^[1] Fischer, Germany’s Aims, pp. 622-623. <<

^[2] Renouvin, Crise européenne, pp. 670-672. <<

^[3] Hürter, ed., Paul von Hintze. <<

^[4] Barnett, Swordbearers, p. 336; Ludendorff, Meine Kriegserinnerungen, p. 518. <<

^[5] Foch, Mémoires, vol. 2, p. 112. <<

^[6] Ibíd., pp. 115-118. <<

^[7] Pedroncini, Pétain, pp. 401-402. <<

^[8] Coffman, War to End All Wars, p. 239; Travers, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, pp. 274-275. <<

^[9] Foch, Mémoires, pp. 145-160; Asprey, German High Command, p. 441. <<

^[10] Barnett, Swordbearers, pp. 349-357. <<

^[11] Asprey, German High Command, p. 443. <<

^[12] Liddell Hart, Foch, p. 343. <<

^[13] Foch, Mémoires, vol. 2, pp. 162-169. <<

^[14] Falls, First World War, p. 354. <<

^[15] Prior y Wilson, Command on the Western Front, cap. 26. <<

^[16] Ibíd., pp. 295-300. <<

^[17] Ibíd., cap. 27. <<

^[18] Ibíd., caps. 28, 29. <<

^[19] Asprey, German High Command, p. 61. <<

^[20] Terraine, Douglas Haig, p. 458. <<

^[21] Ferguson, Pity of War, pp. 386-387. <<

^[22] Asprey, German High Command, p. 432. <<

^[23] Foch, Mémoires, vol. 2, pp. 185-187. <<

^[24] Prior y Wilson, Command on the Western Front, cap. 30. <<

^[25] Coffman, War to End All Wars, pp. 273-282. <<

^[26] Foch, Mémoires, vol. 2, pp. 205-215. <<

^[27] Wilson a Haig, 31 de agosto de 1918, NLS Haig MSS 213a (apéndice). <<

^[28] Travers, How the War Was Won, p. 157. <<

^[29] Falls, First World War, p. 387. <<

^[30] Travers, How the War Was Won, p. 154. <<

^[31] Paschall, Defeat of Imperial Germany, pp. 181-184. <<

^[32] Falls, First World War, p. 378; Liddell Hart, Foch, p. 368. <<

^[33] Brown, «Not Glamorous», pp. 437-440; Travers, How the War Was Won, pp. 160-164. <<

^[34] Travers, How the War Was Won, pp. 157-158, 166-169; Prior y Wilson, Command on the Western Front, caps. 31-33. <<

^[35] Véanse Swain, Origins of the Russian Civil War, y Mawdsley, Russian Civil War, para una visión general. <<

^[36] Mawdsley, Russian Civil War, pp. 40-41. <<

^[37] Herwig, «German Policy in the Eastern Baltic Sea». <<

^[38] Fischer, Germany’s Aims, pp. 571-573; Debo, Revolution and Survival, cap. 12. <<

^[39] Ullman, Anglo-Soviet Relations, vol. 1, pp. 152, 309, 320, 332; vol. 2, pp. 20, 28; Mawdsley, Russian Civil War, pp. 285-287. <<

^[40] Debo, Revolution and Survival, pp. 154-155, 266-270. <<

^[41] Woodward, «British Government and Japanese Intervention». <<

^[42] Schwartz, «Divided Attention». <<

^[43] Morley, Japanese Thrust, passim; Dickinson, War and National Reinvention, cap. 5; Seymour, ed., Intimate Papers of Colonel House, vol. 3, pp. 398-408; Unterberger, «President Wilson»; Lasch, «American Intervention». <<

^[44] Debo, Revolution and Survival, cap. 11; Bradley, Allied Intervention, cap. 4. <<

^[45] Long, «American Intervention»; Morley, Japanese Thrust, pp. 260-289. <<

^[46] Debo, Revolution and Survival, p. 259. <<

^[47] Kitchen, Silent Dictatorship, pp. 223-226. <<

^[48] Kazamzadeh, Struggle for Transcaucasia, pp. 56-57. <<

^[49] Ibíd., pp. 81 y ss.; MacFie, End of the Ottoman Empire, pp. 154, 158. <<

^[50] Trumpener, Germany and the Ottoman Empire, cap. 6. <<

^[51] MacFie, End of the Ottoman Empire, p. 156. <<

^[52] Sheffy, British Military Intelligence, pp. 300, 346. <<

^[53] Hughes, Allenby, p. 69. <<

^[54] Dawn, «Influence of T. E. Lawrence», pp. 71-79. <<

^[55] Falls, First World War, p. 376. <<

^[56] Hughes, Allenby, cap. 5. <<

^[57] Emin, Turkey, p. 262. <<

^[58] Falls, First World War, pp. 376-379; Renouvin, Crise européenne, p. 600. <<

^[*] Véase el capítulo 15. <<

^[59] Renouvin, Crise européenne, pp. 533-534, 605-606. <<

^[60] Hamard, «Quand la victoire», p. 30. <<

^[61] Dutton, Politics of Diplomacy, pp. 167-176. <<

^[62] Renouvin, Crise européenne, p. 594. <<

^[63] Ibíd., p. 599; Hamard, «Quand la victoire», p. 31. <<

^[64] Herwig, First World War, p. 425. <<

^[65] Ferguson, Pity of War, p. 370. <<

^[66] Travers, How the War Was Won, pp. 149-150. <<

^[67] Travers, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, pp. 288-290. <<

^[68] Herwig, First World War, p. 420; Guinard et al., eds., Inventaire, vol. 1, p. 205; Andrew y Kanya-Forstner, «France, Africa, and the First World War», pp. 15-16. <<

^[69] Grieves, Politics of Manpower, pp. 195-196. <<

^[70] Wilson, Myriad Faces, pp. 566, 645. <<

^[71] Kennedy, «Strategy and Supply», p. 57. <<

^[72] Ibíd., p. 59. <<

^[73] Kennedy, Over Here, pp. 178-185; Meigs, Optimism at Armageddon, cap. 1. <<

^[74] Kennedy, Over Here, pp. 159-162; Coffman, War to End All Wars, pp. 231-233; Barbeau y Florette, Unknown Soldiers. <<

^[75] Meigs, Optimism at Armageddon, cap. 2; Martin, «German Strategy», pp. 181, 189-190. <<

^[*] Véase el capítulo 15. <<

^[76] Kaspi, Temps des Américains, p. 193. <<

^[77] Halpern, Naval History, p. 435. <<

^[78] Parsons, «Why the British». <<

^[79] Kaspi, Temps des Américains, p. 237. <<

^[80] Ludendorff, Meine Kriegserinnerungen, pp. 512, 514. <<

^[81] Martin, «German Strategy», pp. 181-192. <<

^[82] Kennedy, Over Here, pp. 173-174; Nenninger, «American Military Effectiveness», p. 143. <<

^[83] Travers, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, p. 290. <<

^[84] Harris y Barr, Amiens to the Armistice, p. 191. <<

^[85] Travers, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, p. 280. <<

^[86] Travers, How the War Was Won, p. 145. <<

^[87] Pedroncini, Pétain, pp. 199-230. <<

^[88] Ibíd., pp. 401-402; Travers, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, p. 289. <<

^[89] Morrow, Great War in the Air, p. 282. <<

^[90] Suinard, Inventaire, vol. 1, p. 129. <<

^[91] Simkins, «Co-Stars or Supporting Cast?», p. 53. <<

^[92] Winter, Haig’s Command, p. 148. <<

^[93] Morton, «Junior but Sovereign Allies»; Brown, «Not Glamorous», pp. 429-431; Rawling, Surviving Trench Warfare, p. 189. <<

^[94] Andrews, Anzac Illusion, pp. 147-148. <<

^[95] Harris, Men, Ideas, and Tanks, p. 179. <<

^[96] Travers, «Tanks of 1918», p. 394. <<

^[97] Harris, Men, Ideas, and Tanks, pp. 182-183. <<

^[98] Childs, A Peripheral Weapon? <<

^[99] Cooper, Birth of Independent Air Power, cap. 10; Jones, Origins of Strategic Bombing, p. 178; Sweetman, «Smuts Report of 1917». <<

^[100] Sweetman, «Smuts Report of 1917», p. 198. <<

^[101] Cooper, Birth of Independent Air Power, pp. 135-136. <<

^[102] Falls, First World War, pp. 348-349. <<

^[103] Ibíd., p. 353; Coffman, War to End All Wars, p. 210. <<

^[104] Morrow, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, p. 272. <<

^[105] Morrow, Great War in the Air, pp. 311-312. <<

^[106] Cooper, Birth of Independent Air Power, p. 149. <<

^[107] Ferris, ed., British Army and Signals Intelligence, pp. 19-21; Andrew, Secret Service, pp. 172-173; Shaffy, British Military Intelligence, pp. 315-319. <<

^[108] Bidwell y Graham, Fire-Power, p. 143. <<

^[109] Prior y Wilson, Command on the Western Front, p. 393. <<

^[110] Spiers, Chemical Warfare, p. 13. <<

^[111] Haber, Poisonous Cloud, pp. 241-242. <<

^[112] Palazzo, Seeking Victory, pp. 167-176. <<

^[113] Prior y Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 293-295. <<

^[114] Travers, en Strachan, ed., Oxford Illustrated History, pp. 281-284. <<

^[115] Pedroncini, Pétain; Porch, «French Army», pp. 210-225. <<

^[116] Travers, How the War Was Won, pp. 176-178. <<

^[117] Véase Philpott, «Foch», para una revisión reciente. <<

^[118] Brown, British Logistics, cap. 5. <<

^[119] Ibíd., cap. 7. <<

^[120] Summerskill, China on the Western Front. <<

^[121] Herwig y Trask, «Failure of Imperial Germany’s Undersea Offensive», p. 634. <<

^[122] Halpern, Naval History, p. 404. <<

^[123] Marder, Dreadnought, vol. 5, pp. 138, 158. <<

^[124] Ibíd., p. 334. <<

^[125] Ibíd., p. 120; Grant, U-Boats Destroyed. <<

^[126] Halpern, Naval History, cap. 13. <<

^[127] Marder, Dreadnought, vol. 5, p. 119. <<

^[128] Terraine, Business in Great Waters, p. 120; cap. 15. <<

^[129] Beesly, Room 40, p. 118; Halpern, Naval History, p. 424. <<

^[130] Halpern, Naval History, pp. 421-423. <<

^[131] Terraine, Business in Great Waters, p. 131. <<

^[132] Marder, Dreadnought, vol. 5, p. 83. <<

^[133] Terraine, Business in Great Waters, pp. 120-123; Halpern, Naval History, pp. 430-435. <<

^[134] Herwig y Trask, «Failure of Imperial Germany’s Undersea Offensive», pp. 626-627. <<

^[135] Halpern, Naval History, pp. 435-437. <<

^[136] Salter, Allied Shipping Control; Safford, Wilsonian Maritime Diplomacy, p. 149. <<

^[137] Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, p. 350. <<

^[138] Gilbert, American Financing of World War I, p. 205. <<

^[139] Coffmann, War to End All Wars, pp. 162-165. <<

^[140] Morrow, Great War in the Air, pp. 294, 342. <<

^[141] Kaspi, Temps des Américains, pp. 244-245. <<

^[142] Morrow, Great War in the Air, p. 329. <<

^[143] Curami, «L’Industria bellica», p. 557; Rochat, «Il Comando Supreme di Diaz», p. 265. <<

^[144] Seton-Watson, Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, p. 497. <<

^[145] Safford, Wilsonian Maritime Diplomacy, p. 153. <<

^[146] Kaspi, Temps des Américains, pp. 266-267. <<

^[147] Burk, Britain, America, and the Sinews of War, pp. 186-187. <<

^[*] Véase el capítulo 14. <<

^[148] Ibíd., pp. 203, 206, 220. <<

^[149] Kaspi, Temps des Américains, p. 333. <<

^[150] Forsyth, Crisis of Liberal Italy, pp. 183, 186. <<

^[151] Burk, Britain, America, and the Sinews of War, pp. 137, 148-149. <<

^[152] Frey, «Bullying the Neutrals», p. 238. <<

^[153] Salmon, Scandinavia, pp. 143-145. <<

^[154] Frey, «Bullying the Neutrals», pp. 240-241. <<

^[155] Offer, First World War: an Agrarian Interpretation, p. 62. <<

^[156] Olson, Economics of the Wartime Shortage, pp. 109-111. <<

^[157] Dewey, «Food Production», p. 72. <<

^[158] Ibíd., pp. 82-88. <<

^[159] Bonzon y Davis, «Feeding the Cities», pp. 309, 314, 326, 330. <<

^[160] Kennedy, Over Here, p. 112. <<

^[161] Gilbert, American Financing of World War I, pp. 221-224. <<

^[162] Balderston, «War Finance», pp. 237 y ss. <<

^[163] Whiting, «Taxation and the Working Class», pp. 898-899. <<

^[164] Daunton, «How to Pay for the War», pp. 888 y ss. <<

^[165] Strachan, First World War: To Arms, p. 858. <<

^[166] Seton-Watson, Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, pp. 480-491. <<

^[167] Duroselle, Grande Guerre des français, cap. 15. <<

^[168] Becker, Great War and the French People, pp. 251 y ss. <<

^[169] Lloyd George, War Memoirs, vol. 1, cap. 55; Holland, «British Empire and the Great War». <<

^[170] Holland, «British Empire and the Great War»; Andrews, Anzac Illusion, cap. 5; Garson, «South Africa». <<

^[171] Gooch, «Maurice Debate»; Wilson, Myriad Faces, pp. 573-575. <<

^[172] Wilson, Myriad Faces, pp. 654-655. <<

^[173] Millman, Managing Domestic Dissent, caps. 7, 10. <<

^[174] Horne, ed., State, Society and Mobilization, p. 15. <<

^[175] Bruntz, Allied Propaganda, p. 13. <<

^[176] Horne, ed., State, Society, and Mobilization, p. 207. Sobre el NWAC, véase también Millman, Managing Domestic Dissent, cap. 9. <<

^[177] Kennedy, Over Here, p. 61. <<

^[178] Ibíd., pp. 81-83. <<

^[179] Scott, ed., Official Statements of War Aims, pp. 309-312. <<

^[180] Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, pp. 190-191. <<

^[181] Stevenson, French War Aims, pp. 106-107. <<

^[182] Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, pp. 190-191, 201-203; Mamatey, East Central Europe, pp. 239-245, 273-274, 314-315; Lederer, Yugoslavia, pp. 25-40. <<

^[183] Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, pp. 191-194, 204-211; Mamatey, East Central Europe, pp. 252-273, 300-311; Perman, Shaping of the Czechoslovak State, cap. 11. <<

^[184] Rochat, «Il Comando Supreme di Diaz», pp. 266-267. <<

^[185] Meigs, Optimism at Armageddon, pp. 60, 232. <<

^[186] Bruntz, Allied Propaganda, pp. 30-39. <<

^[187] Ibíd., pp. 16 y ss. <<

^[188] Taylor, «Foreign Office and British Propaganda», pp. 886-892. <<

^[189] Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, pp. 176-177. <<

^[190] Cornwall, Undermining of Austria-Hungary, pp. 176, 201-202. <<

^[191] Bruntz, Allied Propaganda, p. 26. <<

^[192] Ibíd., pp. 41-57. <<

^[193] Ferguson, Pity of War, pp. 212-213; Lasswell, Propaganda Technique, p. 3. <<

^[194] Cornwall, Undermining of Austria-Hungary, pp. 442-443. <<

^[195] Bruntz, Allied Propaganda, p. v. <<