venetian deaths overseas, 1;

Venetian fleet, 1

Polani, Vicenzo, 1, 2

Polo, Marco, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Polo, Matteo, 1

Polo, Nicolo, 1

Porto Longo, naval battle (1354), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Portugal, Portuguese:

conquest of Malacca, 1;

galleons, 1;

spice trade, 1;

spies, 1;

voyage to India, 1, 2;

voyages round Africa, 1, 2

printing, 1

Priuli, Girolamo:

on banking crisis, 1;

on end of Venetian empire, 1, 2, 3;

on fall of Modon, 1;

on Grimani, 1, 2;

on Indian voyage, 1, 2, 3;

on Ottoman threat, 1;

on Ottoman–Venetian relations, 1;

on Pesaro, 1;

on Venetian ethos, 1, 2;

on war preparations, 1;

on Zonchio battle, 1

provveditori (auditors), 1

Puglia, 1, 2, 3, 4

Querini family, 1, 2

Ragusa, 1, 2

Ralph of Coggeshall, 1

relics, 1, 2, 3

religion, Venetian policy, 1

Retimo, 1, 2, 3

Rhodes:

Byzantine empire, 1;

Cretan rebellion, 1, 2;

Knights of St John, 1;

Ottoman threat, 1, 2;

pilgrim voyages, 1;

Venetian trade, 1

Richard the Lionheart, 1, 2

Rizo brothers, 1

Robert of Clari:

on arrival of crusaders at Venice, 1;

assault on Constantinople, 1, 2, 3, 4;

on Constantinople plans, 1, 2;

on crusaders’ food supply, 1;

on Dandolo, 1, 2, 3;

on departure of crusader fleet, 1;

on sack of Constantinople, 1, 2

Roger de Flor, 1

Romania, 1, 2, 3

Rosso, Moreto, 1

Rustichello da Pisa, 1

Sabadia, Hieronimo, 1

Sacchetti, Franco, 1

Saladin, 1, 2, 3

Salimbene, Giovannino, 1

Salonica:

Byzantine empire, 1;

consul, 1;

Genoese trade, 1;

Ottoman artillery, 1;

Ottoman occupation, 1;

Venetian occupation, 1, 2, 3;

Venetian strategy, 1;

Venetian trade, 1, 2

salt:

Ascension Day ceremony, 1;

bodies preserved in, 1, 2;

Byzantine shortages, 1;

food preservation, 1, 2;

saltpans, 1, 2, 3;

taxes, 1;

transport of, 1, 2;

Venetian control of supplies, 1;

Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

Venetian workers, 1

Salt Beds, Castle of the, 1, 2

Santorini, 1, 2

Sanudo, Andrea, 1

Sanudo, Benedetto, 1

Sanudo, Marco, 1

Sanudo, Marino, 1, 2

Sanudo family, 1

Schiavo, Domenico, 1

Schiavo, Tommaso, 1

Scutari, siege, 1, 2

Sebenico, 1, 2, 3

Senza, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Seriphos, 1, 2, 3

Setton, Kenneth, 1

Sforza, Francesco, 1

shipbuilding:

Crete, 1;

Dalmatian Coast, 1;

Fourth Crusade, 1, 2;

Ottoman, 1, 2;

timber supplies, 1;

Venetian, 1, 2, 3

shipping, 1, 2;

carracks, 1, 2;

galleons, 1, 2;

galleys, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12;

round ships, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;

sailing ships, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Sidon, 1

Simon de Montfort, 1

Siphnos, 1

slave trade, 1, 2, 3, 4

Smyrna, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Soffredo, Cardinal, 1

Soldaia, 1, 2, 3

Spalato, 1

spices:

Alexandria (Egypt), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

Black Sea route, 1;

dealing, 1, 2, 3;

Genoese trade, 1, 2;

India, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

Islamic world, 1, 2;

Malacca, 1, 2;

Portuguese navigators, 1, 2, 3;

prices, 1, 2;

profits, 1;

Syria, 1, 2, 3;

trade routes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

spies:

Chioggia, 1;

Crete, 1;

Ottoman network, 1, 2;

Portuguese, 1;

Venetian network, 1, 2, 3, 4

Spinola, Gaspare, 1, 2

Stamati of Negroponte, 1

Stato da Mar:

administration, 1, 2;

ceremonies, 1;

colonial expansion, 1, 2;

decline, 1, 2;

function, 1;

importance of Crete, 1;

Ottoman threat, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

remnants, 1;

resources, 1;

secular state, 1;

strategic axis, 1, 2;

territories, 1;

Venetian empire, 1, 2

Steno, Michele, 1, 2

Strabo, 1

sugar, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Tafur, Pero, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Taiapiera, Zuan Antonio, 1

Tamburlaine, 1

Tana:

Barbaro’s expedition, 1;

consul, 1, 2;

convoys, 1, 2, 3, 4;

destruction by Mongols, 1, 2, 3;

dispute, 1;

journey time, 1, 2, 3;

Mongol concessions, 1;

slave trade, 1;

trade goods, 1;

Venetian settlement, 1, 2, 3

taxes, 1, 2, 3, 4

Templars, 1, 2

Tenedos, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Theologite, Emanuel, 1

Tiepolo, Jacopo, Doge, 1

Tiepolo, Lorenzo, 1

Tinos, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Tintoretto, 1

Titus, St, 1, 2, 3, 4

Trau, 1, 2, 3, 4

Treaty of Venice, 1, 2, 3

Trebizond, 1, 2, 3, 4

Trevisan, Domenico, 1, 2

Treviso, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Trieste, 1, 2

Tripoli, 1

Tudela, Benjamin, 1

Tunis, 1, 2, 3, 4

Turin, Treaty of (1381), 1, 2

Turlanio, Marco, 1

Tyre:

aid for Genoese, 1;

capture of Genoese admiral, 1;

Church of St Mark, 1;

crusader port, 1;

fall, 1;

Genoese colony, 1;

glass, 1;

Venetian position, 1

Uzbeg Khan, Sultan, 1, 2

Uzun Hassan, 1

Varangian Guard:

at Blachernae Palace, 1, 2;

defence of Constantinople, 1, 2, 3;

flight, 1;

religious procession, 1;

support for palace coup, 1

Vaux, abbot of, 1, 2

Venice:

arsenal, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12;

Basin of St Mark, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

Ca’ d’Oro, 1;

Church of St Mark, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;

Council of Ten, 1, 2, 3;

dogana da mar (maritime customs house), 1;

dogana da terra (customs house), 1;

doge, see doges;

food supply, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

foundation, 1;

Great Council, 1, 2;

map, 1;

mint, 1;

Molo, 1, 2;

Rialto, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15;

St Mark’s Square, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14;

Tana (ropefactory), 1

Venier, Marco, 1

Venier, Tito, 1, 2, 3

Venier family, 1, 2

Veronese, 1

Villehardouin, Geoffroi de:

address to Venetians, 1;

on agreement to sail to Constantinople, 1, 2;

on Alexius IV, 1;

on arrival at Constantinople, 1, 2;

arrival for crusade, 1;

on assaults on Constantinople, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

career, 1;

on Corfu, 1;

on Dandolo, 1, 2, 3, 4;

on departure for Constantinople, 1;

on departure of Fourth Crusade, 1;

on doge’s palace, 1;

on embassy to Alexius, 1;

embassy to imperial palace, 1;

estimate of size of crusader army, 1, 2;

on fire at Constantinople, 1, 2;

on fireships, 1;

Fourth Crusade mission to doge, 1;

on repayment of debt to Venetians, 46 secret agreement to invade Egypt, 1;

Venetian agreement with crusaders, 1, 2

Villani, Matteo, 1

Visconti, Giovanni, 1

Vlad the Impaler, 1

William of Roubruck, 1

William of Tyre, 1

winds, 1

Zane, Andrea, 1

Zanibeck Khan, 1, 2

Zara:

bombardment by Venetian fleet, 1;

council of crusader leaders, 1, 2;

destruction by Venetians, 1;

Fourth Crusade attack, 1, 2;

Fourth Crusade plan, 1, 2;

Genoese supplies, 1;

harbour, 1;

Hungarian control, 1;

Hungarian pact, 1;

Ottoman threat, 1;

pope’s opposition to attack, 1;

pope’s response to sack, 1;

sack of, 1, 2, 3;

submission to Venice, 1;

surrender, 1;

surrender offer, 1, 2;

Venice relations, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Zen, Pietro, 1

Zeno, Carlo:

appointment as commissioner, 1;

appointment as general of land forces, 1;

attack on Chioggia, 1;

career, 1, 2, 3;

fleet, 1, 2;

Genoese ambassadors, 1;

Genoese coast mission, 1, 2;

governor of Negroponte, 1;

return needed for Chioggia conflict, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

return to Chioggia, 1

Zeno, Renier, Doge, 1, 2

Zibaldone da Canal, 1

Zonchio, 1; battle of (1499), 2, 3

Zorzi, Nicolo, 1