Southern Namibia
If you’re beginning a regional odyssey in South Africa, one of the best ways to approach Namibia is from South Africa’s vast Northern Cape, crossing the border into the infinite, desert-rich south of the country. Once in Namibia, the landscape, noticeably starker than its southern neighbour, is tinged with a lunar feel from the scattered rocky debris, and is marked from the irrepressible movement of the oldest sand dunes on the planet.
Although the tourist trail in Namibia firmly swings north towards Etosha National Park, the deserts of southern Namibia sparkle beneath the sun – quite literally – as they’re filled with millions of carats of diamonds.
The port of Lüderitz has long been a traveller’s favourite. A surreal colonial relic that has largely disregarded the 21st century, Lüderitz clings fiercely to its European roots, with traditional German architecture set against a backdrop of fiery sand dunes and deep blue seas.
Your first sight of Fish River Canyon will, more than any place in Namibia, leave you with feelings of awe and grandeur – it is mother earth at her very finest. One of the largest canyons in the world, it’s also one of the most spectacular
The Central Plateau
The central plateau is probably not where you'll spend most of your time in Namibia. Most travellers encounter the region on their way elsewhere – the plateau is bisected by the B1, which is the country’s main north–south route, stretching from the South African border to Otjiwarongo. What this means is that, for most drivers, this excellent road is little more than a mesmerising broken white line stretching towards a receding horizon – a paradise for lead-foot drivers and cruise-control potatoes.
Even so, with most of the central plateau’s towns on or just off the main B1 route, there are numerous places to break up the journey, whether as a base for exploring the region’s natural attractions, for fuel stops, or even as detour destinations in their own right. Of the latter, Bethanie, Gondwana Cañon Park, Keetmanshoop and Seeheim are probably the pick.
Dordabis
Pop 1500 / %062
The lonely ranching area around Dordabis is the heart of Namibia’s karakul (sheep) country, and supports several sheep farms and weaveries.
1Sights
Farm Ibenstein WeaveryARTS CENTRE
( GOOGLE MAP ; %062-573524; www.ibenstein-weavers.com.na; hby appointment)
At the Farm Ibenstein Weavery, located 4km down the C15 from Dordabis, you can learn about spinning, dyeing and weaving, as well as purchase hand-woven rugs and carpets.
4Sleeping
Eningu Clayhouse LodgeLODGE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %064-464144, 062-581880; www.eningulodge.com; Nina Rd, Peperkorrel Farm; s/d with half board N$1460/2720)
Yes, the name Eningu Clayhouse Lodge sounds a lot like the title of a children’s book, but appropriately enough, this place is a bit of a fantasy. It was painstakingly designed and constructed by Volker and Stephanie Hümmer, whose efforts with sun-dried adobe have resulted in an appealing African-Amerindian architectural cross – the large and lovely rooms have hand-painted floors, earth hues and handwoven rugs.
It really is visually arresting, and activities here include wonderful hiking trails (with a mountain hut en route), wildlife viewing, archery, and stargazing through their telescope. To get here, follow the D1458 for 63km southeast of Chief Hosea Kutako International Airport and then turn west on the D1471; travel for 1km to the Eningu gate.
8Getting There & Away
To reach Dordabis, head east from Windhoek on the B6 and turn right onto the C23, 20km east of town; the town centre is 66km down this road.
Arnhem Cave
With a subterranean length of 4.5km, Arnhem Cave is the longest cave system in Namibia. Formed in a layer of limestone and dolomite, Arnhem was sandwiched between folds of stratified quartzite and shale, and discovered in 1930 by farmer DN Bekker. Shortly thereafter, mining operations began extracting the deposits of lucrative bat guano, which were commonly used at the time as fertiliser.
1Sights
Guided tours (one hour/two hours N$100/120) dive into darkness, beyond the reach of sunlight. Because it’s dry, there are few stalagmites or stalactites, but it’s possible you could see up to six bat species: the giant leaf-nosed bat, the leaf-nosed bat, the long-fingered bat, Geoffroy’s horseshoe bat, Denti’s horseshoe bat and the Egyptian slit‑faced bat. It’s also inhabited by a variety of insects, worms, shrews and prawns. The grand finale is the indescribable first view of the blue-cast natural light as you emerge from the depths.
4Sleeping
Arnhem Cave & LodgeLODGE$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %062-581885; camping N$110, chalets per person from N$525)
This place lies within an hour’s walk of Arnhem Cave, and is located on the same farm. Day visitors can arrange guided tours here, while overnight visitors are treated to a bucolic retreat lying just beyond the lights of the capital.
8Getting There & Away
To get to the cave head first for the guesthouse. Turn south 3km east of Chief Hosea Kutako International Airport on the D1458. After 66km, turn northeast on the D1506 and continue for 11km to the T-junction, where you turn south on the D180. The guesthouse is 6km down this road.
Mariental
Pop 12,480 / %063
The small administrative and commercial centre of Mariental is home to the large-scale Hardap irrigation scheme, which allows citrus-growing and ostrich farming. For most travellers, however, Mariental is little more than a petrol stop before heading out west to Sesriem and Sossusvlei.
4Sleeping
Mariental HotelHOTEL$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-242466; www.marientalhotel.com; cnr Hendrik Witbooi Ave & Charney Rd; s/d N$480/780; aWs)
If you get stuck for the night, the well-established Mariental Hotel has basic carpeted rooms with modern amenities, if a rather drab colour scheme, as well as a dining room serving Namibian standards.
oKalahari Red Dunes LodgeLODGE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-264003; www.redduneslodge.com; off B1; s/d with full board N$2500/4200; aWs)
Off the B1 a few clicks southeast of Kalkrand and around halfway between Mariental and Rehoboth, Red Dunes Lodge has a lovely collection of thatch-and-canvas guestrooms with teak floors, stone tiling, wood fires, private terraces and outdoor showers. They're nicely spaced to ensure privacy and the swaying Kalahari grasslands that envelop this 10,000-acre property add a real sense of bush isolation despite its accessibility.
Bagatelle Kalahari Game RanchLODGE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-240982; www.bagatelle-kalahari-gameranch.com; D1268; s/d with half board N$2635/3960; aWs)
Wooden chalets on elevated stilts facing the setting sun from atop a sand dune... The rooms here have a range of styles with soothing earth tones, high ceilings and stylish throws. Activities include stargazing, night drives (watch for the elusive aardwolf), feeding of the rescued cheetahs, searching for meerkats and a Bushman walk. It's a lovely place. It's northeast of Mariental; take the C20 east then north on the D1268.
Kalahari Anib Lodge & CampsiteCAMPGROUND$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-204529, 061-427200; www.gondwana-collection.com; C20; camping N$175, s/d from N$1333/2138; naWs)
Gorgeous wood-floored rooms here have a more contemporary look than your average safari lodge and we love it all the more for it. There are also three excellent campsites, an equally excellent restaurant and palm-strewn grounds, all adding up to an entirely agreeable Kalahari experience. It's around 30km northeast of Mariental, just north of the C20.
8Getting There & Away
Intercape Mainliner buses travelling from Windhoek (from N$495, three hours, four weekly) to Keetmanshoop (from N$459, 2½ hours) pass through Mariental.
Hardap Dam Game Reserve
%063
This reserve ( GOOGLE MAP ; per person N$30, plus per vehicle N$15; hsunrise-6pm), 15km northwest of Mariental, is a 25,000-hectare wildlife park with 80km of gravel roads and a 15km hiking loop. Hardap is Nama for ‘Nipple’; it was named after the conical hills topped by dolerite knobs that dot the area. The highlights here are fishing and birdwatching around the lake.
There are several picnic sites east of the lake, and between sunrise and sunset you can walk anywhere in the reserve. Note that swimming isn’t permitted in the dam.
Most travellers come for the blue lake, which breaks up the arid plateau landscape and provides anglers with carp, barbel, mudfish and blue karpers. The lake also supports countless species of water bird, including flamingos, fish eagles, pelicans, spoonbills and Goliath herons.
4Sleeping
Hardap ResortHOTEL$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %061-2857200, 063-240286; www.nwr.com.na/resorts/hardap-resort; camping/dm N$120/250, s incl breakfast N$800-1500, d incl breakfast N$900-1600; s)
Attractive rooms, many with balconies overlooking the lake, are an excellent place to spend the night. The higher the rate, the better the view; the cheaper rooms (apart from the five-bed dorms) are bush chalets. Camping is also possible. Bookings must be made through the NWR in Windhoek.
8Getting There & Away
To get to the reserve, you will need your own vehicle; take the signposted turning off the B1, 15km north of Mariental, and continue 6km to the entrance gate.
Brukkaros
With a 2km-wide crater, this extinct volcano (1586m) dominates the skyline between Mariental and Keetmanshoop. It was formed some 80 million years ago when a magma pipe encountered ground water about 1km below the earth’s surface and caused a series of violent volcanic explosions.
From the car park, it’s a 3.5km hike to the crater’s southern entrance; along the way, watch for the remarkable quartz formations embedded in the rock. From here, you can head for the other-worldly crater floor, or turn left and follow the southern rim up to the abandoned sunspot research centre, which was established by the US Smithsonian Institute in the 1930s.
NAMIBIA & ITS METEORS
A meteorite is an extraterrestrial body that survives its impact with the earth’s surface without being destroyed. Although it’s estimated that about 500 meteorites land each year, only a handful are typically recovered. However, in a single meteor shower sometime in the dim and distant past, more than 21 tonnes of 90% ferrous extraterrestrial boulders crashed to earth in southern Namibia. It’s rare for so many meteorites to fall at once, and these are thought to have been remnants of an explosion in space, which were held together as they were drawn in by the earth’s gravitational field.
Thus far, at least 77 meteorite chunks have been found within a 2500-sq-km area around the former Rhenish mission station of Gibeon, 60km south of Mariental. The largest chunk, which weighs 650kg, is housed in Cape Town Museum, South Africa, while other bits have wound up as far away as Anchorage, Alaska. Between 1911 and 1913, soon after their discovery, 33 chunks were brought to Windhoek for safekeeping. Over the years, they’ve been displayed in Zoo Park and at Alte Feste in Windhoek, but have now found a home on Post Street Mall.
4Sleeping
Brukkaros CampsiteCAMPGROUND$
( GOOGLE MAP ; camping N$70)
The basic Brukkaros Campsite has sites with toilets and a bush shower, but you must supply your own drinking water. Half of the campsites are literally carved out of the volcano and offer some truly stunning views across the valley.
8Getting There & Away
Brukkaros rises 35km west of Tses on the B1. Follow the C98 west for 40km and then turn north on to the D3904 about 1km east of Berseba. It’s then 8km to the car park. Note that a 4WD is required to access some of the higher campsites at Brukkaros Campsite.
Rehoboth
Pop 28,840 / %062
Rehoboth lies 85km south of Windhoek and just a stone’s throw north of the Tropic of Capricorn.
1Sights
Town MuseumMUSEUM
( GOOGLE MAP ; %062-522954; www.rehobothmuseum.com; N$25; h9am-noon & 2-4pm Mon-Fri, 9am-noon Sat)
The town museum, housed in the 1903 residence of the settlement’s first colonial postmaster, recounts the historical roots of Rehoboth from 1844.
4Sleeping
Lake Oanob ResortRESORT$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %062-522370; www.oanob.com.na; camping N$70-140, s/d from N$860/1134, 6-bed chalets N$2880; s)
If you’re looking to rehabilitate your travel-worn body and mind, a surprisingly relaxing retreat is the Lake Oanob Resort, located alongside the Oanob Dam, just west of Rehoboth. The resort is centred on a stunningly calm and tranquil blue lake. Amenities include a shaded camping area, a thatched bar and restaurant, and beautiful stone self-catering bungalows on the lake’s shores.
8Getting There & Away
Intercape Mainliner buses running from Windhoek to Keetmanshoop pass through Reheboth (from N$468, one hour, four weekly).
Keetmanshoop
Pop 20,980 / %063
Keetmanshoop (kayt-mahns-hoo-up) sits at the main crossroads of southern Namibia, and this is why you may end up here. More of a place to overnight than spend any time, it’s nonetheless a friendly enough little town.
There are a few examples of German colonial architecture, including the 1910 Kaiserliches Postampt, and the town museum, housed in the 1895 Rhenish Mission Church, which itself is arguably more interesting than the contents of the museum inside. The ramshackle bits and pieces on display are good for killing an hour or so.
1Sights
Town MuseumCHURCH, MUSEUM
( GOOGLE MAP ; cnr Kaiser St & 7th Ave; h7.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri)F
The town museum occupies the 1895 Rhenish Mission Church, which itself is arguably more interesting than the contents of the museum inside. The ramshackle bits and pieces on display are good for killing an hour or so.
Kaiserliches PostamptHISTORIC BUILDING
(Imperial Post Office; GOOGLE MAP ; cnr 5th Ave & Fenschel St)
There are a few examples of German colonial architecture, including the 1910 Kaiserliches Postampt, the old post office. There's an information office inside where you can arrange local tours.
4Sleeping
Bernice B&BGUESTHOUSE$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-224851; bernicebeds@iway.na; 129 10th St; s/d N$240/360)
Although down a side road, Bernice B&B is extremely well signed from any direction that you approach town – just follow the signs! Book ahead, as it does get busy. There are family options, digital satellite TV and good-size rooms, which are a little dated but otherwise well kept and nice enough.
Quivertree Forest Rest CampCAMPGROUND, BUNGALOWS$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-683421; www.quivertreeforest.com; camping N$120, s/d/tr/q bungalows from N$620/965/1260/1950; #)
About 14km east of town, the Quivertree Forest Rest Camp proudly boasts Namibia’s largest stand of kokerboom (quiver trees). Day rates (per person N$60) include use of picnic facilities and entry to the Giant’s Playground, a bizarre natural rock garden 5km away. Accommodation is simple but adequate.
Pension GessertGUESTHOUSE$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %081 4347379, 063-223892; www.natron.net/gessert/main.html; 138 13th St; s/d N$600/1000, s with shared bathroom N$450; Ws)
In the quiet Westdene neighbourhood of town, Pension Gessert offers quaint and homey rooms with modern touches, a beautiful cooling green garden to relax in and a swimming pool.
8Getting There & Away
Intercape Mainliner runs buses between Windhoek and Keetmanshoop (from N$522, 5½ hours, four weekly). Book your tickets in advance online, as this service continues on to Cape Town, South Africa, and fills up quickly.
Combis (minibuses) also run up and down the B1 with fairly regular frequency, and a ride between Windhoek and Keetmanshoop shouldn’t cost more than N$180. Less regular combis connect Keetmanshoop to Lüderitz, with fares averaging around N$250.
Trans-Namib operates a night train between Windhoek and Keetmanshoop (from N$160, 12 hours, daily except Saturday).
Naute Dam
Naute Dam is an attractive spot that is surrounded by low truncated hills, and attracts large numbers of water birds.
1Sights
Naute KristallDISTILLERY
( GOOGLE MAP ; %081 127 7485, 063-683810; www.nautekristall.com; hby appointment)
Call ahead for directions and a one-hour tour of this innovative distillery thats produce NamGin, Namibia's very own, home-grown gin. It's overseen by Michael and Katrin, who still play an important role in Kristall Kellerei Winery in Omaruru.
8Getting There & Away
To get to the dam, drive 30km west of Keetmanshoop on the B4 and turn south on the D545.
Seeheim
Pop 20 / %063
It’s a long and lonely drive southwest to Lüderitz, which is why you might want to consider stopping for the night at the Seeheim rail halt, 48km southwest of Keetmanshoop. Although the tiny town is home to little more than petrol stations and small shops, about 13km west on the B4 is the Naiams farm, where a signpost indicates a 15-minute walk to the remains of a 1906 German fort. The fort was raised to prevent Nama attacks on German travellers and Lüderitz-bound freight.
4Sleeping
Seeheim HotelHOTEL$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-683643, 081 128 0349; www.seeheimhotel.com; s/d/f N$750/1160/1400)
The historic Seeheim Hotel features an atmospheric old bar as well as period furniture. Rooms are simple, clean affairs with mosquito nets (upstairs rooms are better).
8Getting There & Away
The tarred B4 highway connects Keetmanshoop with Lüderitz, though you’re going to need your own vehicle if you want to access this stretch of highway.
Duwisib Castle
%063
A curious neobaroque structure located about 70km south of Maltahöhe, smack-dab in the middle of the barren desert, this European castle ( GOOGLE MAP ; N$70; h8am-1pm & 2-5pm) is smaller than some grandiose descriptions suggest and really worth a stop only if you’re passing by. The portraits and scant furniture certainly give it a European feel though and the pleasant courtyard is a good place to relax in the shade of some majestic trees.
History
The castle was built in 1909 by Baron Captain Hans Heinrich von Wolf. After the German-Nama wars, the loyal baron commissioned architect Willie Sander to design a castle that would reflect his commitment to the German military cause. He also married the stepdaughter of the US consul to Dresden, Miss Jayta Humphreys, and planned on ruling over his personal corner of German South West Africa.
Although the stone for the castle was quarried nearby, much of the raw material was imported from Germany, and required 20 ox wagons to transport it across the 330km of desert from Lüderitz. Artisans and masons were hired from as far away as Ireland, Denmark, Sweden and Italy. The result was a U-shaped castle with 22 rooms, all suitably fortified and decorated with family portraits and military paraphernalia. Rather than windows, most rooms have embrasures, which emphasise Von Wolf’s apparent obsession with security.
As history would have it, WWI broke out, and the Baron reenlisted in the Schutzruppe (German Imperial Army), only to be killed two weeks later at the Battle of the Somme. The baroness never returned to Namibia, though some people claim that the descendants of her thoroughbred horses still roam the desert. In the late 1970s, ownership of the Duwisib Castle and its surrounding 50 hectares was transferred to the State, and is now administered by NWR.
4Sleeping
Betta Camp SiteCAMPGROUND$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %081 477 3992; www.bettacamp.net; cnr C27 & D826; camping N$100, chalets per person N$300, with full board N$500)
A welcoming stop on the road in these parts is Betta Camp Site, roughly 20km past Duwisib. Apart from petrol and campsites if you want to crash the night, make a beeline for the kiosk where you can stock up on supplies and indulge in the most delicious homemade goodies. Snaffle down freshly baked farm bread, apple pie, pancakes and other sweet treats. There is even firewood and BBQ packs.
Duwisib Castle Rest CampCAMPGROUND$
( GOOGLE MAP ; camping N$110)
This very amenable rest camp (with a sparkling amenities block) occupies one corner of the castle grounds and is well set up with campsites containing bin, braai and bench seating. The adjoining kiosk sells snacks, coffee and cool drinks. Book through the NWR office in Windhoek.
Duwisib Guest FarmGUESTHOUSE$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-293344; www.farmduwisib.com; camping N$110, s/d with half board N$980/1720)
Located 300m from the castle, this pleasant guest farm has rooms with views of the main attraction, and self-catering family units that sleep up to eight people. While you’re there, be sure to check out the historic blacksmith shop up the hill.
8Getting There & Away
There isn’t any public transport to Duwisib Castle. If you’re coming from Helmeringhausen, head north on the C14 for 62km and turn northwest onto the D831. Continue for 27km, then turn west onto the D826 and travel a further 15km to the castle.
Maltahöhe
Pop 6000 / %063
Maltahöhe, lying at the heart of a commercial ranching area, is a convenient stopover along the back route between Namib-Naukluft Park and Lüderitz.
4Sleeping
Hotel MaltahöheHOTEL$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-293013; s/d N$550/825)
In town, you can bed down for the night at the Hotel Maltahöhe, which has won several national awards for its amenable, spic-and-span accommodation. It also has a restaurant and bar offering Continental cuisine.
8Getting There & Away
Maltahöhe lies at the junction of the C19 and C14; you're most likely to pass through here on your way between Sesriem and Mariental. There's no public transport along this route.
Helmeringhausen
%063
Helmeringhausen is little more than a homestead, hotel and petrol station, and has been the property of the Hester family since 1919. The highlight is the idiosyncratic Agricultural Museum, established in 1984 by the Helmeringhausen Farming Association.
1Sights
Agricultural MuseumMUSEUM
( GOOGLE MAP ; Main St; hon request from hotel)F
The highlight of Helmeringhausen is the idiosyncratic Agricultural Museum, established in 1984 by the Helmeringhausen Farming Association. It displays all sorts of interesting old furniture and farming implements collected from local properties, as well as an antique fire engine.
4Sleeping
Helmeringhausen HotelHOTEL$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-283307; www.helmeringhausennamibia.com; s/d N$650/1100; s)
A surprisingly swish hotel with elegant rooms in addition to a very popular restaurant and bar. The menu is limited, but the beer is cold and it has a well-stocked wine cellar. Those who like eating game meat may feel uncomfortable being watched by all those accusing trophies. There’s also a great courtyard area for soaking up the sun and enjoying a cold drink.
It gets busy with tour groups – book ahead in high season.
8Getting There & Away
Helmeringhausen is 130km south of Maltahöhe on the C14.
Bethanie
Pop 2000
One of Namibia’s oldest settlements, Bethanie was founded in 1814 by the London Missionary Society. After seven years the mission was abandoned due to tribal squabbling and although a German missionary, Heinrich Schmelen, attempted to revive it several times, he was thwarted by drought.
Schmelen’s original 1814 mission station, Schmelenhaus, occupied a one-storey cottage. It was burnt to the ground when he left Bethanie in 1828, and later rebuilt in 1842 by the first Rhenish missionary, Reverend Hans Knudsen. The building now sits on the grounds of the Evangelical Lutheran Church and houses a museum full of old photos of the mission. If it’s locked, a notice on the door will tell you where to pick up a key.
Also worth a look is the 1883 home of Captain Joseph Fredericks, the Nama chief who signed a treaty with the representatives of Adolf Lüderitz on 1 May 1883 for the transfer of Angra Pequena (present-day Lüderitz). It was here in October 1884 that Captain Fredericks and the German Consul General, Dr Friedrich Nachtigal, signed a treaty of German protection over the entire territory.
4Sleeping
Bethanie GuesthouseGUESTHOUSE$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-283013; Main St; s/d from N$450/850; Ws)
Bethanie Guesthouse, one of Namibia's oldest hotels and under newish management, inhabits a personality-steeped building with good facilities including camping and modern, if unexciting rooms. It's a welcoming place.
8Getting There & Away
The Bethanie turn-off is signposted on the B4, 140km west of Keetmanshoop.
The South Coast
Call that wilderness? This is wilderness. From Walvis Bay to Lüderitz, Namibia disappears into an almost-trackless waste dominated by enormous linear dunes, which roll back from the sea towards the inland gravel plains that are occasionally interrupted by isolated mountain ranges. Welcome to the Sperrgebiet (Forbidden Area), which plays host to the country’s highly lucrative and highly secure diamond-mining efforts, and which can be visited only as part of an organised tour.
A strange blip on this largely uninhabited desert region, the town of Lüderitz is rich in German colonial architecture, and occupies an other-worldly setting between the dunes and sea. It's a lovely if anachronistic place to spend a few days.
Aus
Pop 300 / %063
A stop on the long drive west to Lüderitz, Aus is home to a former prison camp and also boasts two highly recommended guest farms where you can slow down and spend some time soaking up the desolate beauty of the shifting sands.
WARTIME AUS
After the Germans surrendered to the South African forces in 1915, Aus became one of two internment camps for German military personnel (military police and officers were sent to Okahandja in the north while noncommissioned officers went to Aus). Since the camp quickly grew to 1500 prisoners and 600 South African guards, residents were forced to seek shelter in flimsy tents. However, the resourceful inmates turned to brick-making and constructed houses for themselves – they even sold the excess bricks to the guards for 10 shillings per 1000. The houses weren’t opulent – roofs were tiled with unrolled food tins – but they did provide protection from the elements. The prisoners also built several wood stoves and even sank boreholes.
After the Treaty of Versailles the camp was dismantled, and by May 1919 it was closed. Virtually nothing remains, though several of the brick houses have been reconstructed. The former camp is 4km east of the village of Aus, down a gravel road, then to the right; there’s now a national plaque commemorating it.
4Sleeping
Desert Horse InnLODGE$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-258021; www.klein-aus-vista.com; camping N$120, r per person from N$990; aWs)
This 10,000-hectare ranch, 3km west of Aus, is a hiker’s paradise with six different trails you can do, from 4km to 20km in length. Accommodation is provided in the main lodge, which is cast in soothing earth tones and with lovely large rooms. Meals are available at the main lodge. Apart from the wonderful hiking, activities include horse riding and 4WD tours of the ranch’s vast desert concession.
The excellent campsites sit beneath camel thorn shade and make the most of the big-sky views.
Bahnhof HotelHOTEL$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-258091; www.bahnhof-hotel-aus.com; 20 Lüderitz Strasse; s/d N$890/1520)
One of the better in-town hotels along the B1, the Bahnhof has rooms with wood floors, white walls and splashes of colour and character. Smallish windows make some a little claustrophobic, but they're an excellent if pricey option for those keen not to stray too far from the main highway. There's a reasonable on-site restaurant with an appealing outdoor terrace and international dishes.
Namtib Desret LodgeLODGE$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-683055; www.namtib.net; camping N$130, s/d N$1050/1640)S
In the beautiful Tirasberge, the private Namtib Biosphere Reserve is run by ecologically conscious owners who’ve created a self-sustaining farm in a narrow valley, with distant views of the Namib plains and dune sea. The rooms are tastefully turned out and comfortable. To reach the reserve, take the C13 north of Aus for 55km, then turn west on the D707; after 48km, turn east onto the 12km farm road to the lodge.
There is an incredible wealth of nature on display here, and it’s certainly worth spending a night or two getting acquainted with all the empty space.
Eagle's Nest ChaletsCHALET$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; www.klein-aus-vista.com; chalets per person N$1325)
These two- to four-person self-catering chalets mix the deliciously remote with proximity to the affiliated Desert Horse Inn facilities 7km away; if you don't feel like cooking, you can eat at the lodge restaurant. Built in stone and glass, and with their backs to the barren mountains, this fine place offers sweeping views and a glorious sense of space and light.
8Information
Aus Information Centre ( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-258151; h8am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 2pm Sat & Sun) has a cafe, internet and lots of information on the area's natural environment, history and wild horses. Ask here about the Aus Walking Trail, which begins at the info centre.
8Getting There & Away
Aus is 125km east of Lüderitz on the B4. Travel in this region typically requires a private vehicle.
WILD HORSES
On the desert plains west of Aus live some of the world’s only wild desert-dwelling horses. The origin of these eccentric equines is unclear, though several theories abound. One theory suggests that the horses descended from Schutztruppe (German Imperial Army) cavalry horses abandoned during the South African invasion in 1915, while others claim they were brought in by Nama raiders moving north from beyond the Orange River. Yet another theory asserts that they descended from a load of shipwrecked horses en route from Europe to Australia. Still others maintain that the horses descended from the stud stock of Baron Captain Hans-Heinrich von Wolf, the original owner of the Duwisib Castle.
These horses, whose bony and scruffy appearance belies their probable high-bred ancestry and apparent adaptation to the harsh conditions, are protected inside the Diamond Area 1. In years of good rain, they grow fat and their numbers increase to several hundred. Their only source of water is Garub Pan, which is fed by an artificial borehole.
If not for the efforts of a few concerned individuals, the horses would probably have been wiped out long ago. These individuals, led by security officer Jan Coetzer of Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM), recognised that the horses were unique, and managed to secure funding to install the borehole at Garub Pan. At one stage, the Ministry of Environment & Tourism (MET) considered taming the horses for use on patrols in Etosha National Park, though the proposal fell through. There have also been calls to exterminate the horses by individuals citing possible damage to the desert environment and gemsbok herds. So far, however, the tourism value of the horses has swept aside all counterarguments.
The horses may also be valuable for scientific purposes. For instance, they urinate less than domestic horses, and are smaller than their supposed ancestors. The horses are also able to go without water for up to five days at a time. These adaptations may be valuable in helping scientists understand how animals cope with changing climatic conditions.
About 10km from Aus on the road to Lüderitz, start watching out for feral desert horses. About 20km west of Aus, turn north at the sign ‘Feral Horses’ and follow the track for 1.5km to Garub Pan, which is home to an artificial water hole where the horses often visit.
Lüderitz
Pop 12,540 / %063
Before travelling to Lüderitz, pause for a moment to study the country map and how the town is sandwiched between the barren Namib Desert and the windswept South Atlantic coast. As if Lüderitz’ unique geographical setting wasn’t impressive enough, its surreal German art nouveau architecture will seal the deal. A colonial relic scarcely touched by the 21st century, Lüderitz recalls a Bavarian dorfchen (small village), with churches, bakeries and cafes. Unlike its more well-heeled Teutonic rival Swakopmund, Lüderitz feels stuck in a time warp, a perception that delivers both gloom and a certain charm (at least for visitors). In short, it's one of the most incongruous places in Africa.
But it’s the natural environment surrounding the town where southern Namibia really comes alive. The rocky coastline of the Lüderitz peninsula harbours flamingo flocks and penguin colonies, while the adjacent Sperrgebiet National Park is arguably the country’s wildest and most pristine landscape.
History
In April 1883 Heinrich Vogelsang, under orders from Bremen merchant Adolf Lüderitz, entered into a treaty with Nama chief Joseph Fredericks and secured lands within an 8km radius of Angra Pequeña (Little Bay). Later that year Lüderitz made an appearance in Little Bay, and following his recommendation, the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck designated South Western Africa a protectorate of the German empire. Following the discovery of diamonds in the Sperrgebiet in 1908, the town of Lüderitz was officially founded, and quickly prospered from the gem trade.
Indeed, the history of diamond mining in Namibia parallels the history of Lüderitz. Although diamonds were discovered along the Orange River in South Africa, and among the guano workings on the offshore islands as early as 1866, it apparently didn’t occur to anyone that the desert sands might also harbour a bit of crystal carbon. In 1908, however, railway worker Zacharias Lewala found a shiny stone along the railway line near Grasplatz and gave it to his employer, August Stauch. Stauch took immediate interest and, to his elation, the state geologist confirmed that it was indeed a diamond. Stauch applied for a prospecting licence from the Deutsche Koloniale Gesellschaft (German Colonial Society) and set up his own mining company, the Deutsche Diamanten Gesellschaft (German Diamond Company), to begin exploiting the presumed windfall.
In the years that followed, hordes of prospectors descended upon the town of Lüderitz with dreams of finding wealth buried in the sands. Lüderitz became a boom town as service facilities sprang up to accommodate the growing population. By September 1908, however, diamond madness was threatening to escalate out of control, which influenced the German government to intervene by establishing the Sperrgebiet. This ‘Forbidden Zone’ extended from 26°S latitude southward to the Orange River mouth, and stretched inland for 100km. Independent prospecting was henceforth verboten, and those who’d already staked their claims were forced to form mining companies.
In February 1909 a diamond board was created to broker all diamond sales and thereby control prices. However, after WWI ended, the world diamond market was so depressed that in 1920, Ernst Oppenheimer of the Anglo-American Corporation was able to purchase Stauch’s company, along with eight other diamond-producing companies. This ambitious move led to the formation of Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM), which was administered by De Beers South Africa and headquartered in Kolmanskop.
In 1928 rich diamond fields were discovered around the mouth of the Orange River, and in 1944 CDM decided to relocate to the purpose-built company town of Oranjemund. Kolmanskop’s last inhabitants left in 1956, and the sand dunes have been encroaching on the town ever since.
In 1994 CDM gave way to Namdeb Diamond Corporation Limited (Namdeb), which is owned in equal shares by the government of Namibia and the De Beers Group. De Beers is a Johannesburg- and London-based diamond-mining and trading corporation that has held a virtual monopoly over the diamond trade for much of its corporate history. Today, diamonds are still Lüderitz’ best friend, though it’s also home to several maritime industries, including the harvesting of crayfish, seaweed and seagrass, as well as experimental oyster, mussel and prawn farms.
Lüderitz
4Sleeping
5Eating
8Information
1Sights
Lüderitz Town
FelsenkircheCHURCH
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Kirche St; h4-5pm Mon-Sat)F
The prominent Evangelical Lutheran church dominates Lüderitz from high on Diamond Hill. It was designed by Albert Bause, who implemented the Victorian influences he’d seen in the Cape. With assistance from private donors in Germany, construction of the church began in late 1911 and was completed the following year. The brilliant stained-glass panel situated over the altar was donated by Kaiser Wilhelm II, while the Bible was a gift from his wife. Come for the views over the water and the town.
Goerke HausHISTORIC SITE
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Diamantberg St; N$35; hguided tour 2-4pm Mon-Fri, 4-5pm Sat & Sun)
The sheer scale of Goerke Haus and the way it blends into the rock face is very impressive. Originally the home of Lieutenant Hans Goerke, and designed by architect Otto Ertl and constructed in 1910 on Diamond Hill, it was one of the town’s most extravagant properties. The house has undergone an admirable renovation job and is certainly worth a look.
Lüderitz MuseumMUSEUM
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202582; Diaz St; N$20; h3.30-5pm Mon-Fri)
This museum contains information on the town’s history, including displays on natural history, local indigenous groups and the diamond-mining industry. Phone to arrange a visit outside standard opening hours.
Lüderitz Peninsula
The Lüderitz Peninsula, much of which lies outside the Sperrgebiet, makes an interesting half-day excursion from town.
Agate Bay, just north of Lüderitz, is made of tailings from the diamond workings. There aren’t many agates these days, but you’ll find fine sand partially consisting of tiny grey mica chips.
A picturesque and relatively calm bay, Sturmvogelbucht is a pleasant place for a braai (barbecue), though the water temperature would be amenable only to a penguin or polar bear. The rusty ruin in the bay is the remains of a 1914 Norwegian whaling station; the salty pan just inland attracts flamingos and merits a quick stop.
At Diaz Point, 22km by road from Lüderitz, is a classic lighthouse and a replica of the cross erected in July 1488 by Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias on his return from the Cape of Good Hope. Portions of the original have been dispersed as far as Lisbon, Berlin and Cape Town. From the point, there’s a view of a nearby seal colony and you can also see cormorants, flamingos, wading birds and even the occasional pod of dolphins.
Also at the point is a coffee shop serving hot/cold drinks, toasties, oysters, beer and great chocolate cake. It’s possible to camp (campsite N$95, per person N$55) out here as well on rocky, flat ground roped off between the lighthouse and water. There are decent amenities although the site is more exposed to the wind than Shark Island.
Halifax Island, a short distance offshore south of Diaz Point, is home to Namibia’s best-known jackass-penguin colony. Jackass or Cape penguins live in colonies on rocky offshore islets off the Atlantic Coast. With binoculars, you can often see them gathering on the sandy beach opposite the car park.
Grosse Bucht (Big Bay), at the southern end of Lüderitz Peninsula, is a wild and scenic beach favoured by flocks of flamingos, which feed in the tidal pools. It’s also the site of a small but picturesque shipwreck on the beach.
Just a few kilometres up the coast is Klein Bogenfels, a small rock arch beside the sea. When the wind isn’t blowing a gale, it makes a pleasant picnic spot.
TTours
With the exception of the Kolmanskop ghost town, allow at least five days to plan any excursion into the Sperrgebiet as tour companies need time to fill out all of the paperwork and acquire all of the necessary permits.
Coastways Tours LüderitzDRIVING
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202002; www.coastways.com.na)
This highly reputable company runs multiday self-catering 4WD trips deep into the Sperrgebiet (from Lüderitz to Walvis Bay, for example). Note that the cost of the permit is included in the price of the relevant tour.
Lüderitz Safaris & ToursADVENTURE
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202719; ludsaf@africaonline.com.na; Bismarck St)
Provides useful tourist information, organises visitor permits for the Kolmanskop ghost town and books seats on the schooner Sedina (N$375 per person), which sails past the Cape fur seal sanctuary at Diaz Point and the penguin colony on Halifax Island. It also conducts guided oyster tours with time for tastings, and is generally a great information service with very knowledgeable staff.
4Sleeping
Lüderitz has plenty of accommodation to choose from but book ahead to ensure that your first choice has space.
Lüderitz Backpackers LodgeHOSTEL$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202000; www.namibweb.com/backpackers.htm; 2 Ring St; camping N$90, dm/d/f N$120/300/450)
Housed in a historic colonial mansion, this is the only true backpackers spot in town, with rudimentary accommodation. The vibe is congenial and low-key, and the friendly management is helpful in sorting out your onward travels. And of course, the usual backpacker amenities are on offer here, including a communal kitchen, braai pit, TV lounge and laundry facilities. Prices may increase when it’s busy.
Shark Island CampsiteCAMPGROUND$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; www.nwrnamibia.com/shark-island.htm; camping N$150, lighthouse per person N$330)
This is a beautifully situated but aggravatingly windy locale. Shark Island is connected to the town by a causeway but is no longer an island, thanks to the harbour reclamation project that attached it to the mainland. The centrepiece of the island is a historic lighthouse that caps the central rock, and features two bedrooms, a living room and a kitchen – perfect for self-caterers!
Book accommodation through the NWR office in Windhoek; bookings can also be made at the entrance.
oHansa Haus GuesthouseGUESTHOUSE$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-203699; www.hansahausluderitz.co.za; 85 Mabel St; s/d from N$552/650; W)
This family-run guesthouse in an early-20th-century German-style house is one of the better places in town. The wood floors, white-linen look and the sea breezes (especially on the upstairs terrace) round out a lovely package.
oHaus SandroseAPARTMENT$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202630; www.haussandrose.com; 15 Bismarck St; s/d from N$530/760)
Haus Sandrose is comprised of uniquely decorated self-catering rooms surrounding a sheltered garden. The bright rooms are good value and exude a cheerful and roomy feel; note some rooms are bigger than others. It’s a great location and very friendly.
oKairos B&BB&B$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-203080, 081 650 5598; http://kairoscottage.com/; Shark Island; s/d N$480/680)
This brand-spanking-new, cheerful, whitewashed building houses a promising new guesthouse and overlooks the water just before Shark Island. It’s in a lovely location and is just a few minutes' drive from the town centre. Also here is a coffee shop serving breakfast and lunch.
Kapps HotelHOTEL$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202345; www.kappshotel.com; Bay Rd; s/d N$350/560)
This is the town’s oldest hotel, dating back to 1907, which has managed to retain a certain faded grandeur while adding a touch of modernity. Darkish downstairs rooms have huge bathrooms. The attached Rumour’s Grill is a great place to drop into for either a cold beer at the end of a long drive or a strong nightcap on the way up to bed.
Krabbenhoft une LampeAPARTMENT$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202674, 081 127 7131; http://klguesthouse.com; 25 Bismarck St; s/d apt from N$330/400)
One of the more unusual sleeping options in town, the Krabbenhoft is a converted carpet factory that now offers a number of self-catering flats upstairs from a furniture shop and Avis car-rental office. Accommodation has loads of character, floor-to-ceiling bookshelves, high ceilings, lots of natural light, good shared kitchen facilities and the novelty factor can’t be beat.
KratzplatzB&B$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202458; www.kratzplatz.com; 5 Nachtigal St; s/d incl breakfast from N$440/800)
Housed in a converted church complete with vaulted ceilings, this centrally located B&B offers a variety of different rooms to choose from set amid a patch of greenery. Rooms are in varying condition – some are a little worn but comfortable and the upstairs ones come with outside chair and table on the balcony. The attached Barrels restaurant has a lively beer garden and a wonderful German kitchen.
Protea Sea-View Hotel Zum SperrgebietHOTEL$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-203411; www.marriott.com; cnr Woermann & Göring Sts; r from N$833; aWs)
In a town defined by its colonial heritage, the Protea bucks the trend with a modern offering of polished steel and sparkling glass. There are only 22 sun-blessed rooms here, each accented by a sweeping terrace facing out towards the sea. Despite being part of the Marriott's portfolio, prices are reasonable and the atmosphere unpretentious.
Lüderitz Nest HotelHOTEL$$$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-204000; www.nesthotel.com; 820 Diaz St; s/d from N$1320/2100; as)
Lüderitz’ oldest upmarket hotel occupies a jutting peninsula in the southwest corner of town, complete with its own private beach. Each room is stylishly appointed with modern furnishings and faces out towards the sea. Amenities include a pool, sauna, kids playground, car hire, terraced bar and a collection of gourmet restaurants. This hotel is what you would expect: decent service, clean and good facilities. It’s overpriced but its drawcard is the magnificent water views from the rooms.
5Eating
If the sea has been bountiful, various hotels serve the catch of the day, though you can always count on a long list of German specialities. If you’re self-catering, there are a number of supermarkets as well as small seafood merchants in town.
oDiaz Coffee ShopCAFE$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %081-700 0475; cnr Bismarck & Nachtigal Sts; mains from N$45; h8am-9pm)
The cappuccinos are strong, the pastries are sweet, and the ambience wouldn’t at all seem out of place in Munich. Patrons sit in a large room with some comfy seating and receive quick service; the food, such as hot wraps or chicken shwarma, is delicious. The coffee shop has recently broadened its horizons to become an evening oyster and wine bar – very cool. Try the speciality coffee...if you dare.
oGarden CafeCAFE$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %081-124 8317; 17 Hafen St; light meals from N$25)
The garden setting, white-wood furnishings, great coffee and filled rolls add up to one of our favourite little haunts in town. The baked treats, Black Forest gateau among them, are also highlights. Travellers tend to agree with our positive experience – we're yet to hear a bad word said about this place.
Seabreeze Coffee ShopCAFE$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Waterfront Complex; snacks & meals N$15-50; h7.15am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 8am-1pm Sat)
This smallish waterfront cafe offers attractive sea views, so make it a double espresso and linger a bit longer than you normally would. Bratwurst sausage, boerewors (farmer's sausage) in a hotdog, burgers and toasties feature on the menu, along with breakfasts. It’s a well-run place with outdoor seating.
BarrelsGERMAN$$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202458; 5 Nachtigal St; mains N$50-120; h6-10pm Mon-Fri)
A wonderfully festive bar-restaurant accented by occasional live music, Barrels offers rotating daily specials highlighting fresh seafood and German staples. Portions are hefty and the buffet (N$150) is great value.
Penguin RestaurantSEAFOOD$$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-204000; http://nesthotel.com/services/restaurant; 820 Diaz St; mains from N$80; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm)
Part of the Nest Hotel and with a prime waterfront location, Penguin restaurant does all the usual Lüderitz seafood suspects – oysters, seafood curry, seafood platter – and they're usually excellent, but travellers give this place mixed reviews. It's a classier place than most in town
Ritzi’s Seafood RestaurantSEAFOOD$$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202818; Waterfront Complex; mains from N$75; h8am-9pm Tue-Sat, noon-9pm Mon)
Occupying a choice location in the waterfront complex, Ritzi’s is the town’s top spot for seafood matched with fine sunset views. The food can be a little hit-or-miss, but the location is difficult to beat and outside dining catches the breeze and the views. Try the seafood curry or seafood platter; there’s a decent wine selection.
8Information
Dangers & Annoyances
Stay well clear of the Sperrgebiet, unless you’re part of an organised tour, as much of the area remains strictly off limits despite its national-park status. The northern boundary is formed by the B4 and extends almost as far east as Aus. The boundary is patrolled by some fairly ruthless characters, and trespassers will be prosecuted (or worse).
Money
Several banks on Bismarck St change cash and travellers cheques.
Commercial Bank of Namibia ( GOOGLE MAP )
First National Bank ( GOOGLE MAP )
Standard Bank ( GOOGLE MAP )
Tourist Information
Namibia Wildlife Resorts (NWR; MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %063-202752; www.nwr.com.na; Schinz St; h7.30am-1pm & 2-4pm Mon-Fri) This local office can help with national-park information.
8Getting There & Away
Air Namibia travels about three times a week between Windhoek and Lüderitz. The airport is 8km southeast of town.
Somewhat irregular combis connect Lüderitz to Keetmanshoop, with fares averaging around N$250. Buses depart from the southern edge of town at informal bus stops along Bismarck St.
Lüderitz and the scenery en route are worth the 334km trip from Keetmanshoop via the tarred B4. When the wind blows – which is most of the time – the final 10km into Lüderitz may be blocked by a barchan dune field that seems bent upon crossing the road. Conditions do get hazardous, especially if it’s foggy, and the drifts pile quite high before road crews clean them off. Obey local speed limits, and avoid driving at night if possible.
Sperrgebiet National Park
Although it’s been off limits to the public for most of the last century, in 2008 the Namibian government inaugurated the Sperrgebiet (Forbidden Area) as a national park. Geographically speaking, the park encompasses the northern tip of the Succulent Karoo Biorne, an area of 26,000 sq km of dunes and mountains that appear dramatically stark, but represent one of 25 outstanding global ‘hotspots’ of unique biodiversity.
The Sperrgebiet originally consisted of two private concessions: Diamond Area 1 and Diamond Area 2. The latter, home to the Kolmanskop ghost town and Elizabeth Bay, has been open to the public for some time now. Since 2004 parts of the former have also been opened up to specialist conservation groups, though given the diamond industry’s security concerns, access has been carefully controlled.
History
The ‘Forbidden Area’ was established in 1908 following the discovery of diamonds near Lüderitz. Although mining operations were localised along the coast, a huge swath of southern Namibia was sectioned off in the interest of security. The tight restrictions on access have helped to keep much of the area pristine. De Beers Centenary, a partner in De Beers Consolidated Diamond Mines, continues to control the entire area until the MET establishes a management plan for the park. We're still waiting..
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
The international trade in diamonds as gemstones is unique in comparison to precious metals like gold and platinum since diamonds are not traded as a commodity. As a result, the price of diamonds is artificially inflated by a few key players, and there exists virtually no secondary market. For example, wholesale trade and diamond cutting was historically limited to a few locations, including New York, Antwerp, London, Tel Aviv and Amsterdam, though recently centres have been established in China, India and Thailand.
Since its establishment in 1888, De Beers has maintained a virtual monopoly on the world’s diamond mines and distribution channels for gem-quality stones. At one time it was estimated that over 80% of the world’s uncut diamonds were controlled by the subsidiaries of De Beers, though this percentage has dropped below 50% in more recent years. However, De Beers continues to take advantage of its market position by establishing strict price controls, and marketing diamonds directly to preferential consumers (known as sight holders) in world markets.
Once purchased by sight holders, diamonds are then cut and polished to sell as gemstones, though these activities are limited to the select locations mentioned earlier. Once they have been prepared, diamonds are then sold on one of 24 diamond exchanges known as bourses. This is the final tightly controlled step in the diamond supply chain, as retailers are only permitted to buy relatively small amounts of diamonds before preparing them for final sale to the consumer.
In recent years, the diamond industry has come under increasing criticism regarding the buying and selling of conflict or ‘blood’ diamonds, those diamonds mined in war zones and sold to finance the ongoing conflict. In response to increasing public concern, the Kimberley Process was instituted in 2002, which was aimed at preventing the trade of conflict diamonds on the international market. The main mechanism by which the Kimberley Process operates is by documenting and certifying diamond exports from producing countries in order to ensure that proceeds are not being used to fund criminal or revolutionary activities.
1Sights
KolmanskopHISTORIC SITE
( GOOGLE MAP ; N$75; h9.30am & 11am Mon-Sat, 10am Sun)
Named after early Afrikaner trekker Jani Kolman, whose ox wagon became bogged in the sand here, Kolmanskop was originally constructed as the Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM) headquarters. Although Kolmanskop once boasted a casino, bowling alley and a theatre with fine acoustics, the slump in diamond sales after WWI and the discovery of richer pickings at Oranjemund ended its heyday. By 1956, the town was totally deserted, and left to the mercy of the shifting desert sands.
Today, Kolmanskop has been partially restored as a tourist attraction, and the sight of decrepit buildings being invaded by dunes is simply too surreal to describe. You can turn up at any time, and you’re not required to arrive as part of an organised tour, though you do need to purchase a permit in advance through either the NWR office in Lüderitz or a local tour operator. Guided tours (in English and German), which are included in the price of the permit, depart from the museum in Kolmanskop. After the tour, you can return to the museum, which contains relics and information on the history of Namibian diamond mining.
Unfortunately the coffee shop and gift shop and often-large tourist numbers dampen the potentially eerie effect of this old town. If there are a lot of tourists around (likely) then you’re better off skipping the organised part of the trip here and focusing instead on wandering around the decrepit buildings and piles of sand, getting a bit of a taste for this old deserted town.
Kolmanskop is only a 15-minute drive from Lüderitz, just off the main B4 highway. Tour agencies sell tours to Kolmanskop, or you can drive yourself so long as you have arranged the permit beforehand.
GEOLOGY & THE FOUR CS OF DIAMONDS
Diamonds are the best-known allotrope (form) of carbon, and are characterised by their extreme hardness (they are the hardest naturally occurring mineral) and high dispersion of light (diamonds are prismatic when exposed to white light). As a result, they are valued for industrial purposes as abrasives since they can only be scratched by other diamonds, and for ornamental purposes since they retain lustre when polished. It’s estimated that 130 million carats (or 26,000kg) of diamonds are mined annually, yielding a market value of over US$9 billion.
Diamonds are formed when carbon-bearing materials are exposed to high pressures and temperatures for prolonged periods of time. With the exception of synthetically produced diamonds, favourable conditions only occur beneath the continental crust, starting at depths of about 150km. Once carbon crystallises, a diamond will then continue to grow in size so long as it is exposed to both sufficiently high temperatures and pressures. However, size is limited by the fact that diamond-bearing rock is eventually expelled towards the surface through deep-origin volcanic eruptions. Eventually they are forced to the surface by magma, and are expelled from a volcanic pipe.
Since the early 20th century the quality of a diamond has been determined by four properties, now commonly used as basic descriptors of a stone: carat, clarity, colour and cut.
Carat weight measures the mass of a diamond, with one carat equal to 200mg. Assuming all other properties are equal, the value of a diamond increases exponentially in relation to carat weight since larger diamonds are rarer.
Clarity is a measure of internal defects known as inclusions, which are foreign materials or structural imperfections present in the stone. Higher clarity is associated with value, and it’s estimated that only about 20% of all diamonds mined have a high enough clarity rating to be sold as gemstones.
Although a perfect diamond is transparent with a total absence of hue, virtually all diamonds have a discernable colour due to chemical impurities and structural defects. Depending on the hue and intensity, a diamond’s colour can either detract from or enhance its value (yellow diamonds are discounted, while pink and blue diamonds are more valuable).
Finally, the cut of a diamond describes the quality of workmanship and the angles to which a diamond is cut.
8Getting There & Away
Do not attempt to access the Sperrgebiet in a private vehicle as you will be inviting a whole mess of trouble. The only exception to this statement is Kolmanskop, which can be accessed if you have the necessary permits.
WILDLIFE & CONSERVATION
Forty percent of the park is desert, and 30% is grassland; the rest is rocks, granite mountains and moonscape. Though the area has yet to be fully explored, initial scientific assessments have discovered 776 plant species, 230 of which are thought to be unique to the park. There are also populations of gemsbok, brown hyenas and rare, threatened reptile species, including the desert rain frog. Bird species are extremely varied, and include the dune lark, black-headed canary and the African oystercatcher.
The Namibian Nature Foundation (www.nnf.org.na) will eventually take over the planning for the park and will focus on community-based initiatives to ensure that locals benefit. The eventual development of tourism in the Sperrgebiet is expected to stimulate the economy of Lüderitz, which will serve as the main gateway to the park.
The Far South & Fish River Canyon
Situated within the angle between Southern Africa’s two most remote quarters, Namaqualand and the Kalahari, Namibia’s bleak southern tip exudes a sense of isolation from whichever direction you approach it. As you travel along the highway, the seemingly endless desert plains stretch to all horizons, only to suddenly tear asunder at the mighty Fish River Canyon. This gash across the desert landscape is one of Namibia’s most stunning geological formations, luring in determined bands of trekkers each winter, bent on traipsing across its vast expanse.
Grünau
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For most travellers, Grünau is either the first petrol station north of the South African border, or a logical overnight stop for weary drivers between Cape Town and Windhoek. We could go on, but it really doesn't get any more exciting than that...
4Sleeping
White House Guest FarmGUESTHOUSE$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-262061, 081 285 6484; www.withuis.iway.na; r N$300-620)
An excellent spot to rest for the night is the White House Guest Farm. Dolf and Kinna de Wet’s wonderful and popular B&B (yes, it is a white house) has well-priced, self-catering accommodation. Kitchen facilities are available, though the hosts will also provide set meals and braai packs on request. Head 11km towards Keetmanshoop on the B1 and turn west at the White House signpost; it’s 4km off the road.
This renovated farmhouse, which dates from 1912, is architecturally stunning.
8Getting There & Away
Grünau is 144km northwest of the Velloorsdrift border crossing along the C10, and 142km north of the Noordoewer border crossing along the B1.
Fish River Canyon
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Nowhere else in Africa will you find anything quite like Fish River Canyon ( GOOGLE MAP ; per person per day N$80, per vehicle N$10). Whether you're getting a taste of the sheer scale and beauty of the place from one of the lookouts, or hiking for five days to immerse yourself in its multifaceted charm, Fish River Canyon is a special place.
At one level, the numbers don’t lie: the canyon measures 160km in length, up to 27km in width, and the dramatic inner canyon reaches a depth of 550m. But as impressive as these numbers are, it’s difficult to get a sense of perspective without actually experiencing the enormous scope of the canyon, something best done on the monumental five-day hike that traverses half its length. The reward is nothing less than an unforgettable relationship with one of Africa’s greatest natural wonders.
History
The San have a legend that the wildly twisting Fish River Canyon was gouged out by a frantically scrambling snake, Koutein Kooru, as he was pursued into the desert by hunters. However, the geological story is a bit different…
Fish River, which joins the Orange River 110km south of the canyon, has been gouging out this gorge for aeons. Surprisingly, Fish River Canyon is actually two canyons, one inside the other, which were formed in entirely different ways. It’s thought that the original sedimentary layers of shale, sandstone and loose igneous material around Fish River Canyon were laid down nearly two billion years ago, and were later metamorphosed by heat and pressure into more solid materials, such as gneiss. Just under a billion years ago, cracks in the formation admitted intrusions of igneous material, which cooled to form the dolerite dykes (which are now exposed in the inner canyon).
The surface was then eroded into a basin and covered by a shallow sea, which eventually filled with sediment – sandstone, conglomerate, quartzite, limestone and shale – washed down from the surrounding exposed lands. Around 500 million years ago, a period of tectonic activity along crustal faults caused these layers to rift and to tilt at a 45-degree angle. These forces opened a wide gap in the earth’s crust and formed a large canyon.
This was what we now regard as the outer canyon, the bottom of which was the first level of terraces that are visible approximately 170m below the eastern rim and 380m below the western rim. This newly created valley naturally became a watercourse (the Fish River, oddly enough), which began eroding a meandering path along the valley floor and eventually gouged out what is now the 270m-deep inner canyon.
Fish River Canyon
1Sights
2Activities, Courses & Tours
4Sleeping
1Sights
The canyon, seen most clearly in the morning, is stark, very beautiful and seemingly carved into the earth by a master builder – it flaunts its other-worldliness. The exposed rock and lack of plant life is quite startling. Its rounded edges and sharp corners create a symphony in stone of gigantic and imposing proportions. If you have a viewpoint to yourself it’s a perfect place to reflect on this country’s unique landscape, harsh environment and immense horizons.
Main ViewpointVIEWPOINT
( MAP GOOGLE MAP )
This viewpoint has probably the best – and most photographed – overall canyon outlook, with views that take in the sharp river bend known as Hell's Corner. Better still, it's accessible to everyone, not just those hiking the full five-day canyon trail.
2Activities
Hiking is obviously the main event here, but following the death of an ill-prepared hiker in 2001, the NWR decided to strictly prohibit day hikes and leisure walks into Fish River Canyon.
Fish River Hiking TrailHIKING
(per person N$250; h15 Apr-15 Sep)
The five-day hike from Hobas to Ai-Ais is Namibia’s most popular long-distance walk – and with good reason. The magical 85km route, which follows the sandy riverbed past a series of ephemeral pools, begins at Hikers’ Viewpoint, and ends at the hot-spring resort of Ai-Ais.
Due to flash flooding and heat in summer months, the route is open only from 15 April to 15 September. Groups of three to 30 people may begin the hike every day of the season, though you will have to book in advance as the trail is extremely popular. Reservations can be made at the NWR office in Windhoek.
Officials may ask to see a doctor’s certificate of fitness, issued less than 40 days before your hike, though if you look young and fit, they're unlikely to ask. Hikers must arrange their own transport to and from the start and finish, as well as accommodation in Hobas and Ai-Ais.
Thanks to the typically warm, clear weather, you probably won’t need a tent, but you must carry a sleeping bag and food. In Hobas, check on water availability in the canyon. In August and September, the last 15km of the walk can be completely dry and hikers will need several 2L water bottles to manage this hot, sandy stretch. Large plastic soft-drink bottles normally work just fine.
Hiking Route
From Hobas, it’s 10km to Hikers’ Viewpoint, which is the start of the trail – hikers must find their own transport to this point. The steep and scenic section at the beginning takes you from the canyon rim to the river, where you’ll have a choice of fabulous sandy campsites beside cool green river pools.
Although some maps show the trail following the river quite closely, it’s important to note that the best route changes from year to year. This is largely due to sand and vegetation deposited by the previous year’s floods. In general, the easiest hiking will be along the inside of the river bends, where you’re likely to find wildlife trails and dry, nonsandy terrain that’s free of vegetation tangles, slippery stones and large boulders.
After an exhausting 13km hike through the rough sand and boulders along the east bank, the Sulphur Springs Viewpoint track joins the main route. If you’re completely exhausted at this stage and can’t handle the conditions, this trail can be used as an emergency exit from the canyon. If it’s any encouragement, however, the going gets easier as you move downstream, so why not head a further 2km to Sulphur Springs, set up camp and see how you feel in the morning?
Sulphur Springs (more commonly called Palm Springs) is an excellent campsite with thermal sulphur pools (a touch of paradise) to soothe your aching muscles. The springs, which have a stable temperature of 57°C, gush up from the underworld at an amazing 30L per second and contain not only sulphur but also chloride and fluoride.
Legend has it that during WWI, two German prisoners of war hid out at Sulphur Springs to escape internment. One was apparently suffering from asthma, and the other from skin cancer, but thanks to the spring’s healing powers, both were cured. It’s also said that the palm trees growing here sprang up from date pips discarded by these two Germans.
The next section of the hike consists mostly of deep sand, pebbles and gravel. The most direct route through the inside river bends requires hikers to cross the river several times. The Table Mountain formation lies 15km beyond Sulphur Springs, and a further 15km on is the first short cut, which avoids an area of dense thorn scrub known as Bushy Corner. Around the next river bend, just upstream from the Three Sisters rock formation, is a longer short cut past Kanebis Bend up to Kooigoedhoogte Pass. At the top, you’ll have a superb view of Four Finger Rock, an impressive rock tower consisting of four thick pinnacles (though they more closely resemble a cow’s udder than fingers).
After descending to the river, you’ll cross to the west bank and start climbing over yet another short cut (although you can also follow the river bend). At the southern end of this pass, on the west bank of the river, lies the grave of Lieutenant Thilo von Trotha, who was killed here in a 1905 confrontation between the Germans and the Nama.
The final 25km into Ai-Ais, which can be completed in one long day, follows an easy but sandy and rocky route. South of von Trotha’s grave, the canyon widens out and becomes drier. Be advised that towards the end of winter, the final 15km are normally completely dry, so you will need to carry sufficient water.
Ai-Ais Hot SpringsHOT SPRINGS
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; adult/child N$80/free; hsunrise-sunset)
The hot springs at Ai-Ais (Nama, appropriately, for ‘Scalding Hot’) are beneath the towering peaks at the southern end of Fish River Canyon. They’re rich in chloride, fluoride and sulphur, and are reputedly therapeutic for sufferers of rheumatism or nervous disorders. The hot water is piped to a series of baths and spas as well as an outdoor swimming pool.
Although the 60°C springs have probably been known to the San for thousands of years, the legend goes that they were ‘discovered’ by a nomadic Nama shepherd rounding up stray sheep.
A pleasant diversion is the short scramble to the peak that rises above the opposite bank (note that the trail is not marked). It affords a superb view of Ai-Ais, and you will even see the four pinnacles of Four Finger Rock rising far to the north. The return trip takes approximately two hours.
Amenities include a shop, restaurant, petrol station, tennis courts, post office and, of course, a swimming pool, spa and mineral-bath facilities.
Be advised that during summer, there’s a serious risk of flooding – Ai-Ais was destroyed by floods in both 1972 and 2000.
CROSS-BORDER PARK
Fish River Canyon is part of the |Ai- |Ais Richtersveld Transfrontier Park, one of an increasing number of ‘peace’ or cross-border parks in Southern Africa. Straddling southern Namibia and South Africa (and measuring 6045 sq km), it boasts one of the most species-rich arid zones in the world. It also encompasses Richtersveld National Park (in South Africa) and the Orange River valley.
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Accommodation inside the park must be prebooked through the NWR office in Windhoek. In addition to the accommodation inside and close to the park, other excellent possibilities can be found at Gondwana Cañon Park.
Hobas Camp SiteCAMPGROUND$
( GOOGLE MAP ; camping N$170, s/d N$1080/1760; s)
Administered by NWR, this pleasant and well-shaded campground near the park’s northern end is about 10km from the main viewpoints. Facilities are clean and there’s a kiosk and swimming pool, but no restaurant or petrol station. Rooms in bush chalets were under construction when we last passed through.
Ai-Ais Hot Springs SpaRESORT$$
( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; www.nwrnamibia.com/ai-ais.htm; camping N$190, mountain-river-view d N$1330/1620; s)
Administered by NWR, amenities here include washing blocks, braai pits and use of the resort facilities, including the hot springs. The rooms are tidy, if a touch overpriced, and there are also slightly more expensive river-view rooms. There are family chalets available and an on-site restaurant and small grocery store.
oFish River LodgeLODGE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %061-228104, 063-683005; www.fishriverlodge-namibia.com; s/d N$1995/3056)
With 20 chalets located on the western rim of the canyon, Fish River Lodge is a magical spot to enjoy the landscape. Rooms are gorgeous, modern and come with superlative views. Activities include the five-night canyon hike (85km, April to September), or a day hike for the less ambitious.
Access to the lodge is from the D463, which links the B4 in the north and the C13 to the west.
8Information
The main access points for Fish River Canyon are at Hobas, near the northern end of the park, and Ai-Ais, near the southern end. Both are administered by the NWR. Accommodation must be booked in advance through the Windhoek office. Daily park permits (N$80 per person and N$10 per vehicle) are valid for both Hobas and Ai-Ais.
The Hobas Information Centre ( GOOGLE MAP ; h7.30am-noon & 2-5pm), at the northern end of the park, is also the check-in point for the five-day canyon hike. Packaged snacks and cool drinks are available here, but little else. If you’re on your way to view the canyon, use the toilets here – there are none further on.
The Fish River typically flows between March and April. Early in the tourist season, from April to June, it may diminish to a trickle, and by midwinter, to just a chain of remnant pools along the canyon floor.
8Getting There & Away
There’s no public transport to Hobas or Ai-Ais, and you’ll really need a private vehicle to get around. The drive in from Grünau to Hobas is on a decent gravel road, accessible most of the year in a 2WD, although it can be problematic immediately after heavy rain.
Gondwana Cañon Park
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Founded in 1996, the 100,000-hectare Gondwana Cañon Park was created by amalgamating several former sheep farms and removing the fences to restore the wilderness country immediately northeast of |Ai- |Ais Richtersveld Transfrontier Park. Water holes have been established and wildlife is returning to this wonderful, remote corner of Namibia. In the process, the park absorbed the former Augurabies-Steenbok Nature Reserve, which had been created earlier to protect not only steenboks but also Hartmann’s mountain zebras, gemsboks and klipspringers. Predators are still yet to arrive in numbers, but expect that to change as word gets out...
2Activities
A wide range of activities, from 4WD excursions and guided hikes to horseback riding and scenic flights, is available through the accommodation places in the area.
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Cañon Mountain CampLODGE$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %061-244558; r N$1080; s)
One of the more budget-orientated properties in the area, this remote mountain camp occupies a high-altitude setting amid dolerite hills. Self-caterers can take advantage of the fully equipped kitchen, braai pits and communal lounges. The whitewashed walls evoke a cross between New Mexico and the south of Spain.
Canyon RoadhouseGUESTHOUSE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %061-230066; www.gondwana-collection.com; camping N$175, s/d from N$1511/2422; Ws)
This wonderful (and terribly kitsch) place attempts to recreate a roadhouse out on the wildest stretches of Route 66 – at least as it exists in the collective imagination. Buffets are served on an antique motorcycle, and the stunning window shades and bar stools are made from used air filters from heavy-duty vehicles. Rooms (which are all the same) are brightly coloured with low-slung roofs and modern touches.
The walk-in shower is a luxury and the cheapish furniture is offset by a Mediterranean feel. There's a well-maintained area out the back with 12 campsites, toilets and braai facilities. Its a handy place to stop for lunch during the day too -– try the Amarula cheesecake. It also offers guided excursions to Fish River Canyon viewpoints nearby as well as hiking and 4WD excursions.
oCanyon LodgeLODGE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %061-427200, 063-693014; www.gondwana-collection.com; camping from N$120, s/d from N$2035/3256; aWs)
This mountain retreat is one of Namibia’s most stunning accommodation options and it comes at a price that is surprisingly reasonable. The whole place, but especially the luxury stone bungalows, is sympathetically integrated into its boulder-strewn backdrop. The outlook is dramatic and the bungalows, with flagstone floors, have great privacy. The restaurant, housed in a 1908 farmhouse, is tastefully decorated with historic farming implements and has rambling gardens.
It’s a very friendly place, the food is first-class and we’ve never met a nicer barman.
Canyon VillageCOTTAGE$$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %063-693025, 061-427200; www.gondwana-collection.com; s/d from N$1425/2280; as)
Drawing inspiration from the Cape Dutch villages of yesteryear, this wonderfully bucolic spot hugs a rock face on the outskirts of Fish River Canyon. Cottages are spacious and comfortable, and afford great views of the area. The centrepiece is a thatched restaurant serving traditional Afrikaner specialities.
8Getting There & Away
Gondwana Cañon Park can be accessed via private vehicle along the C37, south of Seeheim.
Noordoewer
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Noordoewer sits astride the Orange River, which has its headwaters in the Drakensberg Mountains of Natal (South Africa) and forms much of the boundary between Namibia and South Africa. Although the town primarily serves as a border crossing and a centre for viticulture, it is a good base for organising a canoeing or rafting adventure on the Orange River.
2Activities
Canoe and rafting trips are normally done in stages and last three to six days. The popular trips from Noordoewer north to Aussenkehr aren’t treacherous by any stretch – the white water never exceeds Class II – but they do provide access to some wonderfully wild canyon country. Other possible stages include Aussenkehr to the Fish River mouth; Fish River mouth to Nama Canyon (which has a few more serious rapids); and Nama Canyon to Selingsdrif.
Amanzi TrailsCANOEING
( GOOGLE MAP ; %in South Africa 27 21-559 1573; www.amanzitrails.co.za)
This well-established South African company is based in Amanzi River Camp, and specialises in four- and five-night guided canoe trips down the Orange River costing N$2990/3380 per person. It also arranges shorter self-guided trips and longer excursions up Fish River for more experienced clients.
Felix UniteCANOEING
(%in South Africa 27 87 354 0578; www.felixunite.com)
Another highly reputable South African operator, Felix Unite, based in Camp Provenance, specialises in five-day guided canoe and rafting trips down the Orange River costing N$3295 per person. It can also combine these excursions with lengthier trips around the Western Cape of South Africa.
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Amanzi River CampCAMPGROUND$
(%in South Africa 27 21-559 1573; http://amanzitrails.co.za/amanzi-river-camp/; camping per adult/child N$130/80, s/d/tr/q chalets N$430/550/670/790)
This well-situated camp, 15km down Orange River Rd, sits on the riverbank. It’s the launch point for Amanzi Trails, so you can stock up on supplies, indulge in a hot meal and get a good night’s rest before embarking on your canoe trip.
Camp ProvenanceCAMPGROUND$$
( GOOGLE MAP ; %in South Africa 27-21-702-9400; www.felixunite.com; camping N$120, r N$965-1725)
Approximately 10km west of Noordoewer is this safari-chic river camp and launch point for Felix Unite. Purists can pitch their own tent on the grassy field, while lovers of creature comforts can bed down in a permanent tent or chalet, and stockpile their reserves for the paddling ahead.
8Getting There & Away
Noordoewer is located just off the B1 near the South African border, and is only accessible by private transport.