3
RAISING HELL – THE TURNING POINT
For a man to truly achieve his destiny, his life
must not be lived in isolation. It must be wrapped up with
important events going on in the wider world, on a collision course
with history.
For me, the point of impact occurred on 3
July 1981. Britain was in the grip of a massive recession, nobody
had a job and I was fighting grinding poverty. I had just settled
down with a girl I had met about a year before, shortly after I got
back from London. Her name was Maria Sampson, and my first son,
Stephen, had recently been born. I was trying to get work, do the
right thing and fight against the evil inside me, but it was a
dustbowl out there.
Beneath the surface of the city, incredible tension
simmered between the police and the black community. False arrests
were run of the mill. This was before racism became a mainstream
issue, and I knew, like every other black lad, what it was like to
be on the other end of a policeman’s boot. I was 11 the first time
Merseyside’s finest assaulted me and 42 the last, with at least a
dozen incidents in between.
It was a summer’s day in 1981, and our Stephen was
a month old. I was out with my brother Andrew John. We were at the
stage of trying to physically outdo each other. We were T-shirted
up, it was warm and we were hanging around on a street near the
perimeter of the ghetto. Suddenly, a police officer my age – thin,
naive and wet behind the ears – stepped out from one of two police
cars and attempted to physically and verbally abuse us. He told us
to move on, when there was clearly nowhere else to move on to.
Babylonians they were, flexing their muscles.
Another police officer said, ‘Monkeys, get back to
the zoo. Go on, get your arses back to Granby Street,’ meaning that
we were to get back to the heart of the ghetto and stay
there.
A lad called Leroy Cooper was with us. Leroy was
the most eloquent lad I knew and today is a well-published poet. He
verbally slaughtered the bizzies, and they retaliated by resorting
to their old stalwarts of, ‘You dirty black bastards! You nasty
niggers, get back to Africa!’
At this, Leroy became incensed. Andrew and I,
accompanied by another mate called Ivan Freeman, watched as he
rammed the police car with the bicycle he was riding. Three
policemen came at him and attempted to arrest him. At this point,
Andrew gave me ‘the look’ – one that painted a thousand words. We
were veteran martial artists, in complete control of our bodies and
minds, and we were prepared to step into the arena of combat – even
if it was against the storm troopers of Margaret Thatcher’s
establishment. Leroy cried out, ‘Enough is enough!’ Thus, the
touchpaper had been lit. An uprising had begun. The rest, as they
say, is history.
Though the papers called it the Toxteth riots, what
happened next wasn’t really a riot; it was a rebellion against
oppression and injustice. One of the police cars, a Panda or Rover,
I think, was pushed into some roadworks, then down a hill, before
being set alight. The three injured officers escaped in the other
car. The ferocity of our retaliation swept through the ghetto like
a whirlwind; never before had such a force been seen in the UK.
Leroy marched through the streets, like Spartacus through the
villages, as the ranks rapidly swelled behind him.
Andrew John and I fought side by side against the
pigs. Terrified Merseyside police were forced to bus in officers
from outside the region to put on the front line. The poor bastards
never knew what hit them. However, it was not about race: both
black and white joined forces in the battle against oppression and
police brutality.
I ripped the stripes from a sergeant’s arm, took
his helmet and wore the spoils of victory like a Zulu warrior
wearing a British red coat at the Battle of Isandlwana. They were
badges of honour: proof of my courage and valour in the face of the
enemy. Then I took a bin lid as a shield and broke off a table leg
as a weapon. The army of people around me followed suit. I started
to rhythmically bang the bin lid on the ground to warn my attackers
off. Soon enough, my soldiers in arms began to do the same, making
an unholy racket. Our aggressors turned heel and fled.
There is something about watching the sight of your
enemy flee that gives you a feeling higher than any drug. Although
it was short-lived, I will never forget the glory of that victory
for as long as I live – the screams, yells and dances of
celebration. I was 21 years old, and for the first time in my life
I felt truly free. I was the all-conquering lion of my tribe. I
raised my head up to the blazing sky, let out a primeval roar of
victory and felt a wave of sensation go through me that was better
than sex.
Nothing I have achieved since that moment comes
even close to the feeling of power and strength I had that night in
1981. I felt like a Roman gladiator who had won his freedom in the
arena. However, that was not the end of the battle. Full-scale
rioting blew up over the next nine days, in which the police used
CS gas for the first time in mainland Britain. The resulting damage
amounted to 468 injured police officers, 500 arrests and at least
70 demolished buildings.
Like a phoenix from the fire, I rose from the ashes
of the riots a different man – the first of many epiphanies. It was
then that I was reborn as the Devil – officially. I won the title
off a guy called Lloyd Johnson, who had been the Devil before me.
Amid the smoking ruins and tensions of the post-riot landscape, he
had abused my sister in the street, because he thought she was
white. Me and my brother rounded their whole family up, and I
presented Lloyd ‘the Devil’ Johnson to her, like a dog at her feet.
I told him to kiss her feet and apologise. So, it was from that day
on that the name the Devil passed from him to me. He was evil and
dark, but now I was the new ‘King of Hell’. Power, domination and
control would be my watchwords from then on.
But, as always, I faced a dichotomy of feelings.
Kindness and love sat beside hate and violence in my soul. At the
same time as being christened the Devil, I took it upon myself to
adopt a poor orphan child and bring him up as my own. The baby’s
name was Danny, and his dad – a wanted man – had been forced to
flee abroad after the riots. Later on, his dad was killed in tragic
circumstances, so I vowed to look after his son as if he were my
own.
After the riots, we in the black community wanted
to appoint our own leaders. However, Militant-controlled Liverpool
Council and their leader Derek Hatton wanted to parachute their own
man into the job – a black race-relations expert from London called
Sam Bond. Needless to say, we were having none of it. Everywhere
Bond went, he was attacked and abused.
Like many radical parties, Militant relied on
muscle to help impose their influence behind the scenes. Enter
Stephen French – or ‘The Frenchman’ as I was sometimes known – a
young, up-and-coming hoodlum who was getting noticed by the white
chieftains who controlled the levers of power. One day, I was
secretly approached by some rogue Militant members, without the
knowledge of Hatton and co., who wanted me to do their dirty work.
Thanks to my flair for martial arts, I had a bit of a reputation as
a hard-hitter. They paid me £500 to protect Sam Bond at an upcoming
meeting at Toxteth Sports Centre. The way I saw it, they were
bribing me to turn against my community and endorse their
man.
I agreed to the job, but when I got to the meeting
I stood up in front of Bond and the crowd and tore up the £500. I
told someone to turn the lights off, and Sam Bond and Derek Hatton
were assaulted in the ensuing chaos. At that time, I could’ve done
with that £500, but I also knew that some rogue Militant members
were as bent as a nine-bob note. They had the working man fooled,
and they had just tried to have the black community off as well, by
forcing a leader on us whom we didn’t want.
But none of this really mattered in the greater
scheme of things. As the politicians busily rearranged the
deckchairs on the sinking ship, they failed to notice massive and
sinister changes taking place in Toxteth, as well as in the wider
world. The post-riots landscape was becoming a breeding ground for
organised crime on an industrial scale and was nurturing some of
the biggest gangsters that the UK would ever see. Several factors
relating to habitat and lifestyle came together by chance, creating
a unique environment that allowed crime to thrive.
First, you had a group of black lads, aged 14 to
24, who were physically fit and strong – they trained, played
football and did boxing every day. They had no opportunities and no
money, but they were clear-headed and they banded together because
they had to. Second, there was a police no-go area, where dealers
could sell drugs with impunity. This gave the dealers on the front
line an area of incubation where they could grow as big as redwoods
without fear of being cut down. The mentality was very much
anti-police and anti-establishment – one which justified crime as a
political action and a form of self-help for an oppressed
minority.
Simultaneously, there were macro changes in crime
outside the ghetto. You had a group of white, middle-aged former
armed robbers who wanted to invest in a more profitable type of
crime. In addition to this, there was a new generation of leaders
who were taking control of old crime families: young lads who had
none of their fathers’ hang-ups about selling drugs. For the first
time, they wanted to make strategic alliances with black gangs, who
had the ‘narco’ expertise they were looking for, in order to
distribute drugs on a mass scale.
Geography also played a vital role. Liverpool was a
port where the crime gangs were world experts in trade-based crime.
They had been smuggling contraband and robbing the docks blind for
centuries. The docks were controlled by them – an advantage that
would allow them to steal a march on rival gangs in the UK and the
rest of Europe.
On a world level, there was an explosion in the
production of cheap drugs, due to mass-production farming, and the
Colombian Cali cartel was looking to open up new markets in Europe.
This dovetailed nicely with a general increase in the spending
power of the ordinary consumer, who could now afford to buy drugs.
New technology could also be added to the equation: mobile phones,
faxes and cheap international air travel all helped to facilitate
the life of the drug dealer. And the ‘Big Bang’, financial
deregulation and the property boom of the 1980s made it easier for
drug barons to move money across the world and launder their
profits.
The success of Liverpool Football Club in Europe in
the 1980s also provided a good cover for scallies who travelled far
and wide across the Continent without raising suspicion. They
consequently made contacts in cities such as Amsterdam and settled
in all the major distribution hubs, such as Rotterdam, Paris and
Hamburg. The bottom line was this: Liverpool had become the
number-one drugs capital of the UK and was starting to give even
Amsterdam a run for its money. At its centre were the black gangs,
who for the first time were able to take control and get more than
just a few crumbs of the cake.
All the variables fell into the same orbit at the
same time. The scene had been set, and a new type of graft had
changed the criminal landscape for ever. Bag robbers would become
multimillionaires within months. Armed robbers that owned
fruit-and-veg shops on the boarded-up streets of Liverpool would
soon have enough money to buy oil fields in the Caspian basin,
banks in the Far East and football clubs.
However, before you could enter the super league,
you had to pay your dues and get a kitty together to fund the drug
deals. This was commonly called armed robbery. In 1984, a job
opportunity came along. The Solid Gold Posse was Britain’s first
all-black gang of armed robbers. The head of the SGP was a mate of
mine called Edgar. I had already done a little bit of work with him
on a security van at a cash and carry. He liked my style, because
I’d hit the guard so hard that his visor had come off his face, and
we’d got away with all the money. On just that little stunt, we had
made seven grand, worth about £20,000 now.
Edgar would spot a security van, rip out his
notebook and log the date, time, location, registration number and
details of the business that the van was servicing. Then he’d
return the next week to see if the van came back, to determine if
it was a regular pickup or not. He’d do this for a month until he
got a complete picture of the routine. Using this intel, he’d plan
to rob the van around that scheduled time. He planned everything
down to the last detail, even the getaway. Usually, this consisted
of a quick burn away from the bank in a car to a pre-assigned safe
house, where we changed our clothes and left the money. Then it was
out of the back door and we were gone. We never had the problems of
street cameras or high-tech surveillance. It was all pretty basic
back then, and if you got away from the scene, you got away with
the robbery.
Edgar’s firm was difficult to get into, and there
was a kind of waiting list. Nonetheless, Andrew John had started
doing jobs with them. One day he was caught during an armed robbery
and remanded to jail so a full-time spot became available to do
another job with the SGP.
To join the SGP or not to join – that was the
question. I wrestled with a devil on one shoulder and an angel on
the other. The stakes were high, but so were the risks. I knew it
was a step up the ladder, possibly even a route map to the big
time. So, who would triumph? The angels of my better nature or the
infernal serpent?