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My Life as an Indian Squaw
 

“I fell then into a deep slumber and I had the strangest dream … at least it happened like a dream … It must have been a dream, for my husband was now in the tent with me, he was still dancing softly, noiselessly, his moccasined feet rising and falling gracefully, soundlessly, he spun softly around the fire, danced like a spirit being around me where I lay sleeping. I began to become aroused, felt a tingling in my stomach, an erotic tickle between my legs, the immutable pull of desire as he displayed to me.”
(from the journals of May Dodd)
 




 
Good Lord! Four days here, no time to make journal entries, exhausted, nearly insane from strangeness, sleeplessness, lack of privacy. I fear the Captain was right, this entire experiment is insane, a terrible mistake. Like moving into a den with a pack of wild dogs.
First of all, how utterly perverse is the notion of sharing a tent with one’s future husband, his two other wives, an old crone, a young girl, a young boy, and an infant! Yes, that is how many live in our quarters. How, one might fairly inquire, are conjugal relations to be managed? Privacy, such as it is, is maintained by the simple fact that no one ever looks at the other, much less speaks. It is the most peculiar feeling, like being invisible. And I can hardly describe the odor of all these bodies living in such proximity.
I am being attended to by the Chief’s “second” wife—a pretty girl not much older than myself whose name, according to Reverend Hare, is Feather on Head. As mentioned Little Wolf appears to have two other wives, but the older one serves largely the function of domestic help—she cooks and cleans and has yet to so much as acknowledge my presence in the lodge. This one’s name is Quiet One, for she almost never speaks. Although she goes about her business as if I don’t exist, my woman’s instinct senses her hatred of me as keenly as if she were holding a knife blade to my throat. Indeed, I have had the same nightmare every night since we arrived. In my dream I awaken and the woman is crouched over me, squatting like a gargoyle, holding a knife to my throat. I try to scream, but I cannot, because to move is to cut my throat on the blade. I always wake from this dream unable to breathe, gasping for air, choking. I must watch out for this one …
Our women have been immediately pressed into action doing the most demeaning women’s work around the camp—we are like children taught by our Indian mothers, little more than slaves if the truth be told. It was our understanding that we were to be instructing them in the ways of the civilized world, not being made beasts of burden, but, as Helen Flight has pointed out, of what use are table manners to those without tables. Indeed, the savage women seem to be taking full advantage of our situation as newcomers by making us do all the hardest labor. We haul water at dawn from the creek, gather firewood for the morning meal, and spend our afternoons digging roots in the fields. God, what drudgery! Only Phemie seems to have escaped the daily chores—I do not as yet know how she has managed this, for I have barely seen her. The camp is large and spread out, and we are all working so hard that it is all we can do to eat a morsel or two of revolting boiled meat from the pot and collapse on our sleeping places at the end of the day. For my part, I will cooperate with our hosts for a time, but I have no intention of being made a slave, or a servant, and several of us have already voiced our complaints to Reverend Hare about this treatment.
For their part, the savage men appear to spend an inordinate amount of time lounging around their lodges, smoking and gossiping among themselves … so that it occurs to me that perhaps our cultures are not so different after all: the women do all the real work while the men do all the talking.
 
We are told that the savages are plotting some sort of group wedding ceremony which involves little more than an elaborate feast and a dance, but these plans have been complicated by the presence of Reverend Hare, who feels obligated to conduct a Christian ceremony. Speaking of whom, while it would be very useful, indeed, if the Reverend made himself available to translate and help us adapt to our strange new life, he is truly one of the most indolent individuals I’ve ever encountered and has spent most of our first few days here lounging like a minidiety on his buffalo robes in the tent he shares with one of the Cheyenne holy men—a fellow named Dog Woman … which peculiarity of name I shall attempt to explain in a later entry. Truly so much has happened, our senses have been so constantly assaulted by one bizarre occurrence and sight after another, and I am usually so exhausted, that I don’t see how I shall ever be able properly to record this experience …
In any case, the Reverend has got things in an even greater turmoil; under the agreed upon arrangement we have the option of “divorcing” our Indian “husbands” after two years. But evidently certain of the denominations who are participating in this scheme under the auspices of the Church Missionary Society do not permit divorce—which presents a bit of a problem if we are to be married in a Christian ceremony. Such nonsense! It would seem to me better for all concerned if we merely entered into the heathen union—after all, “when in Rome …”—under which there would be no future legal or religious obligation. In any case, until all of this is sorted out no marital relationships are to be consummated—although I for one say, let’s get down to the business at hand.
I have, I should here mention, quite put John Bourke out of my mind and am prepared to be a dutiful wife to my Chief. This is easier said than done, but it is clear to me that if I am to keep any hold at all on my sanity, I must not dwell on what might have been … to do so would be to go truly mad. It is the one lesson I learned well at the asylum—to live each day as it comes, day by day, and to dwell neither on regrets of the past nor worries about the future—both of which are beyond my power to influence. This lesson should be well applicable to life among the barbarians, for in a genuine sense I feel as though I have simply entered another kind of asylum—and this one the maddest of them all.
A few more words about our daily routine: in the morning the men gather at the creek to take a swim together. The women do not seem to observe this daily ritual, but occasionally go down to the creek in the afternoon to take a kind of cloth bath—which is hardly sufficient after a day of the filthiest labor imaginable. Personally, I enjoy a daily bath, something I missed more than anything at the asylum and during our long journey. And so on our third morning here I followed the Chief from the lodge. He has so far paid me little attention—has hardly spoken to me or even looked at me—let alone made any amorous advances toward me.
I have brought with me among my few meager possessions my old bathing costume that I once wore another lifetime ago at Sunday outings with Harry to the beach on Lake Michigan. It was in a trunk among my effects at the institution and it was partly as a sentimental gesture that I packed it with me here. However, I also had in the back of my mind just precisely this matter of bathing in the wilds. I had no idea what provisions the savages made for personal hygiene, but I assumed that we would be reduced to something as basic as a dip in the creek, and I certainly had no intention of appearing before everyone in a natural state. When I saw that the men made this swim every morning while the women hauled water and firewood, stoked the fires, and prepared the morning meal, I determined my own clear preference to join the men at the creek. Indeed, as a young girl I was rather an accomplished swimmer—a recreation that I deeply missed after my incarceration.
Thus I awoke early this morning and, beneath my buffalo robes, dressed in my bathing costume. (I must say, lack of privacy notwithstanding, the bed of pine boughs, buffalo robes, and trade blankets is not altogether uncomfortable.) When the Chief slipped from our tent for his morning dip I followed him to the creek. There the other men had gathered at a pool formed by a beaver dam, chattering away like schoolboys and taking deep preparatory breaths prior to plunging into the frigid (as I quickly discovered!) water. When I first joined them they issued a kind of collective murmur of disapproval, more of a grunting actually. Then one of them made some sort of a remark—I’m certain now that he was making reference to my bathing costume, and they all began to laugh, a horribly unattractive guffawing which soon had them clutching their sides and rolling on the ground like morons. Only Little Wolf maintained his chiefly composure.
The men’s rudeness angered me and, I confess, wounded my vanity. I have always believed that my bathing costume shows my figure to its best advantage. Nor am I accustomed to being made an object of ridicule. I’m certain I blushed deeply, and I had to fight back tears of shame and rage. But I refused to be defeated by their idiocy. Instead, I gathered myself and walked out to the end of a log over the beaver pond, and executed the most graceful dive I could muster into the icy depths—praying all the while that it wasn’t too shallow! Truly, I thought my heart would stop from the shock when I hit the water! I swam deeply and when I broke the surface the men were no longer laughing but standing all together watching me with expressions of some admiration.
Now this afternoon I learn, via Reverend Hare, that the Indian name given to me is Mesoke which means “Swallow,” rather a charming name I think, and one for which I feel very fortunate. For instance, the Reverend tells me that our large, gregarious friend, Gretchen, has been named something unpronounceable that he translates as Speaks with Big Voice—which, I suppose, is a variation of our own more vulgar “loudmouth.” My, but these are a literal-minded people …
After my dip, which once I had adapted to the frigidity of the water was magnificently invigorating, the men suddenly seemed too shy to enter the pool themselves … perhaps they objected to swimming with a woman. One by one, they drifted away to another section of the creek until only Little Wolf was left watching me. I suspect that I had violated some ridiculous code of heathen behavior by trying to swim with the men. How preposterous! It rather reminds me of the stuffy men’s club in Chicago to which Father belongs … Yes … well, with that thought in mind I believe I’ll call this The Savage Men’s Bathing Club!
Little Wolf finally slipped into the water himself. He wore only a breechclout—an immodest article of clothing if such it can be called, little more than a flap of leather hanging from a string tied loosely about the waist. It barely conceals his …
Let me describe the Chief. He is a slender man, rather fine-boned and small-muscled, dark-eyed and dark-complected. His skin is extraordinarily smooth and unlined, the color of deeply burnished copper. He has very high cheekbones, that seem nearly Asian, perhaps Mongolian, and his hair is perfectly black, glossy as a raven’s feathers. He is actually quite handsome in a “foreign” sort of way, and he appears to be a man of the utmost dignity and bearing. I have yet to see him behave in anything other than the most chiefly fashion. I do find him to be a bit stern of countenance. In fact, as he waded into the water I thought to myself, “I would like just once to see my intended smile.” And, lo and behold, at precisely that moment, as if somehow he had read my mind, I thought that I saw the flicker of a smile cross the Chief’s face, though certainly, I suppose it may just as easily have been an involuntary grimace in reaction to the icy waters.
Mr. Little Wolf plunged underwater, sleek and graceful as a river otter, came to the surface, shaking himself lightly like a dog, and exited the pool without another glance in my direction. Frankly, I was a bit disappointed as this seemed the perfect opportunity to become acquainted away from the others with whom we are in such constant proximity. Not that I expected, or indeed encouraged, romantic advances in the frigid waters of the swimming hole, but it would be lovely if the Chief at least spoke to me.
 
We have determined to hold daily meetings in small groups, scattered about the camp. These are in order to share our experiences and, we hope, aid one another in the transition to savage life. The meetings are supposed to be organized by Reverend Hare, but, as I mentioned, His Corpulence seems to have permanently esconced himself in the lodge he is sharing with the Cheyenne holy man Dog Woman. Let me explain … Not only does this Dog Woman reputedly have the ability to turn himself into a canine, but he is also what the Cheyennes call a he’emnane’e—half-man/half-woman. I do not know if the holy man is one who simply dresses like a woman or is actually hermaphroditic and has the organs of both sexes, but a stranger creature I have never before encountered; in her/his buckskin dress, brightly colored shawl, and leggings he/she makes a very convincing, if not particularly attractive, woman. This is all terribly confusing and only reinforces the sense we are experiencing of having entered another world peopled by a different species of human beings. Again I cannot forget John Bourke’s words to this effect.
This Dog Woman creature seems to be much respected by the Cheyennes and has been chosen to provide quarters to Reverend Hare. The two holy men, one savage and one civilized, one hugely fat and one got up like a woman, make an odd couple, indeed! They, too, have a cronish old woman—Sleeps with Dog Woman, is the manner in which Reverend Hare translates her name, which only confuses the issue further—who lives in their tipi and takes care of them, a kind of live-in servant, I suppose.
The Reverend has sufficient experience living among the Indian tribes of the Middle West that he hardly seems inconvenienced by the lack of amenities and appears to have already made himself quite comfortable here. While one might expect the big man to soon shed some of his excess poundage, the Reverend manages to have some culinary delicacy or other constantly at hand, having arranged for food to be carried to him by the Indian women of the camp. They arrive at his tent in a steady procession all day long bearing various dishes which they present to him as solemnly as if making offerings to an idol. I can’t help but feel that the Reverend is taking some advantage of his position as a holy man.
Well, at least he speaks a bit of the Indian tongue, for which we are all grateful. The language barrier is proving to be a real hindrance to our settlement here; I am working diligently to learn the sign language of which I now know several useful gestures.
Our best intentions to meet daily notwithstanding, the constraints and pressures of our new lives here are already beginning to make themselves felt. After only a few days I sense our community ties loosening. As I mentioned, we are often simply too exhausted after the day’s labors to assemble, and the camp being quite spread out makes it difficult for us to keep track of one another or to get news to and from each other. It is all I can do to steal a few minutes alone with those among my closest friends. The Indians have a camp crier, an old man who makes the rounds of the camp each morning calling out the day’s “news” and “activities,” and I have suggested that we do likewise for our women.
I confess that I was both shocked and thrilled when I finally saw Euphemia at our meeting yesterday. As I may have mentioned I have not seen her with the other women during the chores. Now she strode in like a princess, having already given up her civilized attire in favor of Indian garb—a deerhide dress stitched with sinew thread, moccasins, and leggings. I must say, the costume quite becomes her; she is completely striking.
Several of the women gathered about her to admire her costume. I went immediately to her and grasped her by the hands. “I have been so concerned about you, Phemie,” I said. “I thought you might be ill. Why have I not seen you working with the others?”
Phemie laughed her deep rich laugh. “Oh May,” she said, “I did not come here to be made a slave again. I already escaped once from that life, and when I did so I made the promise to myself that I would never toil for another. I’m a free woman. From now on I choose my work.”
“And how were you able to manage that?” I asked. “While the rest of us do women’s chores?”
“A simple act of refusal, an assertion of my freedom of choice,” Phemie said. “I’ve decided that I should like to be a hunter, not a digger of roots, and so I explained to my husband that my efforts shall be devoted to that end. What can they do to me—put me in chains? Whip me? Let them try. I will always carry scars on my back from the whip and a brand as a reminder of a slave’s life among tyrants, and I will not allow this to be repeated.”
“Good for you, Phemie!” I said, “We must use your example in our meeting today.”
“Let me show you something else, May,” Phemie said, pulling her rawhide dress up to her waist to reveal that she was wearing a Cheyenne chastity string. We had each been presented with one of these ungodly devices by our women tentmates on the first day of our arrival. Apparently all the young Cheyenne girls wear them. It is a small rope which passes around the waist, is knotted in front, two ends passing down between the thighs, each branch wound around the thigh down nearly to the knees. Now several of the more prudish women present (I swear some are so prissy, that I cannot understand whatever possessed them to sign up for this program!) gasped in offended modesty. But Phemie paid them no mind. “No one visits here without a key,” she said in her melodic voice, and she laughed. “I wish that I had had such a contraption when I was in bondage. Many nights at the whim of my master there was no sleep at all for this nigger girl. But now I’m in charge of this part of my life, as well.”
“God Phemie,” I said, “you’re actually wearing the ghastly thing! The old crone who lives in our tent tried to get me to don mine, but I refused. It looks terribly uncomfortable.”
“And she didn’t force you, did she?” Phemie pointed out. “You see, May, these are a democratic people, after all. As to the subject of comfort, it is certainly no less comfortable than the corsets into which many of you strap yourselves daily.”
“But we are here to procreate, Phemie,” I said, “not to protect our chastity.”
“Yes, but that moment, too, I shall decide for myself,” Phemie said.
I must say, contrary to the popular reports in the newspapers and periodicals of the immoral, lurid, and rapacious savage, this hardly seems to be a carnally oriented society. By all accounts at our daily meeting, none of the other women have yet even been approached by their prospective husbands. Under the circumstances a chastity string seems quite superfluous …
“Right ya are, May,” said cheeky Meggie Kelly on the subject. “I been trying to get me laddy’s weapon charged since we got here, but he’ll have noone of it. Shy as a bunny he is.” In a kind of uncannily perfect symmetry, the twins have themselves been paired for matrimony with twin savage men. The four of them together look like some kind of strange mirror image. Twins are considered by the savages to bring good luck to the people, and as a result seem to have a certain special status. Naturally the Kelly girls have been in no hurry to disabuse our hosts of this superstition, as their major responsibility seems to be to saunter around camp with their twin fiances, letting all the others admire them.
At Meggie’s remarks several of us laughed, but the Reverend hushed us sternly. “I will remind you ladies that you are not yet married in the eyes of our Lord,” he said. “And that fornication is forbidden until the marriage union is thus sanctified.”
Aye, in the eyes of your Lord perhaps, Reverend,” said Susie Kelly, “but you’re a damn Protestant! Doesn’t mean a thing to us unless a holy Roman priest conducts the ceremony. And then me and Meggie’d be stuck here in the wilderness married for the rest of our life raising a brood of heathens. Two years is the bargain we stroock. And then Meggie and me has got important business back in Chicago. Right Meggie?”
“Right as rain, Susie,” said Meggie, “but let the fat old heretic marry us in his devil’s church. Like ya say, wouldn’t be binding to a coople of good Catholic girls loyke us.”
Now the Reverend turned very red in the face and began to stammer. “I will not be spoken to in that manner, young lady. I demand respect. It is the Episcopal Church, the only true faith, the true house of the Lord, that has been charged by our government with the task of saving the souls of the heathens!”
“That’s a damn shame, it’tis, Father, for the souls of the heathens, then,” said Meggie, uncowed by the Reverend’s wrath, “because everyone knows that Protestants go to Hell!”
“Blasphemer!” shouted the red-faced Reverend, pointing at the redheads as one. “Blasphemer! Satan’s spawn!”
It occurred to me that the job of making Christians of the savages will certainly be complicated by the fact that we can’t even agree on a common God among ourselves.
“I for one agree with Susan and Margaret,” I spoke up. “The wedding ceremony is a mere formality and should not be binding to any of us. The fact is that we have been sent here to bear children by the savages, and the sooner we have fulfilled our part in this bargain, the sooner we will be free to go home if we so choose. I say, let’s get on with it.”
“And under whose authority, Miss Dodd, have you assumed the moral leadership of our contingent?” asked Narcissa White, who rarely misses an opportunity to undermine my efforts at maintaining unity among our women. I’m certain that her jealously of me is further fueled by the fact that Chief Little Wolf chose me to be his bride, while Miss White was herself taken by a man named Turkey Legs—a gangly, aptly named young fellow without any real stature in the tribe.
“Why, under no one’s authority at all,” I replied, surprised at the charge. “I try only to do my part to expedite our mission here.”
“Your part, my dear,” she said in her most santimonious way, “does not include advising the rest of us on matters of moral conduct or the sanctity of the marriage union. It is my responsibility as official representative of the American Church Missionary Society, and that of Reverend Hare as spiritual agent of the Episcopal Indian Commission, to render decisions on all such spiritual questions. Although it is doubtless true,” she added in her insufferably insinuating tone, “that you have more practical experience in carnal matters.”
At this last, a general tittering ran among the others. All know by now the reason for my incarceration in the asylum—the accusation of promiscuity alone sufficiently damning to ruin a woman’s reputation, especially among other women. Too, it is possible that Captain Bourke and I were spied upon in our moment of passion …
“As the mother of two children,” I answered, “I should certainly hope to be more knowledgable on that particular subject than a fat priest and a zealous spinster,” I answered, “which hardly makes me an expert.”
To which rejoinder, my own supporters laughed heartily.
“I think that some of us had not understood,” I continued, “that our mission here was to be directed by the church. We were under the impression that our first authority was the United States government which hired us to bear children by the savages.”
“Partly true,” said Miss White. “But the government has in turn given over responsibility for the Indians to the care of the church and the Missionary Society. We are the ultimate authority here.”
“Ah, go wan ya beggar,” said Susie. “There isn’t any authority out here.”
I looked at the Reverend, who had returned to his bowl of food, his denominational outrage evidently slackened by the morsels of meat that he placed in his mouth with his fingers, like some kind of wilderness emperor.
Now he wiped his greasy mouth with the back of his hand, and smiled, the picture of fatherly benevolence. “My dear madams,” he said, calmly, “the Episcopal Church has been charged with ministering to the souls of heathens—as well as to seeing that they are eventually settled under God’s protective wing on the reservation.”
“But the Cheyennes do not have a reservation,” I said.
“They will have one soon enough,” he said. “We are even now working toward that end. Then our real work begins.”
“We were all told that our purpose here was to give birth to Cheyenne babies as a means of assimilating the savages,” I said.
“Yes, that, too,” admitted the Reverend, with a shrug. “Washington’s idea. After which the Cheyenne children, yours included, will, at the earliest possible age, be sent to church-affiliated boarding schools which we are presently in the process of establishing across the region. This is all a part of the President’s Indian Peace Plan. In this manner, the children’s first influence at an impressionable age will be civilized white people and good Christians—Protestants, I might add. The hope of the church and the State is that being half-Caucasian by blood, your children will have a distinct spiritual and intellectual advantage over the purebred heathens, and that the savages will in turn peacefully follow this superior new generation into the bosom of civilization, and down the true path of Christian salvation. I am merely here to provide you with spiritual guidance.” At this, the enormous Reverend again made a slight emperor-like incline of his head, which caught the morning light and glistened like a glazed ham.
“And the Kellys and I are only suggesting that we get down to the business at hand,” I repeated.
“As Christians,” said Narcissa White, “some of us may choose for ourselves a higher path upon which to elevate the savages from their lowly lot.”
“Your prospective husband gave a horse for you, just like all the rest,” I pointed out.
“I certainly have no intention of compromising my chastity with a heathen for a horse,” she answered. “I intend to teach my husband that the true path to Christian salvation lies on a higher plane.”
“Ah yooor a grand lady, aren’t ya, Narcissa,” said Meggie Kelly, “and won’t pooor Mr. Turkey Legs be in for a rude surprise on his wedding night when he tries to digs his spurs into that stony coontry!”
“And what about you, Phemie?” I asked.
Phemie chuckled again. Truly I envy her calm. Nothing seems to bother her. “When I’m ready, May,” she said. “And if I like my new husband and believe that he will make a good father to my children, then yes, I’ll remove my chastity string. However, as he is both a heathen and a nigger, under the circumstances it will be difficult for me to give birth to the superior half-Caucasian child of which the Reverend refers to as the church and government’s ideal.”
“Aye, Phemie, and we won’t be ‘avin’ no Protestant babies, neither,” said Susie Kelly. “Of that ya can be damn shoore. Right, Meggie?”
 
Phemie was correct in saying that the savages are a democratic people, and using her example I have begun to make tiny inroads in liberating myself from the drudgery of women’s chores. It seems useful if one displays some other talent, even if it is only perceived as such by the savages. Like those scamps, the Kelly girls, who are largely excused from manual labor for no better reason than that they are twins! In this same way the savages are fascinated with my notebook and may even be ascribing some supernatural quality to my writing in it—which may yet prove useful to me. Yet I will not be a shirker, for it would be unfair to the others and to my fellow tentmates if I did not do my fair share.
I have this also to say on behalf of the savages: they are a tremendously tolerant people, and though some of our ways and customs appear to amuse them to no end, they have yet to be condemnatory or censorious. Thus far they seem to be merely curious, but always respectful. The children are particularly fascinated with our presence and stop whatever they are doing to stare at us when we pass with round disbelieving eyes as if we are enormously odd creatures to them—and, indeed, I suppose we are! Sometimes they come forward shyly and touch our dresses, only to run away giggling. Often they follow us about at a slight distance, like a pack of hungry dogs. I brought with me a little hard candy from the supply store at Fort Laramie and often I carry a few pieces in my pockets to give to the children. They are precious little things, brown and full of healthful vigor. They seem for their age more mature, healthier, and better behaved than Caucasian children of comparable years. They are too shy to speak to us, and take my offerings of candy with great solemnity and then run off again posthaste chattering like magpies. I feel that the children may prove to be our bridge to the savage way of life and theirs to ours, for all children are good, are they not? All children are children finally—it hardly matters to which race or culture they belong—they belong first to the race and culture of children. I so look forward to learning this difficult language that I may speak to these tiny savage elves. How I love the sight of them! What joy, mixed with sorrow, they bring to my heart when I watch them playing their games about the camp. For I cannot help but think of my own dear babies … How I long to hold them in my arms … and how I find myself beginning to look forward to bearing one of these little heathens myself!
Speaking of children, I have tried as well as I can to keep watch over little Sara. A most extraordinary thing has occurred. We have heard the child speak, just a few words, and not in English, but in the Indian tongue—it is either that or pure gibberish, for neither Martha nor I was able to make any sense of it. Her young fiancé, Yellow Wolf, seems to understand her perfectly, and so I can only assume that he is teaching her his language—though I still cannot make her to utter one single word of ours. Isn’t it strange? And wonderful … Perhaps romance is blooming here among the savages after all.
For her part Martha seems to be having some problems adjusting to the savage life and inevitably her own high expectations of romance with her fierce, unkempt warrior Mr. Tangle Hair, have been somewhat disappointed. “He seems to be a kind fellow, May,” she said to me while we were digging roots with the other women yesterday morning. “But I do so wish he would groom himself.” Then she paused in her work. “Something I’ve been wondering—after our marriage am I to be known as Mrs. Tangle Hair? Because you do know what the savages call me now, don’t you? Reverend Hare has just translated it for me. They call me Falls Down Woman. It is because I’m so clumsy.”
The savages do seem to seize upon some obvious physical characteristics in their choice of names, and, in fact, poor Martha is a bit clumsy—constantly stumbling and falling.
“It’s only because you insist on wearing your high buttonshoes with the tall heels, Martha,” I said. “These were fine on the boardwalks of Chicago but are entirely inappropriate for walking on the uneven ground of Nature. And they are certainly not intended for laboring in the root fields. Why just look at them!”
“I know, of course you’re right, May,” Martha said, “I’ve practically ruined them … but … but” and I could tell the poor thing was about to break down … “they remind me of home.” And then she began to weep, terrible shuddering sobs. “I’m sorry, May,” she blubbered, “I’m just tired … I’m homesick. I don’t wish to be known as Falls Down Woman, or as Mrs. Tangle Hair. I want to go home.”
“Well, dear,” I said, trying to console her, “that you can’t do right now. But you could teach your future husband to comb his hair. And if you’re unhappy with your own new Indian name, we’ll just see that it’s changed.”
“And how shall we do that?” asked Martha, wiping her nose with a handkerchief, her sobs subsiding.
“It seems to me that the Indians are forever changing names on the least whim or fancy,” I said. “Perhaps if you perform some deed or other, or adopt some new habit, or even simply don some article of clothing—wear one of your scarves over your head, for instance. Then, no doubt they will begin to call you Woman who Wears Scarf on Head—”
“Why on earth would I wish to be named that?” Martha asked, rather petulantly. I’m afraid that the general strangeness and the homesickness we are all feeling, coupled with the exhaustion of our labors and the frequently sleepless nights, have caused all of our moods to be a bit erratic.
“I only use that as an example, Martha,” I said. “Tell me, what would you like to be called?”
“Something more romantic—your name, for instance, Swallow—Mesoke—it’s quite lovely in either language. Or the one they call Woman Who Moves Against the Wind. How much more charming that is than Falls Down Woman.”
“Well then, we must think of a name that pleases you and that somehow suits you … God this is filthy work, is it not?” I said, pausing, and throwing down the crude little spadelike implement that the savages fashion out of wood and stone for this chore. “It’s ruining my fingernails—look how cracked and dirt-encrusted they are. Had I known we were to be doing work as fieldhands I’d have brought with me a proper pair of gloves and a spade. Soon they’ll be calling me Needs Manicure Woman.”
“But who gives out these names?” asked Martha, unamused by my attempt at humor—and to my way of thinking somewhat preoccupied with the matter. “How is it that they come into general usage?”
“As I make it out, they just occur,” I answered, “for the most banal reasons. Someone sees you stumble and fall down, for instance, in the high-buttoned shoes that you insist on wearing, and the next time your name comes up in general conversation, they say, ‘Oh, you know the one I mean—the woman who falls down.’”
“Why can’t they simply call me by my Christian name—Martha?”
“In case you haven’t noticed, my friend,” I said, “we are not presently among Christians. Now, let’s put our heads together and think of a suitable name for you, and then we shall launch a campaign to bring it into general usage.”
“But we are unable even to speak the language,” Martha said. “It’s hopeless.” And I feared that she was going to start crying again.
“No matter,” I said. “We’re learning the sign language, and we can always enlist the assistance of Reverend Hare—assuming, that is, that we can get his enormous Episcopalian backside off the buffalo robes. In any case, as I have said, these names seem to come about more as a result of actions or physical characteristics.”
We considered the matter for a while as we continued to dig the damnable roots. Finally I had an idea. “How would you feel about the name: Woman Who Leaps Fire? Personally, I find it rather enigmatic … romantic.”
Martha brightened perceptibly. “Why yes! I like that very much. Leaps Fire Woman! And I think I know what you are going to suggest.”
“Exactly,” I said. “From now on, every time you come to one of the fires smoldering outside the lodges, or for that matter, inside Mr. Tangle Hair’s own lodge, simply leap over it. You are bound to earn the new name. What else could be construed from such an action?”
Ah, but here is the unfortunate result of our seemingly well-laid plan; Martha is not athletically inclined, a fact which I should have considered. The first fire she came to after she left me, she attempted to leap in the witness of a number of the savages, but, partly because she was still wearing those damnable high shoes of hers, she stumbled and fell directly into the fire pit and was no sooner covered head to toe in black oily soot. The Indians do have an uncanny knack for choosing names and this morning, according to the Reverend, poor Martha is referred to by two names: Falls Down in Fire Woman, and, the even less attractive Ash Faced Woman. I’m afraid that she will never live this down … how lucky for me that I made my impulsive dive into the beaver pond …
 
My dearest sister Hortense,
It occurs to me that I have not written to you for an entire month—certainly the strangest month of my life! How much there is to tell you. But first how is dear Walter? And the children? Father and Mother? Do send news, won’t you … ah, if only you could … if only I could have news of my babies …
Of course mail delivery is somewhat spotty out here on the frontier, but you might try addressing your correspondence to: Madame Little Wolf, Queen of the Savages, or, less formally, to Swallow, in care of the Cheyenne Nation, Somewhere in the middle of Nowhere, Nebraska Territory, USA … yes that should find me posthaste … Hah! … if only …
Truth be told, I have no idea where we are. Another world certainly … Sometimes I try to imagine all of you back in Chicago comfortably ensconced in the bosom of civilization, sitting in Mother’s drawing room at teatime, for instance … I must concentrate so hard to conjure the image, truly my imagination fails me, just as you cannot possibly imagine the life I am leading … not in your wildest dreams, my sister … not even in your wildest nightmares can you possibly envisage this Indian village, these people, this landscape.
Let me describe to you a bit of the daily routine of camp life among the savages. The three Mrs. Little Wolves, yes, there are three of us—the old one, the young one, and, most recently the Caucasian one, though as yet we are only betrothed (the Chief is, it occurs to me, what my Harry would have undoubtedly called “one lucky redskin”)—all inhabit the same tipi, a lodge it is grandiloquently called in the periodicals but it is certainly not to be mistaken for Father’s hunting lodge on the lake—it is actually nothing more than a large round tent, possibly fifteen feet in diameter—you’ve undoubtedly seen artists’ renderings of these primitive habitations—made from buffalo hides and painted with crude aboriginal designs. The floor is earth, there is a fire ring in the center, and our “beds” if such they may be called, are animal skins spread atop tree boughs and leaves, each with a wooden-framed backrest for reclining in a sitting position if one wishes … somewhat like a divan. Well, I must admit, finally, that this arrangement is not entirely without its comforts once one grows accustomed to life without furniture and to sleeping on the ground.
There are, I may have neglected to mention not only we three women, and the Chief himself, but a young girl, named Pretty Walker, presumably the Chief’s daughter by his first marriage, a young boy who looks after the horses and who I take to be an orphan, and an old crone, who looks exactly like the witch of childhood nightmares, with a large hooked nose and who serves the function of tent organizer and enforcer; she stands guard immediately inside and to the left of the entranceway to the tent, and brandishes a large wooden club at the slightest infraction of a multitude of complicated tipi “rules and regulations” with which I am still not completely familiar.
And finally, completing our big happy family is an infant child, the progeny of the second wife, Feather on Head. The child is so perfectly quiet that I actually lived in the lodge for several days before I was aware of his existence. Indian babies do not cry as do our own; it is quite extraordinary, they are rather like deer fawns, not uttering a sound to give them away. Too, I think his mother may, out of some sort of protective maternal instinct, have intentionally kept the child hidden from me for the first few days of my residency … oh, Hortense, when I discovered the baby, or I should say, when Feather on Head finally revealed him to me, how my heart ached, a bittersweet ache of joy at the sight of this tiny infant, and of longing for my own two dears … how clearly he brought them back, their pinched smiling faces … will I ever see them again?
The child took to me immediately; as you know I have always had an affinity for babies—hah! yes I know, both with bearing them and with caring for them … He smiled up at me, truly a little cherub, brown as a chestnut, his eyes as bright as copper pennies, and when Feather on Head witnessed her son’s and my obvious mutual affection she became instantly warm toward me. She softened and smiled shyly and we have since become quite friendly, my first friend so far among the Cheyennes! Although perforce our ability to communicate is yet limited by the language barrier. Feather on Head is helping me greatly with my sign language, and although I am trying to make some sense of the Cheyenne tongue itself, I think that I shall never be able to speak it. It is a language that often appears to be without vowels—a language of the crudest sounds rather than words—hisses, grunts, and ululations—strange noises that seem to issue from some older and more primitive earth than the one you and I inhabit. Or I should say than you inhabit …
I have recently discovered that a few of the savages do possess an extremely limited command of the English language and even more of them appear to be decently proficient in a kind of bastardized French—which they first learned some years ago from the old-time French fur trappers and traders, and which has been passed down as a kind of patois, barely comprehensible to us but certainly more so than their native tongue. How I wish you could hear their accents, dear sister! The first time this abomination assaulted my ears I didn’t even recognize it as the French language —but at least it sounded vaguely familiar. Fortunately, there is one French girl among us, a very pretty dark-haired girl named Marie Blanche de Bretonne, who was touring America with her parents when they were tragically killed by thieves in our fair city of Chicago. Truly, no one is safe any longer in this world. While still in shock and mourning, the poor girl, alone in a strange city, stranded thousands of miles from home, signed up for this program. Like many of our little group, I’m afraid that she is having second thoughts about the matter … In any case it was through Marie Blanche that we first discovered the Cheyennes’ ability to speak French, if indeed we may call it that. Why, Hortense, truly it would be enough to make our childhood tutor, Madame Bouvier, turn over in her grave. You remember what a stickler she was for pronunciation? how she would rap our knuckles with her pointer when we got it wrong, and say “Zat eees eencarrect, mademoiselle” … But I digress, n’est-ce pas? I must stop recalling the past, which comes back to me so vividly when I write to you, as if this new life is but a dream and you, still living in the real world, are trying to pull me back … too late, alas, too late … would that it could be so …
As you might imagine it is hardly an enviable position to find oneself in the home (the word “home” I’m afraid does not properly conjure our bizarre living arrangements) of another woman—in this case, two women—as the soon-to-be third bride of their husband. The older wife, Quiet One, has been far less accepting of me than young Feather on Head. Some nights I lie awake on my bed (such as it is) in mortal fear that she will cut my throat with a knife if I dare to fall asleep …
The situation is awkward to say the least. Indeed the word “awkward” hardly describes it. Yes, well we are people from such different … backgrounds … God, I sound just like Mother when she would lecture us all those years ago about playing with the servant children … I begin to understand that this experience requires a new vocabulary altogether—trying to explain it to you would be like trying to describe the world of Shakespeare to the savages … the words don’t exist, language fails … John Bourke was right …
Yes, well let me try again. We live in a tent—why mince words, a tent made of animal hides—three wives, a girl, an old crone, an infant child, a young orphan boy, who seems to have been adopted by the Chief’s family and who cares for the Chief’s considerable string of horses and sometimes helps the women with the chores, and this man Little Wolf, who is a great Chief of his people.
It is quite a spacious tent, as tents go, I’ll say that for it. I have my own charming little corner space … if it is possible to have corners in a round tent … where I sleep upon a bed of pine boughs, animal hides, and trade blankets. The odors in our “home” are quite indescribable—a word that I find myself using often in my attempts at rendering these little scenes on paper. There are the odors of human bodies, of the earth beneath us, of the animal skins used as bedding, of the smoke from the fire … Added to these, if the wives have been cooking (which they seem perpetually in the process of doing, for the savages do not seem to observe the custom of breakfast, dinner, and supper at regular hours as we do, but rather eat whenever they are hungry so that there must always be food available) there is generally also an odor inside the tent of food being prepared. Sometimes the cooking scents are actually appetizing, at other times the stench rising from the pot is so perfectly revolting that I can hardly bear it, I feel that I shall be sick and must stumble outside and gasp fresh air and I know that I shall go hungry that day. As you know, Hortense, I have always been interested in the culinary arts as a recreational pastime, but I have not yet offered my services in the “kitchen” such as it is (another excellent example of the inadequacies of language) nor indeed have I been asked to help with meal preparation. However, if I am to live here among these people I fully intend to take a turn at the stove … the fire … Perhaps I will make my tentmates a lovely little French dish, say a delightful Coq au Vin … Harry’s favorite repast … though, of course, the first question that presents itself is where might I obtain a decent bottle of French burgundy wine? Or for that matter, any bottle of wine … Hah! … But now I allow myself to drift off again into thoughts of that old life, which can only make this new one so much more precarious and difficult, and … insupportable.
Now then, dearest sister, on the brighter side. It has finally been determined that we are to be wed with the others in a group ceremony tomorrow evening. Reverend Hare, an enormous Episcopalian missionary who has accompanied us into the wilderness, will be performing the Christian services. Would that you were here to act as my bridesmaid! Ah, how I love to imagine the family all gathered together … staying in our … guest tent! Father thin-lipped and appalled, Mother alternately weeping and swooning in abject horror of the heathens. Why, we’d be administering smelling salts to her every quarter hour! God, what fun it would be! I, who have always had such a talent for shocking the family, have this time truly outdone myself, wouldn’t you agree?
As I understand it this mass wedding is an unprecedented event and one that does not fit neatly into any of the established ceremonies of the Cheyennes. For the savages, the giving of horses, a feast, and a dance are all that is required to seal the marriage union, it being a simple agreement between the two parties—much as Harry and I took up our life together. Being neither of a particularly religious bent myself, nor, as you know, much interested in the institution of marriage, I find this arrangement to be quite adequate.
However, the addition of Christian nuptials into the upcoming ceremony has got things all complicated both among our women and among the Indians. The savages are unable to reach consensus on even the smallest matters without hours of incredibly laborious deliberation. Now after much “powwowing” and smoking of pipes with Reverend Hare (in this one regard it strikes me that men of all races are similar), the parties seem finally to have come to terms.
In this same way, the savages are absolute sticklers for protocol—some of their customs so peculiar as to simply defy description. Hardly a day goes by that I don’t violate some bizarre cultural tabu or other. For instance, it appears that when seated in the lodge the well-brought-up Indian maiden is expected to sit with her feet pointing to the right—except in the case of one particular band to which some of our women have gone and which is encamped slightly separated from the main camp and in which the women are noted for sitting with their feet pointing to the left. Yes, well, I have absolutely no idea how or why these preposterous customs became established in the first place, but the savages take them with the utmost seriousness. My Captain Bourke says that these are due to their innately superstitious nature. On my very first day here, I immediately cast my feet in the wrong direction and there suddenly issued from the women in our tent all manner of disapproving clucking and general distress. The old crone went so far as to wave her stick at me, jabbering like a mad hen. Of course I pay no attention to the position of my feet and shall continue to sit in the lodge with them pointing in whatever direction I damn well choose—regardless of the deep anxiety this appears to cause my tentmates. So you see, Hortense, just as in my “old” life, I am already a fly in the ointment of savage society, already rocking the conventional boat, already considered to be something of a scandal … which has always seemed to be my mission in whatever culture I live, does it not?
Ah, but here was a lovely surprise: My fellow wives have sewn for me the most beautiful wedding gown upon which I have ever gazed. It is made of antelope hide—the softest skin imaginable—sewn with sinew thread and intricately embroidered with beads and porcupine quills, and dyed with the essence of roots in exquisite colors and designs. I was completely flabbergasted—and very much touched—when they presented it to me, for it must clearly represent hundreds of hours of the most intensive labor imaginable and would seem to indicate that they have accepted me into their family—and in very gracious fashion, indeed. It is, I understand, common practice for the bride’s family to make for her an elaborate wedding dress, but as we are all without our families here, other women of the tribe have taken it upon themselves to dress us properly for the occasion. In fact, all of our other women have also been presented with wedding dresses—in most cases made for them by the sisters and mothers of their intended. I may surely be prejudiced in the matter, but of those dresses I’ve seen so far, mine is by far the most beautiful, certainly the most elaborately decorated. Perhaps because I am to marry the great Chief, special attention was taken in its creation … Even the sullen and unfriendly Quiet One participated in the making of this gown—which is not to suggest that she is warming in any way to my presence.
As you might well imagine, I and most of the other ladies have balked at giving up our own clothing in favor of the savage attire. The clothes and meager personal possessions which we have brought with us into this wilderness represent our last connection to the civilized world, so we are naturally reluctant to part with them—for fear that once we don savage garb, we become perforce savages—not just the brides of savages, but savages ourselves. This is, you understand, an important distinction … Some in our group are so intent on keeping up their attire and toilet, no matter how inappropriate these may be, that they can sometimes be seen promenading through the camp—little gaggles of our ladies strolling and chatting and twirling their parasols as if on a garden tour, trying desperately to appear oblivious to our present circumstances. I think that they are quite mad—indeed, some of them really are mad—but while I personally have decided to give up such attempts to forge civilization out of wilderness, I must admit that I have not quite yet resigned myself to dressing exclusively in animal skins.
Fortunately, the Cheyennes are traders, as well as hunters, and some of their attire is not so terribly different from our own. They have available, for instance, cloth and blankets and buttons, and other articles from our world. Indeed, some of the men dress quite ludicrously in bits and pieces of white man’s clothing, wearing altered U.S. Army uniforms, and hats—all misshapen and with the tops cut out and eagle feathers protruding from them. This gives the Indians who affect this attire the appearance of children playing dress up; they look more like carnival clowns than soldiers—their outfits bizarre hybrids of the two cultures …
I’m pleased to report that my own intended dresses very modestly in traditional Indian garb. The only white man article which he affects is a large silver peace medal around his neck, a gift from President Grant himself.
But I seem to be rambling again … where was I? Ah, yes, with the exception of Miss White and some of her more strident followers we are to be married in traditional Cheyenne wedding gowns. We are to be dressed prior to the feast by our Cheyenne “mothers” and “sisters,” literally stripped of our civilized clothing and dressed as savages—this is difficult to describe to you Hortense and, I’m certain even more difficult for you to understand, but the prospect is somehow both … terrifying and exhilarating.
Without intending to keep you in undue suspense, I shall continue this correspondence after I am officially a bride … right now there is much to do.
 
Good God, Hortense, so much to tell you, I am only now, two days later awakening from the experience … I am still not myself, fear that I shall never again be the same. I have been drugged, my senses assaulted, my very being stripped to its primitive core … its savage heart … where to begin … ?
The music … still beats in my mind, throbs through my body … dancers whirling in the firelight … coyotes on the hilltops and ridges, taking up the song beneath the moon …
 
Forgive me, dear sister, but I fell back into a deep slumber after my last incoherent ramblings … I must have slept the full day and night round and I woke feeling better, stronger, a child grows inside of me … is it possible? Or have I only dreamed this, too …
Yes, the scene of our wedding night is even more vividly etched now in my mind … let me describe it to you:
The moon was full in the sky; it rose early before the sun had set and did not set again until after the sun rose; the moon spent the entire night crossing the sky, illuminating the dancers in an unearthly glow, casting their shadows across the plains as if the earth itself danced … all who danced lit by moonlight.
We spent nearly the full day of the wedding in our lodges being dressed by the women, ornaments and totems hung from our clothing and from our hair, our faces painted with bizarre designs so that we would hardly recognize one another later under the pure white moon … perhaps this was just as well, perhaps our painted faces were meant as disguises, allowing each of us, savage and civilized alike, to act out these pagan rites in anonymity. It is true that several days later—or so I feel it to be for I have lost all track of time—we “civilized” women are hardly able to look one another in the eye for the madness that overcame us.
The men had recently returned from a successful buffalo hunt—stupidly, it had never occurred to me that the Cheyennes had been waiting for that good fortune to befall them before scheduling the wedding feast, because of course, without the bounty of the hunt, it would be a poor feast, indeed. Clearly, I have as much to learn about the ways of subsistence living as they do about those of civilization.
As it was, individual feasts were held in virtually every lodge in the camp, a kind of large, communal, movable feast. There was a vast amount of food, much of it surprisingly palatable. The first wife, Quiet One, is renowned in the camp for her talents as a cook and outdid herself on this occasion. She roasted the tender ribs and liver of the buffalo over coals, and boiled the tongue, and from another pot served a stew of meat and the wild turnips referred to by their French name, pommes blanches. There were other roots and various spring greens with which I am not familiar by name, but all quite interesting to the taste. We “brides” were not allowed to lift a finger—to the point that even our food was cut up for us in small morsels and hand-fed to us by our Indian attendants, as if they were trying to conserve our strength … now I understand why.
There was one particular dish that I must tell you about, a dish that most of our women, myself included, were unable to tolerate. Too horrible! Too despicable! Boiled dog! Yes, yes, choked pup! It is considered a great delicacy, saved for just such a special occasion as our wedding. My friend Feather on Head who served the older one as a kind of sous chef, performed the gruesome task of wringing the little puppy’s neck just prior to cooking —which she did with her bare hands as casually as if she was wringing out a dishcloth. My God! When I tried to intervene, to rescue the poor little thing from her death grip, she merely laughed and pulled away and continued her stranglehold until the flailing puppy was limp and lifeless. It was then scalded in boiling water, scraped of hair, gutted, and roasted over the fire, and all present made such a fuss about its culinary qualities with much satisfied oohing and ahhing and general lip-smacking. I could not bring myself to taste the dog meat—even its odor while cooking sickened me.
Our tipi was crowded with twelve people exactly, the majority of them clearly chosen because they were poor. You would know little about this, Hortense, because you have led such a sheltered and privileged life, but there is a universality to poverty that transcends culture; just as in our own society, there are among the savages both rich and poor—those who are successful hunters and providers who live in well-appointed lodges with many hides and robes and have a good string of horses, and those who have little and depend on the largesse of their neighbors. And never have I seen a more generous, selfless people than these. I believe that those unfortunates who came to our lodge that night—there, you see, already I begin to take a proprietary interest in my living quarters!—were the families of men who had been killed in battle, or possibly the families of some of those poor wretches whom we had encountered at the forts—the drunks and beggars who had deserted their wives and children … one can’t help but wonder what we are doing to these people that their lives and livelihoods unravel so with our presence—“spoiled” by contact with us, as the Captain put it …
It seems to be a primary duty of my husband … how strange to say … my husband Little Wolf … as head Chief to look after the poor of his people. Several women brought children of various ages with them to the feast; they sat quietly in the back of the lodge, silently accepting the food their mothers passed them.
After all had eaten, the younger children, sated, fell asleep on the robes, the men passed a pipe and told stories, which of course, I could not understand, but to which the older children listened raptly. Possibly it was the effect of the food, or the warmth inside the lodge, or simply the soft murmuring of the men’s voices—I confess that I am beginning to find the language less objectionable; it possesses a certain rhythm and cadence that though primitive is no longer so displeasing to the ear—I began to fall into a kind of trance, a state that was like sleep, but I was not asleep, just floating as if in a dream, as if drugged.
Then by some unspoken signal, everyone began to leave the lodges to assemble in the communal circle around which the tents are strategically placed … this is, I suppose something like our own town square, but of course round rather than square. All is round in this strange new world … The musicians (yes, well, again I must use the term loosely for they would hardly be confused for the Chicago Philharmonic Orchestra!), and the singers and dancers also began to assemble. Our own women gathered in small clusters to inspect each other’s “wedding gowns,” to marvel at each other’s painted faces and outlandish costumes. My friend Martha was made up to look like a badger—an uncanny resemblance—with a black mask and white stripe down her forehead and nose. I have no idea for what purpose, but the savages have some meaning for everything. For my part half my face was painted black with white stars forming constellations on my cheeks and the full moon on my forehead, the other side of my face was painted all white with a blue river meandering its length. “You are the day and night,” Martha said strangely, marveling, she too appearing to be in some kind of narcotic stupor. “You are the heavens and the earth!”
“Aye, and we’re a pair of foxes we are, Meggie!” said the Kelly sister Susan appreciatively. Surely the red-haired Irish twins were no less identical got up with real fox heads attached to their hair and fox tails pinned to their rears. An uncanny likeness, and knowing something of the girls’ wily natures, a stroke of pure genius on the part of the heathens.
But perhaps most striking of our group was the Negro Phemie, her entire face and body painted white with brilliant red stripes running up her arms, around her neck and eyes, her full Negro lips painted crimson, even her hair painted blood red—my God, she was magnificent to behold … a savage dream goddess.
Now appeared the holy man they call Dog Woman and his apprentice, named Bridge Girl—also a he’emnane’e, as these half-men/half-women are called. Two stranger creatures I have never before laid eyes upon! The young apprentice, Bridge Girl, speaks in the soft, high voice of a female, but is clearly a young boy. The older man, too, is effeminate in both voice and gesture. Yes, well we’ve seen similar people on the streets of Chicago—Nancy Boys, Father refers to them.
Now these two set about organizing the dancers, which they did with great solemnity and skill. The men/women are said to possess special abilities at matchmaking and are very popular with the young people, their advice in matters of the heart much sought after. For they know everything of both sexes.
Now at last the music began—an entire savage orchestra! Flute players, drum beaters, gourd shakers … a primitive symphony, to be sure, that makes for a crude harmony … but one with an undeniably rhythmic power. Then the singers took up the song, the eeriest song I’ve ever heard, the higher notes of the women floating lightly over the deeper tones of the men, a throbbing steady repetitive beat like a riffle running into a pool … it sent chills up my spine and in concert with the otherworldly music actually caused a number of our women to swoon dead away, they had to be revived by the fire—a huge bonfire that had been built in the center of the circle, flames and sparks leaping into the night sky, licking the heavens … I assure you, dear sister, not even the lunatic asylum in full riot could prepare one for this bizarre spectacle …
Dog Woman announced the different dances, sometimes gently scolding the young people if they did not perform the steps exactly right. Truly, she reminded me of old Miss Williams at our dancing school in Chicago—you remember her don’t you, Hortense? … you see, still I clutch these memories to draw me back, to keep me from going completely mad in the face of this assault on our sensibilities …
The children sat in the back behind the adults on the outside of the circle, watching raptly, beating time with their hands and feet, their faces shining in the moonlight, the flames from the fire sparking in their slate-colored eyes, flickering golden in their oiled black hair.
Now the huge Reverend Hare resplendent in his white clerical gown made his grand entrance. He held his Bible aloft for all to see. Although the savages cannot read, they know it to be a sacred text—being a people to whom totemic objects are of utmost importance—and many crowded around him trying to touch it. The Reverend called out and the grooms began to appear out of the shadows of the fire, seemed to issue from the flames themselves like phantoms. I am to this day not absolutely certain that we had not been unwittingly drugged during the feast, for we all remarked later on the dreamlike state we felt.
If we brides considered ourselves to be elaborately made up for the occasion, the grooms were even more fantastically painted and adorned. It was difficult even to identify some of them and many of our women had simply to take as an article of faith the fact that the man standing beside them was really their intended. I did recognize my Chief Little Wolf, who wore a headdress with buffalo horns on either side, black raven feathers surrounding his head, ringed by eagle feathers, spilling like a tail down his back. He wore spotless new beaded moccasins, a fine deerskin shirt artfully trimmed with what, I now realize, can only have been human hair. Over his shoulders he wore a buffalo robe that had been painted red and was adorned with all manner of intricate designs. In one hand he carried a red rattle, which he shook softly in time to the music, and in the other a lance trimmed with soft fur. He was a picture of savage splendor, and in my altered state of mind, I felt oddly proud to be standing beside him. Well, after all, isn’t this how a girl is supposed to feel on her wedding day?
Over the sound of the music and with the dancers still performing in the background, Reverend Hare began reciting the Christian wedding vows. Whatever else may be said of the man he has a commanding and sonorous speaking voice, which managed to rise above the music:

“Dearly beloved we are gathered together here in the sight of God, and in the face of this company to join together these men and these women in holy matrimony …”
 

And each verse, the Reverend repeated in Cheyenne.

“Into this holy estate these couples present come now to be joined. If any man can show just cause why they may not lawfully be joined together, let him now speak, or else hereafter forever hold his peace …”
 

Did Captain John G. Bourke swoop into the camp at this moment atop his big white horse and snatch me away from these proceedings, carry me off to live in a little house set in a grove of cottonwoods on the edge of a meadow, by the banks of a creek, at which safe harbor I would be reunited with my own sweet babies and bear others by my dashing Captain and there live out my life as a good Christian wife and devoted mother? No, alas, he did not … Did I pray fervently that at this very moment in the ceremony of matrimony, my Captain would rescue me thusly? … Yes … I did, I confess that I did … God help me.

“Wilt thou have this Woman to thy wedded wife, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of Matrimony? Wilt thou love her, comfort her, honor, and keep her, in sickness and in health; and forsaking all others, keep thee only unto her, so long as you both shall live?”
 

When the Reverend uttered his translation of this last verse, a collective “houing” arose from the grooms, a strange noise like an unearthly wind blowing through the assemblage.

“Wilt thou have this Man to thy wedded Husband, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of Matrimony? Wilt thou obey him, and serve him, love, honor, and keep him, in sickness and in health; and forsaking all others, keep thee only unto him, no long as ye both shall live?”
 

There was a long pause here before there came from among us a scattering of “I will’s,” some of them barely more than murmurs, remarkable for their general lack of conviction. I know, too, that a number of our women did not answer the question at all, but left it hanging there in limbo as their final escape …

“And to those whom God hath joined together, let no man put asunder. Foreasmuch as these men and women have consented together in holy wedlock, and have witnessed the same before God and this company, and thereto have given and pledged their troth, each to the other, and have declared the same by joining hands; I pronounce, that they are Husband and Wife; in the name of the Father, and of the Son; and of the Holy Ghost … Amen.”
 

And then it was done … A stunned silence fell over our company of women as the full import of this momentous occasion made itself felt. The grooms, seemingly less impressed by their new matrimonial state, faded back into the shadows from whence they came, to rejoin the dancers. Meanwhile we brides came together in small coveys and in some mental disorder, to congratulate one another, or commiserate, whichever the case might be, over our newly wedded state. Some wept, but I do not believe that these were tears of joy. All wondered what was to come now …
“Are we truly married, Father, in the eyes of God?” asked the strange woman, “Black Ada” Ware, of the Reverend. She was dressed still in mourning for her wedding, her black veil in place. “Is it so?”
All gathered about, I think hoping that the large Reverend might relieve our minds by telling us that, no, it had been nothing more than a sham ceremony, we were not truly married to these foreign creatures …
“Have I married a damn niggah?” asked Daisy Lovelace who had also declined to be attired by our hosts and who wore, by contrast, a stunning white lace wedding gown which she had brought with her especially for the occasion. Now the woman pulled her silver flask from under her dress and took a long swallow.
“That’s certainly a lovely wedding gown, Miss Lovelace,” said Martha, who seemed still to be in a sort of trance.
“It belonged to my dear departed Motha,” said the woman. “Ah was to wear this gown, myself, when Ah married Mr. Wesley Chestnut of Albany, Georgia. But after Daddy lost everything in the wah, Mr. Chestnut had a sudden change a heart, if you know what Ah mean.
“If Motha and Daddy could only see their little baby girl now,” she said, “havin’ entered into holy matrimony with a gentleman with the deeply unfortunate name of Müstah Bluuddy Fuuuut” (her husband’s descriptive name, in fact, was gained by the actions of her brave little dog, Fern Louise). “My Gawd!” And then the woman began to laugh, and suddenly I felt a new sympathy toward her, I understood fully and for the first time why she had signed up for this program; she had lost her fortune, had been left standing at the altar by a cad, and was quite possibly no longer as young as she claimed. For all her ugly bigotry, I began to like Miss Lovelace infinitely better for the touching fact that she had brought her mother’s wedding gown along with her on this adventure. It proved that for all her apparent cynicism she still held on to hopes, dreams. And I began to laugh with her at the sheer absurdity of our situation, and soon all of us were laughing, looking at each other, some of us made up like demons from hell, married now to barbarians, we laughed until tears ran down our grotesquely painted faces. Yes, surely we had been drugged …
After we had spent ourselves laughing and the strange reality of our situation had once again insinuated itself into our befuddled consciousnesses, we wiped our tears and gathered in little coveys, clustered together for protection like confused chickens—indeed, that’s what we most resembled, with our painted faces and our colorfully ornamented dresses.
We were naturally shy to take up the dance, but true to her nature, our brave good Phemie was the first to join in. “I must show them how an Ashanti dances,” she said to us in her sonorous voice. “The way my mother taught me.” For a moment all the Cheyenne dancers paused to watch our bold and unashamed Negress, as she took her place in the dance line. We were very proud of her. She did not dance in the same style as the Indians … in fact she was a superior dancer, her step sinuous and graceful, her long legs flashing beneath her dress, she pranced and whirled to the pulsing beat—but careful to follow the steps to the dance, as specified by a stern Dog Woman—who tolerated no unauthorized variations. A general murmuring of approval ran among the Indians who spectated, and then I believe that the dancing became even freer and more frenzied.
“My, that big niggah girl can surely dance,” said Daisy Lovelace. “Daddy, God rest his soul, always did say they had special rhythm. Enabuddy care for a little sip a medicine,” she asked, holding out her flask.
“Aye, I’ll have a wee nip of it, shoore, said Meggie Kelly. “Loosens my dancin’ feet, it does.” And she took the flask from Daisy and took a quick pull, making a small grimace and passing it to her sister. “T’isn’t Irish whiskey, that’s sartain, Susie, but under the circumstances, it’ll’ave to do.”
And then the Kelly sisters themselves melted into the dance—a more fearless pair of twins you could not hope to find; they hiked their skirts up and performed a kind of lively Irish jig to the music. Which made old Dog Woman crazy with anxiety at the impropriety of their steps!
“Oh vat de hell, I tink I may as vell join een, too!” announced dear homely Gretchen, encouraged by the twins’ boldness. “I ben watching, I tink I learn de steps now.” Gretchen was herself painted up in dark earth tones and wrapped in a rare blond buffalo robe adorned with primitive designs. Indeed, she resembled nothing so much as an enormous buffalo cow. Now she entered the dance line herself, God bless her. “Yah!” she called out with her typical gusto, “Yah!” and she took up the step with a heavy Slavic polkalike gait, a bovine gracelessness that provided additional humor to the moment. Several of us began to giggle watching her, covering our mouths with our hands, and even some of the native dancers and spectators laughed good-naturedly at her efforts. The savages are not without a sense of humor, and nothing amuses them so much as the sight of someone making a spectacle of herself.
“Lovely! Spiffing good dance!” said Helen Flight, eyebrows raised in perpetual delight. Helen, who has been given the Indian name, Woman Who Paints Birds, or just Bird Woman, was got up very stylishly to look like a prairie chicken hen with artfully placed feathers about her narrow hips and rump. “Unfortunately I’ve never had the talent, myself,” she said. “That is to say, my dearest companion, Mrs. Ann Hall, would never permit me to dance at balls; she felt that I was always trying to lead the men and that I was ‘conspicuously heavy of foot’—her words exactly, I’m afraid.”
Miss Flight has already proven to be somewhat scandalous to the natives for her habit of smoking a pipe which, like the morning swim, is a savage activity very much reserved for men—and, at that, is one undertaken with much ritual and ceremony. Whereas Helen is liable to fire up her pipe at any time and in any situation—causing the savages even more consternation than when I sit in the tipi with my feet pointing the wrong way! However, because of her considerable artistic skills, which the heathens hold in the very highest esteem, they have chosen to more or less tolerate Helen’s smoking. (A primer on savage etiquette would be most useful to us all.)
Narcissa White came now among us, nearly beside herself with Christian righteousness. Evidently her religious beliefs do not permit dancing. “The recreation of the Devil,” she objected. “His evil trick to inflame the passions and overcome the intellect.”
“Thank Gawd for it,” said Daisy Lovelace. “What would we do here with intellect, Nahcissa?”
Nor had Miss White allowed herself to be dressed in native attire; she still wore her high-buttoned shoes and high-collared missionary dress. “How can we possibly hope to Christianize these poor creatures,” she asked, “if we allow ourselves to sink to their level of degeneracy?”
“Narcissa,” I said, gently, “for once why don’t you stop sermonizing and try to enjoy our wedding reception. Look, even the Reverend is participating in the festivities.” It was true that the Reverend had comfortably ensconced himself fireside on a mound of buffalo robes, surrounded by several of the Cheyenne holy men; he was eating as usual, and chatting animatedly with his savage counterparts.
“Quite, May!” said Helen Flight. “We shall have more than sufficient opportunity to instruct the savages in the ways of civilization. At the present time, I say, ‘When in Rome …’ Indeed my conspicuous heaviness of foot, notwithstanding, if you don’t mind very much, ladies, I believe I’ll give it a try. I have studied the grouse on the lek and this is one step I know.” With which Helen, too, entered the dance line. “Oh, dear!” I heard her call with delight as she was swallowed by the native dancers, swept away in their midst under the moon until all I could see of her were her hands waving gaily above her head.
“God help you, people,” whispered Narcissa White in a small voice.
“Gawd, Nahcissa,” drawled Daisy Lovelace, “Don’t be such a damn stick in the mud. This is our weddin’ night, we should all be celebratin’. Have a lil’ drink, why don’t you.” Daisy held out her flask, and seemed rather drunk herself. “We can repent tomorah after we have made passionate luuuve to our niggah Injun boys tonight,” she continued, “because Ah have a daaahk suspicion that tomorah we shall be most in need of deevine forgiveness … . But what the Hell, Ah believe Ah’ll take a turn on the dance floor mahself. I shall pretend that Ah’m attendin’ the spring debutante ball at the Mariposa Plantation. It is there that I came out to society and where Ah danced away the most glorious night of my life. Wesley Chestnut said Ah was the most beautiful girl at the ball … and afterwards he kissed me for the first time out on the veranda …” And poor Daisy curtsied and held her arms out, as if joining an invisible partner, and said in a soft dreamy voice, “Thank you, kind suh, Ah don’t maahnd if I do,” and she began to do a slow waltz to the music, twirling in among the dancers, soon lost in their midst.
And so, one by one, each of us, trying to hold on to some precious recollection of our past, even if it was only a familiar dance step—any thin lifeline to keep us from falling completely into the abyss of savagery that was opening beneath us—so we joined, one by one, the dance.
What a sight we must have made whirling madly under the full moon … waltzes and jigs and polkas, a lively cancan from our pretty little French girl, Marie Blanche—for you see it did not matter what step we did, for all steps were the same finally, faster and faster, a frenzy of color, motion and sound, all the dancers now like breeding birds on the lek, plumage puffed and ruffled, the cocks’ chests swelled, the hens’ backsides half-turned teasing the air between them—we danced forward and back, round and round—in the music could be heard the steady booming drumming of the grouse, laid over the pulsing rhythmic heartbeat of the earth, and in the singing could be heard the elements of thunder, wind, and rain … this dance of earth. How the gods watching must have enjoyed their creation.
And the music and singing filled the sultry night air, washed out over the plains on the breeze so that even the animals gathered on the hills around to watch and listen—the coyotes and wolves took up the song, the bears and antelope and elk appeared—their outlines distinct on the moonlit horizon, and the children watched from behind the embers of the fire, spellbound, a bit frightened by the power of madness they beheld, and the old people watched, nodding to one another approvingly.
We danced. We danced. The People watched. The animals watched. The gods watched.



Some of the dancers danced all night, for the music played on until the first light of dawn surprised the setting moon. But most of us were claimed earlier by the families of our new husbands; they surrounded us at some point, quietly and without comment, and we followed, meek as lambs, as they led us back to the lodges.
A new tipi had been erected just outside the circle of the Little Wolf family lodges. To this I was taken and at the entrance was made to sit on a soft trade blanket spread on the ground there. Then several of the family members, who included both of the Chief’s other wives as well as two young female cousins and the Chief’s daughter Pretty Walker, grasped corners of the blanket and wordlessly picked me up and carried me through the entrance into the lodge—much like being carried over the threshold as is our own custom—but by the groom’s family women rather than the groom himself. Now I was set down in the new lodge, beside a small fire that burned in the center. The buffalo-hide walls were newly tanned as white as parchment paper and prettily decorated with all manner of primitive drawings, some depicting the hunt, others scenes of warfare, others of men and women in sexual intimacies, of family life, children, and dogs, and still others designs that I could not decipher but were perhaps images of the heathens’ gods themselves.
After all had left me alone, I breathed a great sigh of relief—privacy at last! How I hoped that this was to be my own new home. I realized that it was the very first time I had been completely alone since we had arrived here, and what a wonderful luxury it seemed. Exhausted, I stretched out on the soft blanket, before the warm fire, listening to the pulsing music …
I fell then into a deep slumber and had the strangest dream … at least it happened like a dream … It must have been a dream, for my husband was now in the tent with me, he was still dancing softly, noiselessly, his moccasined feet rising and falling gracefully, soundlessly, he spun softly around the fire, shaking his gourd rattle, which made no sound, danced like a spirit being around me where I lay sleeping. I began to become aroused, felt a tingling in my stomach, an erotic tickle between my thighs, the immutable pull of desire as he displayed to me. I dreamed that I saw his manhood grow from beneath his breechclout like a serpent as he danced and I lay on my stomach breathing shallowly and pressing myself against the blanket, feeling that I would explode there. I tried to reach to him but he moved away and behind me and in my dream I could feel him brushing my now naked rump as if with feathers, teasing and brushing so that I became even more aroused. And then, still lying on my stomach I raised my rump toward him, offered myself, and the brushing intensified and I fell again to press against the blanket, a deep pain of longing to be filled. And still he danced lightly, soundlessly behind me, footsteps rising and falling. Now in my dream a noise rose in my throat, like a sound issuing from another, a sound I had never before heard and I raised my rump again higher and made with it slow circular motion, an act of nature, and the brushing of feathers came again and became finally the faintest touch of flesh, a nipping at my neck, the serpent warm and dry fell across my rump, gently rested between my legs with its own pulse like a heartbeat, moving them apart, opening me, entering me slowly and painlessly and pulling back and entering me again and pulling back so that at last I thrust myself backward toward it as if to capture it once and for all, to take it in. And then it entered me deeply, completely, and the strange sound rose again in my throat and my body trembled, shook, and bucked, and in my dream I was not a human being any longer with a separate consciousness, but became a part of something older and more primitive, truer … Like animals, Bourke said … this is what he meant … like animals …
There the dream ended and I remember nothing more until I woke up alone at dawn still lying facedown on the blanket, still dressed in my deerhide wedding dress. I know that it can only have been a dream, an erotic dream the likes of which I had never before experienced. But I also know that, as if by magic, a child now grows inside of me …
Well, Hortense, what else is there to say of that night? Would that you could read these words—how shocked you would be by the erotic details of my wedding night! It amuses me to imagine you considering this description over a cup of tea after you’ve sent Walter off to the bank and the children to school. If only you could know to what depths the family’s actions have driven me, finally, surely poor Harry Ames might seem like a less unsuitable mate for your little sister. If only you could know that your accusations against me have led me to a world more lunatic than any you can possibly imagine.
Please give my regards to Mother and Father, and tell them that I shall write to them soon. And kiss my dearest babies for me … tell them that not a day passes, not a moment when they are not in my heart and my thoughts … and that soon they will have a new brother or sister and one day we shall all be together …


I am, your loving sister,
May