Chapter 4: Mao’s Continuous Revolution
1 For Mao on Qin Shihuang, see, for example, “Talks
at the Beidaihe Conference: August 19, 1958,” in Roderick
MacFarquhar, Timothy Cheek, and Eugene Wu, eds., The Secret Speeches of Chairman Mao: From the Hundred
Flowers to the Great Leap Forward (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1989), 405; “Talks at the First Zhengzhou
Conference: November 10, 1958,” in MacFarquhar, Cheek, and Wu,
eds., The Secret Speeches of Chairman
Mao, 476; Tim Adams, “Behold the Mighty Qin,” The Observer (August 19, 2007); and Li Zhisui,
The Private Life of Chairman Mao,
trans. Tai Hung-chao (New York: Random House, 1994),
122.
2 André Malraux, Anti-Memoirs, trans. Terence Kilmartin (New York:
Henry Holt, 1967), 373–74.
3 “Speech at the Supreme State Conference:
Excerpts, 28 January 1958,” in Stuart Schram, ed., Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed: Talks and Letters:
1956–71 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975), 92–93.
4 “On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship: In
Commemoration of the Twenty-eighth Anniversary of the Communist
Party of China: June 30, 1949,” Selected Works
of Mao Tse-tung, vol. 4 (Peking: Foreign Languages Press,
1969), 412.
5 “Sixty Points on Working Methods—A Draft
Resolution from the Office of the Centre of the CPC: 19.2.1958,” in
Jerome Ch’en, ed., Mao Papers: Anthology and
Bibliography (London: Oxford University Press, 1970),
63.
6 Ibid., 66.
7 “The Chinese People Have Stood Up: September
1949,” in Timothy Cheek, ed., Mao Zedong and
China’s Revolutions: A Brief History with Documents (New
York: Palgrave, 2002), 126.
8 See M. Taylor Fravel, “Regime Insecurity and
International Cooperation: Explaining China’s Compromises in
Territorial Disputes,” International
Security 30, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 56–57; “A Himalayan Rivalry:
India and China,” The Economist 396,
no. 8696 (August 21, 2010), 17–20.
9 Zhang Baijia, “Zhou Enlai—The Shaper and Founder
of China’s Diplomacy,” in Michael H. Hunt and Niu Jun, eds.,
Toward a History of Chinese Communist Foreign
Relations, 1920s–1960s: Personalities and Interpretive
Approaches (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars, Asia Program, 1992), 77.
10 Charles Hill, Grand
Strategies: Literature, Statecraft, and World Order (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), 2.
11 “Memorandum of Conversation: Beijing, July 10,
1971, 12:10–6 p.m.,” in Steven E. Phillips, ed., Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS),
1969–1976, vol. 17, China
1969–1972, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Office, 2006), 404. Zhou Enlai recited these lines during one of
our first meetings in Beijing in July 1971.
12 John W. Garver, “China’s Decision for War with
India in 1962,” in Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S. Ross, eds.,
New Directions in the Study of China’s Foreign
Policy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006),
107.
13 Li, The Private Life of
Chairman Mao, 83.
14 “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among
the People: February 27, 1957,” Selected Works
of Mao Tse-tung, vol. 5 (Peking: Foreign Languages Press,
1977), 417.
15 Edgar Snow, The Long
Revolution (New York: Random House, 1972), 217.
16 Lin Piao [Lin Biao], Long
Live the Victory of People’s War! (Peking: Foreign Languages
Press, 1967), 38 (originally published September 3, 1965, in the
Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily]).
17 Kuisong Yang and Yafeng Xia, “Vacillating
Between Revolution and Détente: Mao’s Changing Psyche and Policy
Toward the United States, 1969–1976,” Diplomatic History 34, no. 2 (April
2010).
18 Chen Jian and David L. Wilson, eds., “All Under
the Heaven Is Great Chaos: Beijing, the Sino-Soviet Border Clashes,
and the Turn Toward Sino-American Rapprochement, 1968–69,”
Cold War International History Project
Bulletin 11 (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars, Winter 1998), 161.
19 Michel Oksenberg, “The Political Leader,” in
Dick Wilson, ed., Mao Tse-tung in the Scales
of History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978),
90.
20 Stuart Schram, The Thought
of Mao Tse-Tung (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1989), 23.
21 “The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese
Communist Party: December 1939,” Selected
Works of Mao Tse-tung, vol. 2, 306.
22 John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman,
China: A New History, 2nd enlarged
edition (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2006), 395.
23 “Memorandum of Conversation: Beijing, Feb. 21,
1972, 2:50–3:55 pm.,” FRUS 17,
678.
24 “The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains,”
Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, vol. 3,
272.