New York
I ride my bike almost every day here in New
York. It’s getting safer to do so, but I do have to be fairly alert
when riding on the streets as opposed to riding on the Hudson River
bike path or similar protected lanes. The city has added a lot of
bike lanes in recent years, and they claim they now have more than
any other city in the United States. But sadly most of them are not
safe enough that one can truly relax, as is possible on the almost
completed path along the Hudson or on many European bike lanes.
That’s changing, bit by bit. As new lanes are added some of them
are more secure, placed between the sidewalk and parked cars or
protected by a concrete barrier.
Between 2007 and 2008 bike traffic in New York
increased 35 percent. Hard to tell if the cart is leading the horse
here—whether more lanes have inspired more bicycle usage or the
other way around. I happily suspect that for the moment at least,
both the Department of Transportation and New York City cyclists
are on the same page. As more young creative types find themselves
living in Brooklyn they bike over the bridges in increasing
numbers. Manhattan Bridge bike traffic just about quadrupled last
year (2008) and the bike traffic on the Williamsburg Bridge
tripled. And those numbers will keep increasing as the city
continues to make improvements to bike lanes and adds bike racks
and other amenities. In this area the city is, to some extent,
anticipating what will happen in the near future—a lot more people
will use bikes for getting to work or for fun.
On a bike, being just slightly above pedestrian and
car eye level, one gets a perfect view of the goings-on in one’s
own town. Unlike many other U.S. cities, here in New York almost
everyone has to step onto the sidewalk and encounter other
people at least once a day—everyone makes at least one brief public
appearance. I once had to swerve to avoid Paris Hilton, holding her
little doggie, crossing the street against the light and looking
around as if to say, “I’m Paris Hilton, don’t you recognize me?”
From a cyclist’s point of view you pretty much see it all.
Just outside a midtown theater a man rides by on a
bike—one of those lowriders. He’s a grown man, who seems pretty
normal in appearance, except he’s got a monstrously huge boom box
strapped to the front of the bike.
I ride off on my own bike and a few minutes later
another boom-box biker passes by. This time it’s a
Jane-Austen-reading, sensible-shoe-wearing woman. She’s on a
regular bike, but again, with a (smaller) boom box strapped to the
rear . . . I can’t hear what the music is.
City Archetypes
There is a magazine in a rack at the entrance to
my local Pakistani lunch counter called InvAsian: A Journal for
the Culturally Ambivalent.
What is it about certain cities and places that
fosters specific attitudes? Am I imagining that this is the case?
To what extent does the infrastructure of cities shape the lives,
work, and sensibilities of their inhabitants? Quite significantly,
I suspect. All this talk about bike lanes, ugly buildings, and
density of population isn’t just about those things, it’s about
what kinds of people those places turn us into. I don’t think I’m
imagining that people who move to L.A. from elsewhere inevitably
lose a lot of that elsewhere and eventually end up creating
L.A.-type work and being L.A.-type people. Do creative, social, and
civic attitudes change depending on where we live? Yes, I think so.
How does this happen? Do they seep in surreptitiously through peer
pressure and casual conversations? Is it the water, the light, the
weather? Is there a Detroit sensibility? Memphis? New Orleans? (No
doubt.) Austin? (Certainly.) Nashville? London? Berlin? (I would
say there’s a Berlin sense of humor for sure.) Düsseldorf? Vienna?
(Yes.) Paris? Osaka? Melbourne? Salvador? Bahia?
(Absolutely.)
I was recently in Hong Kong and a friend there
commented that China doesn’t have a history of civic engagement.
Traditionally in China one had to accommodate two aspects of
humanity—the emperor and his bureaucracy, and one’s own family. And
even though that family might be fairly extended it doesn’t include
neighbors or coworkers, so a lot of the world is left out. To hell
with them. As long as the emperor or his ministers aren’t after me
and my family is okay then all’s right with the world. I had been
marveling at the rate of destruction of anything having to do with
social pleasures and civic interaction in Hong Kong—funky markets,
parks, waterfront promenades, bike lanes (of course)—I was amazed
how anything designed for the common good is quickly bulldozed,
privatized, or replaced by a condo or office tower. According to my
friend civic life is just not part of the culture. So in this case
at least, the city is an accurate and physical reflection of how
that culture views itself. The city is a 3-D manifestation of the
social, and personal—and I’m suggesting that, in turn, a city, its
physical being, reinforces those ethics and re-creates them in
successive generations and in those who have immigrated to the
city. Cities self-perpetuate the mind-set that made them.
Maybe every city has a unique sensibility but we
don’t have names for what they are or haven’t identified them all.
We can’t pinpoint exactly what makes each city’s people unique yet.
How long does one have to be a resident before one starts to behave
and think like a local? And where does this psychological city
start? Is there a spot on the map where attitudes change? And is
the inverse true? Is there a place where New Yorkers suddenly
become Long Islanders? Will there be freeway signs with a picture
of Billy Joel that alert motorists “attention, entering New York
state of mind”?
Does living in New York City foster a
hard-as-nails, no-nonsense attitude? Is that how one would describe
the New York state of mind? I’ve heard recently that Cariocas
(residents of Rio) have a similar “okay, okay, get to the point”
sensibility. Is that a legacy of the layers of historical
happenstance that make up a particular city? Is that where it comes
from? Is it a constantly morphing and slowly evolving worldview? Do
the repercussions of local politics and the local laws foster how
we view each other? Does it come from the socioeconomic-ethnic mix;
are the proportions in the urban stew critical, like in a recipe?
Does the evanescence of fame and glamour lie upon all of L.A. like
whipped cream? Do the Latin and Asian populations that are fenced
off from the celebrity playgrounds get mixed into this stew,
resulting in a unique kind of social-psychological fusion? Does
that, and the way the hazy light looks on skin, make certain kinds
of work and leisure activities more appropriate there?
Maybe this is all a bit of a myth, a willful desire
to give each place its own unique aura. But doesn’t any collective
belief eventually become a kind of truth? If enough people act as
if something is true, isn’t it indeed “true,” not objectively, but
in the sense that it will determine how they will behave? The myth
of unique urban character and unique sensibilities in different
cities exists because we want it to exist.
City of Little Factories—the Old Crazy New York I
I ride in the Five Boro Bike Tour this morning.
Forty-two miles! That sounds like a lot to some people but it only
takes a little over three hours. And there are breaks. I thought
I’d be more tired than I am, as I usually just ride locally to run
errands or to get to work or go out at night. Corny as it might
seem, it feels like I am participating in an uplifting civic event.
People in Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island put signs in their
yards and cheer the crowds of bikers as we whiz by, like they do
for the runners in the marathon—only in this tour no one is racing.
No one is keeping track of who comes in first.
The organizers have closed part of the FDR Drive,
the BQE, the Belt Parkway, and the Verrazano Bridge—so we
participants get the thrill of riding in the middle of a highway,
and of not having to stop at red lights. Gone are the worries about
the ubiquitous jaywalking New York City pedestrians hell-bent on
suicide missions.
There are a couple of mandatory stops—for water,
free bananas, and peanut-butter crackers—in Queens and near the
Brooklyn side of the Verrazano Bridge, so racing and winding your
way to the front of the pack get you nothing—except maybe the best
bananas.
There is lots of spandex, way too much spandex.
There is a characteristic sound of spandex skidding on asphalt that
I’ve heard a couple of times already. I guess, for some, the fun of
these events, or the fun in weekend cycling, is in dressing up. A
change of outfit announces, “I’m doing this now! I’m a biker
today.”
9:30 AM: The view toward Randall’s Island from
under a railroad bridge.
12:00 noon: I’m riding over the Verrazano
Bridge, which means I’m almost done. From here it’s a short ride to
the Staten Island Ferry and back to Manhattan.
Of course, some guys (and gals) who join this event
are a little behind on their bike manners, or maybe they are trying
to prove how manly they are—both to themselves and to everyone
else. There is some high-speed zooming and jockeying for those
meaningless leads. I had been warned that the most dangerous aspect
of this thing would be the other cyclists—especially those who are
determined to get closer to the front of the mob—wherever that is.
I can’t even see the front anymore. The compact clump at the
starting area in Lower Manhattan quickly elongates by the time it
leaves the island. (This is accomplished intentionally by creating
a couple of bottlenecks on Sixth Avenue in midtown that causes the
ridership to become less dense.) It’s not just the hotdoggers that
you have to watch out for. The fact that there are so many cyclists
here who are not used to riding and certainly not used to riding en
masse, scrunched together, inevitably leads to some absentminded
behavior that can cause some nasty pileups.
Mostly though, there is a rare and great feeling of
civic togetherness—something we New Yorkers regard as suspect, but
that’s what it is. We have to give in to it—the feeling generated
when a mass of people do something together, energetically, en
masse. Like what happens in a mosh pit or on a roller coaster—a
deep biological thrill gets triggered. Unlike some crowds this is a
friendly mob, happy to abide by the barriers and traffic cones (for
the most part), running on banana and peanut butter crackers
power.
The longest part of the route goes through the
waterfront neighborhoods of Brooklyn and Queens, which gives one
the pleasantly skewed impression that the old, nutty industrial
city that New York once was still exists. These neighborhoods are
made up of an endless series of little factories that make plastic
wrap, cardboard boxes, ex-lax, coat hangers, hairbrushes, and the
wooden water tanks on top of every Manhattan residential building.
Sure, some neighborhoods like Williamsburg, which we riders touched
the edge of, have filled up with art galleries, cafés, and
wonderful bookshops, while other neighborhoods are all Hasidic or
Italian, but mostly the waterfront area is still composed of funky
factories. These old structures are a million miles from the
industrial parks, high-tech campuses, and corporate headquarters
that one sees out west (west being across the Hudson). They are
small in scale, and often they are family run. These are the places
that make those glue-on reinforcement rings for notebook pages and
apple corers that you look at and think, Who thought of that? Who
designed that? Someone actually thought that up?
A few days later I bike to East New York (a
neighborhood in Brooklyn) to see one of my art chair pieces being
powder coated. It is a technique used for painting industrial stuff
like metal shelving and cabinets and aluminum siding, and it gives
a very smooth finish—the idea being that this chair should look
like it was mass-produced in a factory. The object goes into a
chamber and then the air inside the chamber is filled with powdered
paint that adheres evenly to the object, with no unsightly
brushstrokes or drips.
Getting to this neighborhood I ride through the
various Brooklyn ghettos—Dominican, West Indian, Hasidic, and
black. By ghetto I don’t mean a poverty-stricken, desolate, or
decaying area. I don’t necessarily mean that the area is black
either. Some areas that might be considered ghettos are lively and
flourishing. East New York, however, is pretty dicey. A friend was
mugged here recently and forced to go into a bodega and buy a man
some infant formula! At its worst the neighborhood looks like some
of the very bleak places I’ve seen in the former Soviet
bloc—derelict housing surrounded by crumbling industrial
superstructures. (The elevated subway line looks like it hasn’t
been painted in decades out here.) These signs of decay and ruin
are interspersed with lots of churches, and huge temples relocated
into former theaters. The official neglect is obvious and plain. We
laugh at Borat, but we have our own Kazakhstan right here.
Having viewed enough stimulating squalor I decide
to take the more conventionally scenic route home. I head toward
the water, which is nearby, and ride along the bike path that
follows the Belt Parkway along the Brooklyn waterfront. On my left
are the swamps and marshes of Jamaica Bay. It’s not quite
Nantucket, but it’s pretty damn nice—and it’s surprising that it’s
inside the New York City limits. Today is a Saturday, and there are
lots of people barbecuing. They have set up in the grassy areas at
the side of the highway and even on the median strips. It would be
almost lovely if the ugly highway weren’t so close.
I stop for scungilli (conch cooked in red sauce) at
a place in Sheepshead Bay. There are picnic tables on the sidewalk
and a window where one can order clams, oysters, and various kinds
of seafood. This neighborhood is named after the tasty Sheepshead
fish, so they say. It was once abundant, but now it’s gone from
here. It was also known as sea bream.
I’m reminded that the other day I wanted to bike to
Long Island City to catch an art show at PS1, but it was the day of
the New York City Marathon and the Queensboro Bridge bike lane was
closed (for handicapped runners they said, though it was completely
empty). So I took the bike on the Roosevelt Island tram instead and
rode down by the abandoned lunatic asylum on the south end of that
island that sits in the middle of the East River. There was no one
around. Spooky. From the tip of the island there’s a great view of
the UN building and of a tiny rock island filled with cormorants—an
odd thing to see in the middle of New York City.
Once I managed to get to Long Island City I stopped
for a snack at a nice Hunters Point café and watched outside as the
marathon cleanup crews picked up the piles of paper cups and
tissues that had been handed out to the runners. The streets ran
bright yellow with Gatorade—it looked like the marathon ers had all
peed themselves after taking lots of vitamins. A few stragglers
limped and walked by. I wondered to myself if I would be privileged
to see the very last person in the race—a sight rarer and much
harder to establish than whoever turns out to be first. I thought I
saw him. It was a man in a multicolored head wrap who had a few
days’ growth of beard, his marathon number was askew, and I thought
he might have been smoking a cigarette as he made his way up the
street, listing slightly toward the curb.
How We Doin’?
New York has a surprising number of lovely bike
paths, as distinct from bike lanes. This stretch is in Upper
Manhattan.
This route goes almost all the way to the top of
the island, where there is a nice park on the very tip of Manhattan
in the Inwood neighborhood. There’s also a great route along the
Staten Island boardwalk that lines that borough’s Atlantic beaches.
It runs for miles, from the Verrazano Bridge and Gateway Park
south. There are no cars, and there are a couple of places to eat.
The beaches are surprisingly clean and some are even secluded. (The
secluded ones are not so clean; I guess one can’t have it
all.)
In Brooklyn, besides the previously mentioned path
along the wetlands near East New York (which can also be ridden out
to the Rockaways), there is a path along the water from Bay Ridge
that leads one under the Verrazano Bridge out to Coney Island. It
does, unfortunately, have a highway on one side, but the view of
the harbor on the other side makes up for it. And one is rewarded
with a Latin band playing on the Coney Island boardwalk on summer
weekends.
The Old Crazy New York II
My friend Paul is playing bass and singing at a
Village bar/ pizza joint, so I stop by to say hello. Arturo’s is a
weird combination of two throwbacks in one: It’s a jazz bar, where
regulars sing standards and musicians often stop by after a
recording session or a paying gig and sit in. It’s also a
neighborhood pizza restaurant (the pizzas are quite good) that is
friendly, noisy, and slightly chaotic.
The owner, whom I’ve never met, fills the walls
with his paintings. There are some odd-looking portraits and some
typical Greenwich Village scenes of charming tree-lined streets.
The owner’s daughter Lisa is often there and says hello. I ask her
what’s up with the funky airplane models hanging from the ceiling
and she says her dad decided no more paintings; he’s going to do
airplane models now.
Arturo’s is a neighborhood joint. There are a lot
of regulars. It’s not the sort of place that would ever attract the
attention of serious foodies or get mentioned in the new trendy
guides to New York City. The piano sits smack in the middle of the
front room at the end of the bar, which forces the upright bass
player to squeeze into a corner. A drummer sometimes joins them on
a rudimentary kit made up of a snare, a high hat, and one cymbal.
He has to squeeze over on the other side of the piano and he almost
blocks the entrance to the kitchen. Singers grab a hand mic that
rests on top of the piano and often have to dodge waiters and
customers who want to use the restroom in back, which has a bathtub
in it. A big one. I wonder how many people have fallen into it, or
if the staff sometimes decides to have a hot bath.
A pear-shaped woman begins to sing, to enthusiastic
applause. Someone mentions to me that she is the mother of Savion
Glover, the famous tap dancer. I can see the resemblance, in her
face at least. Her hair is a mixture of black and gray and is wound
in a tight vortex, like Kim Novak’s in the movie Vertigo.
She sings a standard, and she’s great, astounding even.
She sings another song and then sits down at a
nearby booth with some friends. The pianist shows Paul some chord
charts then sits in the booth behind the singer, near the kitchen
door. He begins furiously focusing on some music scores he has with
him, spreading them out across the tabletop. He’s suddenly
oblivious to the scene.
A man named Jimmy takes the mic. He had introduced
himself to me earlier. “I do Thursday nights,” was how he put it.
Jimmy’s hair is hard to describe. It’s like a combination of a
mullet and a Mohawk, but super slicked-back. He’s got on a black
jacket and a tie with big yellow trumpets on it. He sings a
standard (they all do, except Paul, who tends toward Stevie Wonder
tunes), putting his heart and soul into it.
The audience at Arturo’s, which is not a very big
place, is usually a mixed bunch: some are paying attention to the
singer, some are shoving food into their mouths, and some are
talking to their friends. Sometimes all three at once. It’s not an
ideal audience for an entertainer by any means, but it doesn’t seem
to deter anyone here. Jimmy sings as if there is a whole theater
out there, rather than people slurping down a slice. He’s singing
to the back row, projecting; it’s incredible.
Jimmy disappears for a second. He has an Asian
pianist who has his eyes closed, so maybe he doesn’t notice Jimmy’s
absence. Jimmy reappears in a cream-colored jacket carrying a
matching cream-colored umbrella. He immediately launches into
“Pennies from Heaven,” and one gathers these are the props he keeps
on hand somewhere in the back of the restaurant specifically for
this number. “Ev’ry time it rains, it rains . . . pennies from
heaven” and up goes the umbrella, in the middle of this crowded
room! Pizza is being served up, and folks are ordering wine using
hand gestures, as the waiters can’t hear above Jimmy’s singing. No
one here seems fazed or the least bit surprised by the corny
umbrella gag. Jimmy’s jazzing up the song now, scatting and
improvising—the tune is almost unrecognizable at times. He
sometimes acts out the lyrics as he sings them, holding his hands
in a praying gesture or grabbing Mrs. Glover to dance a step or
two. They make an improbable couple. Now he’s got a little black
hat on too. At one point his singing is so impassioned that he
abandons the mic on the piano near the tip jar and begins hopping,
really hopping, around the room singing at the top of his
lungs.
A Blackout
Yesterday, at four thirty, while I was recording a
vocal on my computer here at home, I sensed something had shut off
unexpectedly. My musical and recording gear is all plugged into a
kind of large battery that is designed to keep everything running
on a concert stage for about twenty minutes if there is a power
fluctuation or outage, so, despite the fact that all of New York
City has just gone down, I am still working for a few minutes more,
oblivious to what has happened. I shut my stuff down properly,
leave my recording area, and check to see what made the odd sound.
I soon realize the power is off, and looking outside the window I
can see that it seems to be off everywhere—it’s a blackout all
right. I fill up some containers with water, as the building’s pump
won’t be filling the water tower on this or any other of these
buildings until this is over.
All the clocks—the ones with dials that is—on the
nearby buildings now say four thirty. The digital ones are dark. By
late afternoon there are traffic jams everywhere, and since I live
near a tunnel entrance the traffic around here is stuck for hours.
A few cabs roam around picking up people, but most eventually head
home. It’s unexpectedly noisy. There are alarms going off
everywhere. They started hooting right after the power went
out.
I ride my bike downtown to see if my office is
okay. A Mexican kid on a bike asks me how to get to the Brooklyn
Bridge—I guess he is going home and usually takes the train. I talk
to him in Spanish and he says he is surprised, judging by my face,
that I know some Spanish.
My office had cleared out in a flash, they were
pretty weirded out—memories of 9/11, I guess.
After the sun goes down I ride my bike through
Times Square, which is dark except for police vehicles. The great
signs and the intense glow that can usually be seen for blocks have
been shut down. The signs are just abstract shapes now. It’s even
hard to make out what some of them are selling. The area is
strangely crowded with people. The tourists are all still here, but
don’t know what to do. Black shapes, moving in clumps. Thousands
and thousands of people. Many are just hanging out. Maybe they
can’t get home. An Irish bar on West Forty-fifth Street is open,
and the crowd of drinkers spills out, filling the entire
street.
Hundreds of people are waiting at every bus
stop—all hoping to get home to Queens, the Bronx, Brooklyn, or
uptown. They too spill out into the streets, in clusters that
surround the bus stop signs, or they just sit on the curbs, as bus
service, though continuing, is slow and intermittent, due to there
being no traffic lights. All traffic is moving slowly, tentatively
creeping along in the almost total darkness, like you do when you
walk around the house with all the lights off. When a bus comes it
is a large, looming shape with two blinding lights in front. They
emerge slowly from the darkness, like bioluminescent deep-sea
creatures.
People are all walking out in the streets, and
they’re hard to see in some parts of town. There is a fat man at
the intersection of Sixth Avenue and Twelfth Street directing
traffic. He is using a sign—a piece of white cardboard on which he
has scrawled “Stop.” At another intersection farther uptown a kid
in baggy pants is also directing traffic, wildly, energetically;
he’s having a great time. There’s no looting. It’s calm. People are
helping one another out, and there are spontaneous parties.
The stairway in my building is getting dark (the
elevator doesn’t work, of course), and, one by one, the emergency
lights in the stair shaft are failing. Flashlight beams now move
erratically in the darkness as tenants look for their floors. Most
of the tenants are now on the roof, drinking. I join them, briefly.
We can see a financial brokerage building a block away. It’s lit up
inside—bright as day—though there’s no one in it. We can see desks
covered with paperwork, abandoned. I guess they have their own
generator. Not much else for me to do now but go to sleep.
In the morning I wake up and sense that it’s
starting to get a little stuffy in here. Last night it was still
cooler inside than outside—a remnant of yesterday’s
air-conditioning—but that temperature difference won’t last long.
It’s August, so having no AC it will take its toll. I heat up some
leftovers for breakfast before they all spoil. The water pressure
is down to a dribble. I have a jar of water in the fridge, but that
won’t last long. Many shops and delis were open last night, selling
their remaining stocks of sodas, snacks, and water out of dimly lit
doorways. Sometimes they lit candles and scattered them on shelves.
The candles made the delis all look like little shrines. There were
long lines at hardware stores—for flashlights and D batteries.
(I’ve got both.) Can’t get phone calls. (Though by using an old
landline phone I have lying around I manage to call out.) Cell
phone service isn’t working. Gas is working. I’m making coffee this
morning.
The traffic is noisy outside. What are they all
doing out there? Where are they going? I notice that there are some
scallops defrosting rapidly in the freezer, so I cook them for
lunch.
I go downtown again to my office and the power
comes back on at around three PM.
Kara, my Australian assistant, is moving back there
with her boyfriend soon, and they’d scheduled a good-bye party for
tonight in Greenpoint where they live. I assume that the party is
still on, so as it gets dark I bike over the Williamsburg Bridge.
The bridges are full of cyclists, as the subway and bus service is
still intermittent, and from this vantage point I can see that not
all the neighborhoods got their power back when the Village and
SoHo did. Parts of the East Village are still dark, as is most of
the Lower East Side. Uptown is all sparkling with lights. Parts of
Brooklyn have power, and halfway across the bridge, where the lamps
are being fed by Brooklyn, suddenly there is light. So, electrical
power is political. I shouldn’t be surprised.
E. B. White, Death, and Hope
I read E. B. White’s skinny little book Here Is
New York, which was written in 1948 as an assignment for
Holiday magazine. I’m not sure many travel and leisure mags
would accept a piece like this these days—it concludes with some
very prescient meditations on death and war.
When he wrote this essay, a few years after World
War II, the UN building had either just been completed or was still
being built. He points out that after that war all cities, New York
being a prime example, were standing opportunities for massive
carnage and destruction on a scale not hitherto imagined: “A single
flight of planes no bigger than a wedge of geese can quickly end
this island fantasy, burn the towers, crumble the bridges, turn the
underground passages into lethal passages, cremate the
millions.”
Whether because they were walled, like medieval
ones, or because of the sheer numbers they harbored, cities once
were secure refuges for their citizens. They were places where
people not only met and haggled, but were also, to a degree,
protected. Now, with the atomic bomb especially, as White points
out, that protective aspect of what a city is has been turned
upside down.
But, he notes, just as this shadow begins to loom
over great mixtures of humanity like New York, an institution, the
UN, is rising to attempt to put an end to this threat. Death and
hope simultaneously, as always.
That the United States has clearly and brazenly
taken an anti-UN stance in recent years—failed to pay their UN dues
and often initiated acts in defiance of UN resolutions and
principles—is a bad sign. The United States is not the only country
to have done so, but it’s the biggest kid on the block and it sends
a signal to all the other kids that such behavior is acceptable, a
sign that death and fear is sometimes more powerful than hope,
temporarily. The UN is far from perfect. Self-interested parties
and nations skew its abilities to perform its mission—its members
are human, after all. But the fact that that little ray of hope
still exists, right here in mean, jaded New York, and that it
cannot be corrupted by corporate lobbyists, religious demagogues,
and crooked election rigging—well, there’s something to be said for
that.
The new World Trade Center is being built atop a
thirty-story concrete windowless bunker. A monument to fear—a
symbolic return to a medieval mind-set and walled cities. Even
though we are united and connected in so many new ways, some are
still building massive walls and fortifications that won’t really
protect us from anyone determined and clever enough. Walls and
concrete barricades aren’t really an effective means of protection
these days—nothing is, really. All that interconnectedness that
facilitated much of the explosion of megawealth over the last
decade also facilitated the interpenetration of everything, so no
one or no building is truly isolated and “safe” anymore. Safety is
in getting along.
I bike up to check out a show at the Studio Museum
of Harlem. I follow the improved bike path north along the Hudson.
It gets less crowded above 100th Street. I turn right on 125th and
head east past churches and fried chicken joints, and I run smack
into the African American Day parade on Adam Clayton Powell
Boulevard. T-shirts are being sold that say I “heart” My Nose (or
My Lips or My Hair). Shocking that this affirmation is still
needed—that the models of beauty presented to us don’t include a
lot of us—and it takes T-shirt slogans to attempt to correct
things.
On my way back home I see a nun on Rollerblades
going up the Hudson River Park bike path, rosary flying behind
her.
How New Yorkers Ride Bikes
There are more New Yorkers riding bikes than ever.
And not just messengers. Significantly, a lot of young hip folks
don’t seem to regard cycling as totally uncool anymore, which was
definitely the case when I began to ride around in the late
seventies and early eighties. I sense that we might be approaching
a tipping point, to invoke that now clichéd term. New Yorkers are
at the stage where they might, given the chance and the
opportunity, consider a bicycle as a valid means of
transportation—if not for themselves, then at least they will
tolerate it as a reasonable means of transport for other New
Yorkers. They might eventually try it themselves, and certainly
they will accommodate it. They might even support and encourage
it.
So, with some tenuous optimism, I decide it might
be time to try to give the biking-as-means-of-transport idea a
little nudge by organizing some kind of public forum on the
subject. I end up spending about a year trying to get a
bike-related event off the ground, and am just about to give up
when, through a connection with another project, the New
Yorker magazine offers to sponsor the event at Town Hall. It is
the perfect venue for something like this, having been historically
a place where the issues of the day were aired and debated. Race
(with Langston Hughes in 1945), birth control (with Margaret Sanger
in 1921), and the establishment of the Jewish state of Israel (also
in 1945) all were discussed on its stage.
I imagine the event as an evening centered around a
meeting, a forum, made up of ordinary people, biking advocates, and
city reps from the departments of transportation, parks, health,
and urban planning, as well as the police department. Interspersed
with this forum would be bike-related entertainment—music, funny
bits, and ironic slide lectures. Part of my personal reason for
attempting this event is to ask the theatrical question of whether
civic engagement, improvement, discussion, and action can be
successfully combined with art and entertainment—if culture, humor,
and politics can mix, and if making our city a better place to live
can be fun. That idea is, for me, almost as important as this bike
advocacy business. If the advocacy is going to be boring, then
forget about it.
Time passes; there are meetings with city agencies
and with Yves Behar and fuseproject, his design company. In one
part of the event Yves and his partner Josh will present a new kind
of cool bike helmet, something nonsporty types might wear. Yves and
company are intrigued by that idea, as is the Department of Health,
of all agencies. Why the Department of Health and bike helmets?
Well, getting your brains spread out on the street is pretty
unhealthy. The Department of Health did a condom giveaway in New
York City that fuseproject designed, and they’ve installed
dispensers for free condoms in clubs, restaurants, and bars around
town (placed near the bathrooms, I imagine). So there’s a
preestablished relationship there. Should (corporate) funding
materialize they’d love to do a massive helmet or even a bike
giveaway—but that’s in the future.
The fuseproject helmet prototype consists of a
protective hard shell that can be slipped in and out of various
skins—a warm woolen skin with earflaps for cold winters, a porous
mesh skin for hot summer days. A very digital-technology kind of
idea, variable skins. The idea is that third-party
developers—fashion brands, sports gear brands, or anyone who wants
yet another advertising platform—might eventually make their own
skins and sell or fund them. This design also allows the commuter
to lock the shell to the bike and stow the skin—the only part that
touches one’s own skin—discreetly in one’s briefcase or
handbag.
As good as this is I personally sense that helmets
might be an interim step toward integrated urban biking. Although
they might always be a good idea, the wearing of helmets implies
that cycling is dangerous, which at present it often is in cities
like New York and London. But in other cities like Amsterdam,
Copenhagen, Berlin, and Reggio Emilia in Italy, the bike paths and
lanes are so safe the riders don’t feel the need to protect
themselves. Cyclists in these places—kids, young creative types,
businesspeople, seniors—also tend to ride upright with an elegant
bearing; they’re well dressed, and even sexy. It’s a different
attitude than the New York City head-down-into-battle
approach.
Maybe, for some, part of the thrill would go away
if urban cycling became safe. But that might be the price to pay if
it means more people will start using bikes to get around. That
thrill isn’t really an appropriate thing to oblige schoolkids and
seniors to be burdened with. Living in New York used to be a lot
more dangerous in general, but that’s hardly something to get all
nostalgic about. So, while we might need a cool, stylish helmet to
be available right now, for everyone in a more perfect world it
might be optional.
Through Transportation Alternatives, a local
advocacy organization, I am introduced to Jan Gehl, a visionary yet
practical urban planner who has successfully transformed Copenhagen
into a pedestrian- and bike-friendly city. At least one-third of
Copenhagen’s workforce gets to work on bikes now! He says it will
approach half soon. He’s not dreaming either. We here in New York
might think that’s natural and all well and good for the Danes, but
New Yorkers are feisty and independent minded, so that can’t happen
here. (Why people feel that driving a car makes one independent
minded is a mystery to me.) But Gehl reveals that his proposals
initially met with exactly that kind of opposition over there: the
locals said, “We Danes will never agree to this—Danish people won’t
ride bikes.”
In one of his slide talks he shows before-and-after
images of a street. Here is the after:
Previously, the area bordering this canal had been
used for parking; cars would drive along it looking for parking
slots. This lovely spot was, not too long ago, primarily an ugly
parking lot and a thoroughfare. Now it’s a destination. Cars are
still allowed to drive here, but not park. And from that one small
change the area exploded as a pleasant gathering place and even as
a tourist destination. Expensive “improvements” by the city weren’t
even necessary to allow this to happen. The customers and local
businesses did the improvements—putting out chairs and installing
awnings—though many of them initially complained that if people
couldn’t park in front of their establishments their businesses
would suffer. That seems to be how Gehl works, making fairly small
incremental changes over many years, here and there, that
eventually transform the whole city and make it a more livable
place.
Gehl has agreed to join the Town Hall event and
give a short talk! He has recently been hired as an adviser by the
city of New York and has made studies of situations in other
cities—Amsterdam, Melbourne, Sydney, and London—in addition to the
one he did in his native Copenhagen. The Department of
Transportation here in New York has now asked his office for
further recommendations. Whether they and the city listen is
another matter, but it’s a heartening move.
For the Town Hall event I now can move on and begin
to focus on securing the more obviously entertaining parts of the
proposed event. I contact the Young@Heart Chorus. They’re a choir
based in Northampton, Massachusetts, and their youngest member is
in his midseventies. They sing songs by Sonic Youth, the Ramones,
Flaming Lips, and Talking Heads. (That’s how we made contact.)
Needless to say, “Road to Nowhere” takes on added meaning when sung
by this bunch. I ask them if they would sing the Queen song
“Bicycle Race” at this event—and a few more songs, as I expect
they’ll be well received. They’ve never performed in New York City
before, which is a surprise, as they’re almost a staple on the
European arts festival circuit. They agree to participate, but will
require nap time and sufficient toilets for thirty people.
I recall that I have seen various Puerto Rican and
Dominican groups around town who trick out antique Schwinn bikes,
often adding giant boom boxes as well. The boom boxes mean that
when the group becomes mobile they bring their own salsa or
merengue sound track. I approach one group, Eddie Gonzalez and the
Classic Riders, and get their card—they have a business card! I
invite them to show their bikes onstage and explain briefly what
they do. (Their stage entrance ends up being them playing their
amazing array of customized horns to a Hector Lavoe tune.)
I’d seen a British Web site, the Warrington Cycle
Campaign, that has a section called “Facility of the Month” with
wonderful deadpan captions for photos of local bike lanes that lead
into oncoming traffic or dead-end into phone booths. A
representative of that group agrees to give a short tongue-in-cheek
slide show.
The caption on their Web site reads: “After
watching an episode of Star Trek, the forward-looking
traffic planners of Oxford were thinking about how transport
infrastructure would work in the middle of the next century. Boldly
predicting that by then bicycles would be equipped with
teleportation devices they realized that they could save a lot of
paint by designing intermittent cycle paths, with cyclists able to
beam themselves from one stretch to the next.”
Hal, who repairs bikes at Bicycle Habitat on
Lafayette Street, also has a more unusual job there: as new locks
come into the store his job is to determine how long it takes to
crack each one. Some locks he can break in a second, with a snip of
some wire cutters he carries in his back pocket. Others require
more elaborate tools. Hal agrees to break some locks onstage.
Rhonda Sherman from the New Yorker suggests
adding some culture. In New Yorker speak this means some
bike-related writing. Calvin Trillin will read a piece he’s written
about riding in New York, and Buck Henry will read an excerpt from
a Beckett piece about a bicycle. Rhonda arranges for Mengfan Wu to
edit together a touching four-minute film montage of bikes in
movies—from Butch Cassidy to Kermit the Frog to a scene from the TV
series Flight of the Conchords. Theater director Greg Mosher
is contacted and coordinates the evening, and he helps everything
move at a good pace and takes an incredible weight off my
shoulders.
Transportation Alternatives has come up with the
idea to provide valet parking for bikes at the event (!), as there
is almost nowhere to lock up around Town Hall and lots of cyclists
will be expected to attend.
We’re almost ready. I’ve never done anything like
this before—being an impresario rather than performing myself. I’m
a little anxious. In the end, I have to modify some of my ideas for
the event. It becomes obvious that a panel discussion involving
numerous entities and city agencies could be a recipe for tedium
and speechifying, so I give up on the idea that some consensus or
compromise will be reached among all those folks in the course of
one evening. It is decided that the agencies and the organizations
will only present what they are actually going to do in the near
future—not vague ideas but concrete plans. Naturally, this makes
for shorter presentations.
On the night of the event I arrive with a bike cam
attached to my helmet—well, the footage and my voice-over were
actually shot the previous day but it looks like it is live. The
camera shows my POV as I negotiate the Forty-second Street traffic
and make my way to the theater, all the while providing a running
commentary of tips for riding in New York traffic (“watch out for
town cars and people with New Jersey plates”). Because a wide-angle
lens is used it makes everything look slightly scarier than it
is—cars and people loom suddenly into the frame—which makes it
funnier, but probably doesn’t do much to encourage ridership.
I have come to accept that things aren’t going to
change overnight, but that this event might be more about bringing
a lot of disparate folks together at an opportune moment. It might
serve as a kind of tacit encouragement, a visible acknowledgment
that change is possible, maybe even likely, and that bike riding as
a means of transport in New York City might be okay—if not now,
then certainly in the very near future.
In the end, the event, which took place in October
2007, was successful, though I think it ran a little too long. We
erred on the side of caution and maybe had more “acts” than we
needed, as we were worried that we might not have enough content.
We had plenty. It moved along fine but once in a while even I
wanted to hit the fast forward button.
Rules of the Road
I might be unrealistic, but I think that if bikers
want to be treated better by motorists and pedestrians then they
have to obey the traffic laws just as much as they expect cars to,
which isn’t saying much in New York. Bikes should have to stop at
red lights and stop signs. Certainly if cars are expected to, then
cyclists should too. Bikes should ride with the flow of
traffic, not against it. And if there is a bike lane, the cyclists
should stay in it and not ride in the middle of the street or on
the sidewalk. How does one modify New York cyclists’ behavior? How
does one modify any public behavior? Does modification require
enforcement? The laws for such moving violations are already on the
books, and I wonder, if they were enforced, would that work?
Ideally, though, it would be great if there were a way to make this
happen without requiring more cops or harsher penalties. Positive
reinforcement works best, or so I have been told.
Likewise—now don’t laugh—cars and trucks should
view the bike lanes as if they are sacrosanct. A driver would never
think of riding up on a sidewalk. Most drivers, anyway. Hell, there
are strollers and little old ladies up there! It would be
unthinkable, except in action movies. A driver would get a serious
fine or maybe even get locked up. Everyone around would wonder who
that asshole was. Well, bike lanes should be treated the same way.
You wouldn’t park your car or pull over for a stop on the sidewalk,
would you? Well then, don’t park in the bike lanes either—that
forces cyclists into traffic where poor little meat puppets don’t
stand a chance.
Same with pedestrians—who in New York famously
saunter out into traffic wherever they see a little gap. They’ve
got enough brains not to walk in front of a truck, but they’ll step
right into the path of a cyclist, thereby initiating a game of
urban chicken. The cyclists then have to slam on their brakes to
avoid Mr. BlackBerry or Ms. Check-Me-Out.
As I write this in 2009, Janette Sadik-Khan, the
new transportation commissioner, and others have made some changes
and are initiating a host of improvements that are nudging New York
in a new direction—toward being a more livable and sustainable
city. In the summer of 2008 the city instituted Summer Streets, a
series of car-free days in the summer during which Park Avenue and
other streets that connect Central Park to the Williamsburg Bridge
were all closed to automobile traffic. A significant new bike lane
seems to be added almost monthly—one amazing stretch on Broadway
with outdoor seating goes from Forty-second Street to
Thirty-fourth. Prince Street now has a bike lane its entire length,
but Grand Street has one that has met with some local
resistance.
I ask Janette where she sees New York as far as
transportation in ten years.
If the city continues on the path that it is on
now, with attention to sustainability and transportation balance,
in ten years we will have a good network of rapid bus routes that
reaches all five boroughs, we will have many more bicycles on the
streets (perhaps more than we can imagine if Albany fails to
finance public transit!), and they will be fully integrated into
the traffic system and the places that are now overpaved will have
been turned into neighborhood plazas or more room for pedestrians.
The city will be even safer as it continues to eliminate hot spots
and redesign streets with traffic safety as the top priority. Times
and Herald squares will take their places among the best and
most-visited public squares in the world. There will be less motor
vehicle traffic overall because we will have some form of
congestion pricing or toll cordon around Manhattan—if only because
it is so badly needed to help fund mass transit. Cities across
America will be moving in this direction as well as they take their
cues from a greater, greener New York.
Then I ask her to extend that to one hundred years
. . . according to Enrique Peñalosa, ex-mayor of Bogotá, thinking
long term frees us from our habitual cynical instincts.
Certainly there will be many forks in the road and
choices the city will make over the next century, and technological
leaps are hard to predict, but I think we can be sure that
information technology will be fully built into the transportation
system, so that the full array of one’s travel choices at any given
moment from bus arrivals to parking availability will be accessible
and clear from one’s home, workplace, mobile device, screen on your
handlebars, chip in your head, or whatever is in use in this regard
in 2109. Appropriate technology will have fully taken hold, so
bicycles will be pretty standard for short trips and the zoning
change that will be approved this year will mean that bike parking
and accessibility will have been built directly into the city’s
building stock. Cars will be more like today’s smart cars in scale
but zero-emission and with collision avoidance systems built in,
and the city will have addressed its problems with the movement of
goods as population and overall trade grow—more of our stuff will
be moved on trains and by water routes. So too, our crowded skies
and airports will see some relief because the short- and perhaps
medium-haul air markets will have yielded to far more convenient
high-speed rail.
But, I wonder, sensing an uphill battle in some
sectors, how does one balance the interests of business, the
ordinary citizen, and I guess what might be called “quality of
life”?
The answer for largely postindustrial cities like
New York is that it is not that difficult, because the quality of
life is an important part of the business climate. In a
knowledge-based economy, people can live almost anywhere and many
can pick up and settle in another part of the world with increasing
ease. New York has a huge amount to offer but with population
growth and development pressure (which will return before long) we
still have work to do regarding open space, opportunities for
recreation, easing traffic and noise in neighborhoods,
transportation choices, crowding on public transit, and so on. The
business community in NYC largely sees opportunity when new parks
open, when we propose new pedestrian areas in Times Square and even
in plans like congestion pricing.
And ultimately what makes a city a place where one
would want to live? For decades they were places that the middle
class fled.
A lot of it has to do with opportunity, choice and
the intensive and incredibly varied social and cultural life of a
place like New York. Cities have always had that attraction for
certain types of people and, as U.S. cities have become less edgy
since the 1970s, more and more people want to partake in them. Now
the same people who value these things want to raise kids and grow
old here and that means reinforcing or adding in the conditions for
neighborhoods, open spaces, safer streets, and places to have fun
(and not just in clubs and bars) to thrive. The fact that I am
transportation commissioner and with my team have the opportunity
to create those sorts of conditions with bike-ways, new plazas,
traffic calming, and so forth is another one of the great, amazing
things about New York.
When I’m feeling optimistic I believe that the
exhilaration, freedom, and convenience I experience as I ride
around will be discovered by more and more people. The secret will
be out and the streets of New York will be even more the place for
social interaction and interplay that they are already famous for.
As others have mentioned, the economic collapse of 2008 might be a
godsend. A window has opened and people might be willing to rethink
the balance of quality of life.