Why Are Mirrors Magical?
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS, THE FOLKLORE of wizards
has mentioned mirrors. Being expensive to make in ancient times,
mirrors were rare and had the power to inspire surprise and awe.
According to some legends they were tools of the Devil, used for
capturing souls just as they captured images. In the Middle Ages
wizards stared into mirrors to see the future or answer great
questions. This is called “scrying.”
The most famous magical mirror in literature is
the one belonging to the evil queen in Snow
White. In a tale from The Arabian
Nights, a genie gave Prince Alasnam a mirror that would reveal
whether or not a lover could be trusted. In a poem from Elizabethan
England, The Faerie Queen, Merlin created a
mirror for King Ryence with similar powers:
The great Magician Merlin had devised,
By his deep science, and hell-dreaded might,
John Dee
(1527-1608),
a favorite
wizard of
Britain’s Queen
Elizabeth I,
often used a
mirror for
divination.
159
(1527-1608),
a favorite
wizard of
Britain’s Queen
Elizabeth I,
often used a
mirror for
divination.
159
Witchcraft
expert
Rosemary Ellen
Guiley found
a medieval
wizard’s
instructions for
making a magic
mirror: “Buy a
looking-glass
and inscribe
upon it
‘S. Solam
S. Tattler
S. Echogordner
Gematur.’
Bury it at a
crossroads
during an
uneven hour. On
the third day, go
to the spot at
the same hour
and dig it up—
but do not be
the first person
to gaze into it.
Let a dog or a
cat look first.”
expert
Rosemary Ellen
Guiley found
a medieval
wizard’s
instructions for
making a magic
mirror: “Buy a
looking-glass
and inscribe
upon it
‘S. Solam
S. Tattler
S. Echogordner
Gematur.’
Bury it at a
crossroads
during an
uneven hour. On
the third day, go
to the spot at
the same hour
and dig it up—
but do not be
the first person
to gaze into it.
Let a dog or a
cat look first.”
A looking-glass, right wondrously built.
This mirror showed in perfect sight,
Whatever thing was in the world,
That the looker hoped to find;
Whatever foe had done, or friend or fiend,
Was thus discovered therein.
This mirror is very much like the one described by another famous British poet who lived three hundred years before Spenser. Geoffrey Chaucer—one of the first poets to write in English—created a long series of stories called The Canterbury Tales, each of which is narrated by a different fictional character making a pilgrimage to a shrine at Canterbury. In one of the stories, “The Squire’s Tale,” a mirror is given to a king named Cambinskan from the King of Araby and Ind:
This mirror . . .
Has power such that men may in it see
Whether will come any adversity
Unto your realm, or yourself also;
And reveal who is your friend or foe.
And also this: if any lady bright
Has her heart set on any shining knight
If he is false, she shall his treason see.
And his other love, and all his secrecy.
MAGIC PORTALS
As well as tools for divination, mirrors are
often portals to other worlds, like the one imagined by Lewis
Carroll’s Alice in Through the
Looking-glass:
“Now, if you’ll only wait, Kitty, and not talk so much, I’ll tell you all my ideas about Looking-glass House. First, there’s the room you can see through the glass—that’s just the same as our drawing room, only the things go the other way . . . Let’s pretend there’s a way of getting through into it, somehow, Kitty. Let’s pretend the
glass has got all soft like gauze, so that we can get through. Why, it’s turning into a sort of mist now, I declare! It’ll be easy enough to get through—” She was up on the chimney-piece while she said this, though she hardly knew how she had got there. And certainly the glass was beginning to melt away, just like a bright mist.
There are many stories of people and monsters
imprisoned in mirrors.
Vulcan, the Roman god of
fire and metalwork, was said to have a magic mirror that showed him
scenes from the past, present, and future.
THE MIRROR OF ERISED
Most of all, mirrors are a reflection of the
self, for better or worse. That is why they can be so dangerous.
The Mirror of Erised in Harry Potter and the
Philosopher’s Stone is certainly this sort of mirror. J. K.
Rowling says that it stands “as high as the ceiling, with an ornate
gold frame.” At the top the following words are carved: “Erised
stra ehru oyt ube cafru oyt on wohsi.” Obviously, this message is
the mirror image of “I show not your face but your heart’s desire.”
And what could be better than that? Anything, apparently, as Ron
tells Harry: “Dumbledore was right, that mirror could drive you
mad.”
Although, as Rowling says, the Mirror of Erised
is “the key to finding the Stone,” it is also a test of one’s
character. Vanity and selfishness, central to the act of looking in
a mirror, are corrupt qualities. Because only someone with rare
virtue deserves his desire, only someone who looks in the mirror
and sees others (as when Harry sees his parents in it) or sees
himself committing a selfless act (such as keeping the Stone from
Voldemort) will receive what he wishes.