21
Second Sunday in July 1339
Church of Santa Maria de la Mar
Barcelona
FOUR YEARS HAD passed since Gastó Seguro
refused to give his daughter’s hand in marriage to Arnau the
bastaix. A few months later, Aledis was married off to an
old master tanner, a widower for whom his young bride’s charms more
than made up for her lack of dowry. Until the moment she was given
away, Aledis never left her mother’s sight.
Arnau himself was now a tall, strong, and
good-looking young man of eighteen. During those four years he had
lived from and for the guild of bastaixos, the church of
Santa Maria, and his brother Joan. He carried more than his share
of goods and stone blocks; he gave money to the guild, and attended
religious services devoutly. But he had not married, and the guild
aldermen were worried that a lusty young man like him might fall
into temptation, which would mean they would have to expel him from
the brotherhood.
Yet Arnau would not hear of marrying. When the
priest told him Gastó wanted nothing to do with him, Arnau stood
staring at the sea, thinking of the women who had been part of his
life: he had not even known who his mother was; Guiamona had shown
him affection, but then turned against him; Habiba had vanished in
a welter of blood and pain (at night Arnau often still dreamed of
Grau’s whip lashing her naked body); Estranya had treated him like
a slave; Margarida had laughed at him at his moment of greatest
humiliation; and Aledis—what could he say about her? It was thanks
to her that he had discovered the man inside him, but she had soon
abandoned him.
“I have to take care of my brother,” he told the
aldermen whenever they brought the matter up. “You know he has
dedicated his life to the church, to serve God,” he would say while
they thought of how to persuade him. “What better aim could there
be in life?”
At this the aldermen invariably fell silent.
This was how Arnau lived throughout those four
years: calmly, wrapped up in his work, Santa Maria, and above all,
Joan.
That second Sunday in July 1339 was a historic day
for Barcelona. In January 1336, King Alfonso the Kind had died in
the city, and after Easter that same year, his son Pedro was
crowned in Zaragoza. He became Pedro the Third of Catalonia, Pedro
the Fourth of Aragon, and Pedro the Second of Valencia.
Between 1336 and 1339, the new monarch did not so
much as visit Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia. Both the
nobility and the merchants were concerned at this failure to pay
homage to the kingdom’s most important city. They were all well
aware of the new king’s dislike of the Catalan nobility: Pedro the
Third was the son of Alfonso’s first wife, Teresa de Entenza,
countess of Urgel and vice countess of Ager. Teresa had died before
her husband became king, and Alfonso remarried, this time to
Eleonor of Castille, an ambitious and cruel woman by whom he had
two sons.
Despite his conquest of Sardinia, King Alfonso was
a weak, easily led man: Queen Eleonor quickly won large tracts of
land and honors for her sons. Her next goal was to pursue her
stepchildren, the children of Teresa de Entenza who were the heirs
to the throne. Throughout the eight years of Alfonso the Kind’s
reign, Eleonor never missed an opportunity to attack the Infante
Pedro, who was still a young boy, as well as his brother, Jaime,
count of Urgel. Only two Catalan nobles, Pedro’s godfather, Ot de
Montcada, and Vidal de Vilanova, the knight commander of Montalbán,
supported the cause of Teresa’s children. It was they who warned
King Alfonso and the two brothers to escape before they were
poisoned. Pedro and Jaime followed their advice, and hid in the
mountains of Jaca in Aragon before finally securing the protection
of the nobles of Aragon and seeking refuge in the city of Zaragoza,
where they were protected by Archbishop Pedro de Luna.
This was the reason why Pedro’s coronation broke
with a tradition that had been upheld ever since the kingdom of
Aragon had been united with the principality of Catalonia. While he
ascended the throne of Aragon in Zaragoza, the right to rule
Catalonia, which belonged to him as the count of Barcelona, had
always been granted in Catalan territory. Until Pedro the Third,
new monarchs first took the oath in Barcelona, and were later
crowned in Zaragoza. Whereas the king took the crown of Aragon
simply because he was the new monarch, as count of Barcelona he had
to swear allegiance to the laws and customs of Catalonia, a
ceremony that was regarded as essential before he could be crowned
king.
As count of Barcelona, prince of Catalonia, the
monarch was seen by the Catalan nobility simply as primus inter
pares. This was evident from the oath that they swore him: “We,
who are as good as you, swear to Your Majesty, who is no better
than us, that we will accept you as our king and sovereign liege,
for as long as you respect all our freedoms and laws; if not, not.”
As a result, when Pedro the Third was to be crowned, the Catalan
nobles went to Zaragoza to demand that he come first to Barcelona
to swear the oath there as all his predecessors had done. When the
king refused, the Catalans walked out of the coronation. However,
the king knew he must receive their oaths of loyalty, and so,
despite renewed protests by the nobility and authorities in
Barcelona, he chose to do so in the city of Lérida. In June 1336,
after swearing to respect the Catalan customs and laws, he duly
received their expressions of loyalty.
So it was that on the second Sunday of July 1339,
King Pedro paid his first visit to Barcelona, the city he had
humiliated. Three reasons brought him there: the oath that his
brother-in-law Jaime the Third, king of Mallorca, count of
Roussillon and Cerdagne, and lord of Montpellier, had to swear as a
vassal of the crown of Aragon; the general council of bishops of
the province of Tarragona (to which Barcelona belonged); and the
transfer of the remains of Saint Eulàlia the martyr from the church
of Santa Maria to the cathedral.
The first two events took place out of sight of
ordinary people. Jaime the Third expressly asked that his oath of
allegiance be given not in front of the populace, but in the palace
chapel, before a small group of chosen nobles.
The third event, however, became a public
spectacle. Nobles, churchmen, and all the inhabitants of the city
came out onto the streets. The most privileged among them
accompanied the royal party as they first heard mass in the
cathedral, then walked in procession down to Santa Maria, before
finally returning to the cathedral with the martyr’s remains.
All along the way, the streets were lined with
people anxious to proclaim their king. Santa Maria’s apse was
already roofed over; work had begun on the second vault, but a part
of the original Romanesque church still survived.
Saint Eulàlia was martyred during Roman rule, in
the year 303. Her remains were kept first in the Roman cemetery and
then in the church of Santa Maria de las Arenas, which was built on
the pagan burial ground once Emperor Constantine had issued his
edict authorizing Christian worship. When the Arabs invaded Spain,
the men in charge of the tiny church decided to hide the martyr’s
remains. In 801, when the French king Louis the Pious liberated the
city, Frodoí, the then bishop of Barcelona, decided to search for
the saint’s relics. Once found, they were laid to rest in a small
coffer in Santa Maria.
In spite of being draped in scaffolding and
surrounded by stones and building material, Santa Maria looked
splendid for the royal visit. The archdeacon, Bernat Rosell,
together with members of the commission of works, noblemen,
beneficiaries, and other church dignitaries, all of them dressed in
their finest robes, were there to greet the king. The bright colors
of their garments were spectacular: the July morning sun poured in
through the unfinished roof and windows of the church, glinting on
the gold and metal adorning the vestments of those privileged
enough to wait for the king inside.
The sun also glinted on the blunt tip of Arnau’s
dagger: the humble bastaixos had taken up a place of honor
alongside all the important dignitaries. Some of them, Arnau
included, stood outside the chapel of the sacraments, the one they
looked after. Other bastaixos stood guard at the front doorway to
the church, which was still part of the old Romanesque
building.
The bastaixos, formerly slaves or macips
de ribera, enjoyed many privileges in Santa Maria de la Mar. As
well as being responsible for the church’s main chapel and being
the guardians of the main entrance, the masses for their
celebrations were said at the high altar, the chief alderman of the
guild kept the key of the Jesus chapel, and during Corpus Christi
they were the ones who carried the statue of the Virgin, and also
the lesser ones of saints Tecla, Catherine, and Macia. In addition,
whenever a bastaix was close to death, the holy eucharist
was carried to him, at whatever time of day or night, through the
main doorway under its canopy.
That July morning, Arnau and his companions were
allowed through the lines of soldiers protecting the royal party.
He knew he was the envy of all the citizens thronging the streets
in the hope of seeing the king. A mere laborer in the port, here he
was striding into Santa Maria alongside noblemen and merchants, as
if he were one of them. As he walked through the church on the way
to his chapel, he found himself opposite Grau Puig, Isabel, and his
three cousins, all of them decked out in silk, as haughty and
condescending as ever.
“Arnau,” he heard someone call just as he was
continuing on past Margarida. Was it not enough for them to have
ruined his father’s life? Could they possibly be so cruel as to
want to humiliate him still further in front of his colleagues,
here in the church? “Arnau,” he heard someone call again.
He looked up and saw Berenguer de Montagut standing
in front of him, only a yard from the Puig family.
“Your Excellency,” said the master builder,
addressing the archdeacon. “May I present Arnau ...”
“Estanyol,” Arnau stammered.
“He is the bastaix I have often told you
about. When he was only a boy, he was already carrying stones for
the Virgin.”
The prelate nodded and held out his ringed finger,
which Arnau leaned forward to kiss. Berenguer de Montagut patted
him on the back. Arnau saw Grau and his family bowing to the
prelate and the master builder, but neither paid them any
attention, moving on to greet other nobles. Arnau straightened and
strode away from the Puig family toward the Jesus chapel, where he
joined his guild companions to stand guard.
Shouts from the crowd outside announced the arrival
of the king and his retinue. King Pedro the Third; King Jaime of
Mallorca; Queen Maria, Pedro’s wife; the infantes Pedro, Ramon
Berenguer, and Jaime—the first two the king’s uncles, the last his
brother; the queen of Mallorca, also a sister of the king; Cardinal
Rodés, the papal envoy; the archbishop of Tarragona; other bishops
and prelates; nobles and knights—they all headed in procession down
Calle de la Mar to Santa Maria. Never before had Barcelona seen
such a display of personalities, such wealth and pomp.
Pedro the Third, the Ceremonious, wanted to impress
the people of Barcelona whom he had neglected for more than three
years. He succeeded. The two kings, the cardinal, and the
archbishop were carried on litters by bishops and nobles. At the
provisional high altar, they received the chest with the martyr’s
remains. The entire congregation looked on closely, and Arnau could
scarcely contain his nervousness. The king himself carried the
coffer with the holy relics from Santa Maria to the cathedral. He
went inside and handed over the remains for burial in the specially
constructed chapel beneath the high altar.