London
London is a city not on a grid plan, which
can be both good and bad for getting around by bike. If one knows
the streets well, one can, by taking a zigzag path, avoid the
large, busy thoroughfares that snake through the maze of smaller
streets and, by following those smaller arteries, travel more or
less as the crow flies. However, not being a native, I have to
consult a map fairly often, as the winding streets here can lead
one astray—without realizing it, for example, I could be headed
northwest rather than west, and gradually go miles out of my
way.
London sprawls for an old city. Most European
capitals are pretty compact, but London, being an amalgamation of
former villages, has many centers, and activities can take place
miles apart from one another. As a result there can be some long
and strenuous pedals. These don’t necessarily result in making a
trip longer than it would be on the tube, but I sometimes arrive a
little shiny.
I’ve learned after many years not to fill my travel
days exclusively with work, but to give myself some free time, some
breathing space, so I can manage to retain my sanity despite the
feeling of dislocation that comes with the traveling. Random
wandering clears the head of the worries and the concerns that
might be lurking, and sometimes it’s even inspiring. I lean toward
contemporary art shows, as that’s an area I’m involved in, but
medical museums, industrial museums, and the National Museum of
Roller Skating in Lincoln, Nebraska, were all equally exciting and
served as destinations—though often what I passed along the way was
even more interesting.
The Policeman Inside
In the morning I bike east from the hotel in
Shepherd’s Bush across town to the Whitechapel Gallery, where I
have a meeting with Iwona Blazwick, the director, about a possible
talk later in the fall. That takes me more or less in a straight
line across London, west to east, staying on the north side of the
Thames. I could have taken a large multilane road that runs that
way (Westway to Marylebone Road to Pentonville Road—all the same
road, really), but I prefer navigating by landmarks. Hen riette
Mortensen, who works with Gehl Architects, a Danish urban planning
and advisory group, mentioned to me recently that this is a common
urban instinct. She said that in parts of New York there are
surprisingly few such landmarks, and therefore people sometimes
lose their bearings. Not that they get hopelessly lost—though
tourists might—but that our somewhat limited instinctual sense of
location desires more markers in some areas.
In many cities these landmarks are famous
buildings, bridges, and monuments. A triumphal arch, an old train
station, or a plaza with a tower or church on it are common
markers. In many towns these were all made during one prosperous
era, which leads me to wonder if the steel and glass towers that
are springing up everywhere now—some of them in wacky shapes like
pickles and sharp-edged triangles—ever will be looked at by some
future generation as the charming markers that give a city its
identity. Will some funny-shaped steel and mirror-glass monolith
function, in the future, in the same way the Eiffel Tower, the
Zocalo, or Marble Arch do?
My route takes me by Hyde Park, Marble Arch,
Bucking-ham Palace, Piccadilly Circus, the theater district, and
Spit alfields Market. Not the most direct route to Whitechapel, but
hopscotching from one marker to another feels like participating in
a giant board game—it is immensely satisfying. Each marker is
almost within sight of the next one, so progress toward my
objective proceeds via a series of giant steps.
After I arrive we talk over tea and Iwona mentions
that she was recently in Iran to visit some of the artists
currently working there. She says most of them are regularly
subjected to beatings by the government, and they incorporate that
into their lives and dress, wearing six pairs of pants for their
beating appointments.
The talk turns from there, unsurprisingly, to
male-dominated societies, and she volunteers that societies that
separate the sexes sometimes do so in order to encourage violence
and aggression: to be more warlike.
At one point, as an example of her idea that
oppressed people become oppressors, she mentions Israel’s dominance
over the Palestinians, and the aggressive behavior of the Israelis,
as if this were a well-known fact. I don’t altogether disagree, but
I am surprised to hear it voiced so openly. In America, and
especially in New York, there is a hidden level of not-so-subtle
censorship of such statements. They are just never heard, or if
they are, the speaker is often given a nasty look or accused of
anti-Semitism.
I wonder how many other aspects of North American
thought might be self-censored. Quite a few, I would imagine. Every
culture must have its no-speak/no-tell zones. The “policeman
inside,” as William Burroughs called it. Though we might espouse
free speech as an absolute virtue, some self-censorship might be
excusable. There are plenty of times when we have nasty revenge
fantasies about drivers who cut us off and what we would do to the
people on the other end of rude phone conversations, but we don’t
always voice those feelings. Well, not seriously. Likewise,
salacious thoughts about strangers might be voiced by louts, but
“refined” folks, though they too might be turned on by an
attractive woman’s legs or a man’s crotch, keep those thoughts to
themselves. It’s part of the social contract. It’s how we get
along. Self-censorship is part of being a social animal, and in
that sense it’s not always a bad thing.
We refrain, most of the time, from insulting or
attacking our friends’ religious beliefs. In fact the very subject
of what religious beliefs might be held by an individual is often
considered out of bounds in polite conversation. Likewise, we don’t
usually make fun of other people’s families in front of them—their
parents, children, or siblings. Only they are allowed to do that.
And most of us refrain from direct criticism of people’s personal
appearance. We don’t inform people that they are overweight, broken
out, or having a bad-hair day.
But what Burroughs was referring to was more than
that. He, I think rightly, realized that eventually we reach a
point where the self-censorship of some ideas, not just what we
might refer to as rude comments, can become internalized. At some
point “bad,” inappropriate, politically incorrect, or
unconventional thoughts may not even arise or occur to us. If they
do they are suppressed so quickly, unconsciously, that it’s as
though we’d never had them. Soon they appear to never arise at all.
Freud noticed this and presumed that these forbidden thoughts
accumulate and fester somewhere: the trash can never truly be
emptied by intellectually or consciously throwing it out, according
to him. For Burroughs this censorship is evidence of a kind of mind
control—an instance of society limiting not just what we do and
say, but what we allow ourselves to think. For him it is an example
of the religious police or homeland security finally getting inside
your head and installing their little cop in there. And that kind
of censorship is perfect—once you self-censor certain ideas you
don’t need an outside agency as a monitor.
When that level of self-censorship kicks in you are
unaware that it is happening. At that point, it seems to you that
there is no censorship at all; it appears to you that your thoughts
are actually unfettered and free. In all likelihood the outside
instigator or legislator of your thoughts—the government, the
media, your friends, your parents—have also convinced themselves
that those thoughts are not even happening, that they don’t exist.
Eventually there is no more outside-the-box thinking as far as some
kinds of thoughts go. Everything, even the maker of the box, is
inside the box.
Country Life
On my way back to the hotel, I ride through Hyde
Park. The sun is shining brightly, rare for this town. Lots of
people are out walking what I must assume are upper-class dogs.
Only a few limited breeds are in evidence: blond Irish setters,
Scotties (mostly white), and the occasional whippet. Almost no
other member of the dog world is visible at all. Ditto the
people—only a few rarified breeds seem to enjoy the park.
I pass by what I assume is an upper-class matron
and her kids. She is in full regalia—a green hunting jacket, beige
trousers, and Wellington boots. Is she planning on off-roading it?
Finding a particularly soft bit of ground here in Hyde Park and
wallowing in her Wellies? Shooting a few of the local ducks or
swans? (The colors she’s wearing will help her blend in perfectly.)
Her kids are likewise dressed for “country life.” Miniature
versions of Mum. Wonderful that though they’re in the middle of one
of the world’s great cities they can pretend to themselves that
they are in the Highlands. Well, not really—we know that here
costume is, more than in most places, a signifier of what class you
belong to.
After lunch at the hotel I go off again, this time
along the promenade that borders the north side of the river until
I reach Tower Bridge, crawling with tourists, and then I head south
across the bridge to a small side street and the Design Museum. Tom
Heatherwick curated what is called the Conran Foundation Collection
show, which was beautifully installed, hilarious, and moving. The
exhibit consists of thirty thousand pounds’—the show’s financial
budget—worth of his favorite oddball stuff, some of it examples of
high design but most of it not. Interesting that this show has
nothing to do with Conran’s, the store, except that Sir Conran is
on the board of the museum and funds this particular design show.
Of course far from being high design, many of the objects that
Heatherwick has chosen are things we might easily have at home. By
putting each thing in its own modular wooden vitrine, his
installation allows you to consider the objects, whether high or
low, one interesting item at a time: toothpaste dispensers, stylish
high-tech design gadgets, plastic combs, and Cup Noodles
packages.
Once upon a time it was considered radical to even
show mass-produced objects in the same place as fine art—in museums
with flattering lighting and little labels. Now, by implication and
extension, Cup Noodles containers presented next to more expensive
design objects become equals. We’re being asked to see the elegance
or at least innovation and cleverness in banal everyday crap that
for the most part is never given a second look. Living with this
kind of stuff every day, day after day, we often don’t even notice
it anymore. We assume it just is—unremarkable, undistinguished—and
we forget that it was at some point designed by someone and may in
fact be elegant, efficiently made, and even beautiful.
After viewing the show I have tea with the (now
ex-) director of the Design Museum, Alice Rawsthorn, who can jump
into a serious philosophical discussion faster than anyone I’ve
ever met. She immediately asks if any of the journalists who’ve
interviewed me lately were actually stimulating to talk to. I
respond by mentioning a thought that had occurred to me regarding
the perception of people who create things, especially performers
like me. People tend to think that creative work is an expression
of a preexisting desire or passion, a feeling made manifest, and in
a way it is. As if an overwhelming anger, love, pain, or longing
fills the artist or composer, as it might with any of us—the
difference being that the creative artist then has no choice but to
express those feelings through his or her given creative medium. I
proposed that more often the work is a kind of tool that discovers
and brings to light that emotional muck. Singers (and possibly
listeners of music too) when they write or perform a song don’t so
much bring to the work already formed emotions, ideas, and feelings
as much as they use the act of singing as a device that reproduces
and dredges them up. The song remakes the emotion—the emotion
doesn’t produce the song. Well, the emotion has to have been there
at some time in one’s life for there to be something from which to
draw. But it seems to me that a creative device—if a work can be
considered a device—evokes that passion, melancholy, loneliness, or
euphoria but is not itself an expression, an example, a fruit of
that passion. Creative work is more accurately a machine that digs
down and finds stuff, emotional stuff that will someday be raw
material that can be used to produce more stuff, stuff like
itself—clay to be available for future use.
Form Is Function
I head back west, this time along the pedestrian
promenade that extends along the South Bank, then north across
Waterloo Bridge and inland until I reach the British Museum, where
there is a show of curiosity cabinets called Enlightenment. To me
the collecting of “curiosities” and an enlightened view of the
world somehow seem mutually exclusive, or at least one doesn’t
necessarily always lead and connect to the other, but here they
have been shoved together, possibly because an activity and a
worldview overlapped in time.
The objects in the Wunderkammer—preserved
creatures, odd books and treatises, antique carvings, sacred
objects from foreign lands—were often grouped, by Sir John Soane
and other collectors of that period, by whatever criteria seemed
appropriate, be it shape, material, or color. There would be, for
example, a mass of bulbous objects from various parts of the world
and then some sharp, pointy ones grouped together. Many of these
objects had nothing to do with one another except for having
similar shapes. Hardly what one would think of as a rigorous,
enlightened scientific method of categorization. But thinking back
on it, I would suggest that, yes, in a truly enlightened world all
green objects are in a way related somehow, more than by just being
green, and maybe they are related in a way we don’t understand yet,
just as all hexagonal objects might share a common trait as well.
These crazy groupings might someday be seen as not completely
arbitrary.
Any kind of taxonomy might be as good or valid as
any other, though we might not know for sure until some time in the
future when a scientific paper “discovers” that hexagonal or
bulbous shapes, or similar colors or textures are functions that in
some way determine content, in the way that the form of a DNA
molecule defines and is its function. Form doesn’t
follow function in that case—form is function. I
wonder to myself if genetics might be on the verge of some such
wider revelation, beyond our understanding of DNA, based on
molecular structures that are common across life-forms and species.
Temple Grandin, in her book Animals in Translation, proposes
that all animals with a white patch of fur on their bodies are less
likely to be shy than their cousins. On the surface such an idea
might seem completely irrational. As if my hair color could be an
indication or even a determinant of my personality. But if such
ideas can be proven then we’re not that far from pointy things and
bulbous things as legitimate classifications.
It’s a bit like sympathetic magic in a way: the
usual Western presumption that “primitive” rituals mimic what they
desire to achieve—that phallic objects might be believed to
increase male potency and playacting rainfall might somehow bring
it about. I am suspicious of such obvious connections and I suspect
that the connections among things, people, and processes can be
equally irrational. I sense the world might be more dreamlike,
metaphorical, and poetic than we currently believe—but just as
irrational as sympathetic magic when looked at in a typically
scientific way. I wouldn’t be surprised if poetry—poetry in the
broadest sense, in the sense of a world filled with metaphor,
rhyme, and recurring patterns, shapes, and designs—is how the world
works. The world isn’t logical, it’s a song.
I head back along Oxford Street, which is a handful
to navigate with all its double-decker buses and cabs, and then
south through the little grid of Soho. I pause to watch a big
Muslim demonstration in Trafalgar Square with signs urging everyone
(everyone meaning Muslims and Christians) to get along and to have
some mutual understanding and respect. Lots of praying and
chanting. I wonder if “respect” in this case isn’t really a code
word for “enough with the nasty Danish cartoons”? Those recent
cartoons must simply confirm what Muslims already suspect the
infidels think about Islam. The subtext—that the West thinks
Muslims are mainly dirty, conniving bearded terrorists or arms
dealers—can be read and inferred in so many newspaper articles,
action movies, the reporting and punditry on Fox News, and in
Western political speeches. It’s not that those programs and action
movies come out and say these things, but it’s easy enough to read
the implied message.
Back at my hotel I look around the sleek lobby. The
staff seems mainly to be young Russians and Italians dressed in
black. Two African businessmen in suits sit on a nearby sofa and
leaf through newspapers. Waiting. A young Japanese man calls for a
taxi. A few couples emerge from the elevators. Some of the couples
are almost my age. (I’m in my midfifties.) They appear to be from
the provinces and don’t seem like lovers here for a tryst or
businesspeople. What brought them here? The piped-in music from the
adjoining bar and lounge is revving up to full disco level now that
evening is approaching, and the lobby, all dark and moody, has
transformed into something more like a club than a hotel. The
couples and tourists now seem pretty out of place, as if what they
thought in the afternoon was a hotel lobby had sneakily morphed
into a dark nightclub while they were out sightseeing.
Reality-Based World
The Independent newspaper says that after
World War II a number of studies and some reports by military
officers estimated that only one in four soldiers had actually
fired on the enemy. The others weren’t psychologically ready to
kill, so they simply didn’t. Very annoying for the higher-ups. The
ubiquitous image of soldiers rushing into battle with guns blazing
simply didn’t happen. A man named Dave Grossman was brought in to
remedy the problem. He used “operant conditioning,” a Skinnerian
psychological term, combined with simulations that mimicked actual
combat conditions. Previously, firearms training mainly involved
shooting at distant targets and aiming carefully. Grossman’s
psychological conditioning techniques were further refined over the
years, with the addition of simulators—devices that bore a
remarkable resemblance to today’s first-person shooter video games.
(One wonders if the military should get some credit for designing
what eventually became video-game software.) The efficiency of the
soldiers trained by using these simulations was quadrupled, so it
was proven to be extremely effective.
Based on this evidence Grossman wrote a book called
On Killing and has since become a critic of the impact of
commercial video games, claiming that they are in effect training
young players to be killing machines. He believes that shooter
video games teach adolescents (and frustrated nerds) to have the
killing instinct, to quicken their reactions, and to lower their
inhibitions. He has a Web site: killology.com.
This sounds awfully close to the complaints of
shocked liberals when they observe their kids playing a round of
Grand Theft Auto. Playing war games and mowing down zombies is
pretty ubiquitous among adolescent boys, and most usually grow out
of it and realize that it is playacting. But Grossman, an insider
if ever there was one, seems to be claiming that some line gets
crossed.
Similarly the recently deceased professor of
communication George Gerbner claimed that when consumed in
sufficient quantities, modern media, like television, substitute
their realities for the reality out in the streets, “on the
ground.” He claimed that people who watch a lot of TV begin to live
their lives as if the TV reality were an accurate reflection of the
world outside. After a while the TV reality takes precedence over
the “real” world. Given what’s on TV, this televised version of
reality paints a picture of the world as a dangerous place, full of
crime, suspicious characters, and double-dealing—and with an
inordinate portion of the population devoted to law enforcement.
Cities as portrayed on TV are filled with blatantly sexy men and
women, stereotypically oddball characters and disreputable agents,
and the cops who are there to deal with all of them. The world is
divided up into beautiful party people, lawbreakers, and enforc
ers. To some extent this skewed picture of the world, according to
Gerbner, eventually becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. When the
TV-saturated public begins to act as if the TV reality is real and
behaves accordingly—reacting fearfully and suspiciously to a world
perceived as being primarily populated with drug dealers and con
men, according to Gerbner’s scenario—then eventually the real world
begins to adjust itself to match the fiction. The fact is there are
such things as cops, drug dealers, sleazy bitches, and attractive
folks with ready banter and clever quips. These stereotypes are not
entirely made up. Their existence can be confirmed, just not in the
proportions seen in TV land. But as any marketing or advertising
person will tell you, perception is all.
I wonder if this view of Gerbner’s isn’t too
alarmist. Part of the reason there are so many gunslingers and cops
on TV might be because that is the contemporary dramatic narrative
context of the age-old story of the brave and questing hero. It’s a
conveniently available, semibelievable, and plausible setting in
which to place these eternally recurring myths. Life-changing
stories don’t usually take place at an office desk or a computer
terminal—and those banal workaday locations are not very conducive
to visual media anyway. When I was growing up, TV was all westerns
and cowboys. Then, a few years later, TV shows were all about
spies. The cowboys had vanished. But I knew—or I think I did—that
the world wasn’t really ever filled with that many cowboys west of
the Mississippi, or that half the men I saw in suits weren’t in
fact glamorous spies. The images and the emotional buttons they
triggered still enthralled me, though.
Now, if we were to take what we are presented
literally, the world would be made of smart-asses, cops, sexy
bitches, and gangsters. But maybe they are all just a vehicle for
the same old stories, stories we love and need, but don’t really
take seriously as a mirror of reality. No one seriously thinks that
because Shakespeare mainly wrote about royalty that people thought
the world was all upper class, a universe made up entirely of
tragic kings and princes. The bubble universe of the royals, and
that of the aristocracy, is by nature more artificial and more
theatrical, and therefore easier to view as an allegory. That makes
it a better setting for storytelling. Likewise cops, robbers, and
sexy bitches. Maybe all those exaggerated characters always simply
mirror a different kind of reality—the one inside.
What’s Then Is Now
The past is not a prologue to the present; it is
the present—morphed a bit, stretched, distorted, and with different
emphasis. It’s a structurally similar, though very much contorted,
version of the present. Therefore, in a sense, time—history—can, at
least in our heads, flow in either direction, because deeply,
structurally nothing has really changed. We think we’re going in a
line through time, making progress, advancing, but we might be
going in circles.
What we call history could be viewed as a record of
how basic social forms have distorted or morphed. It simply changes
shape, but the underlying patterns and behaviors are always there,
under the surface—as they are in biological forms. Aspects, organs,
limbs, and appendages swell and others contract to the point of
atrophy in order to accommodate current evolutionary needs and
contingencies, but they could just as well flow and shrink in the
other direction, should specific needs and surroundings change.
History might behave in the same way—the names and numbers change,
but the underlying patterns remain.
Morning, I wake up and it’s sunny! I cycle back
along the South Bank promenade until I reach the Tate Modern.
There, tucked away inside another exhibition, is a single room of
spreads from a Russian magazine published in the 1930s called
USSR in Construction, which was often designed by Rodchenko,
El Lissitzky, and other fairly radical artists of the time. The
layouts are beautiful—obviously intended as propaganda (the
magazine was printed in a few languages)—sometimes corny as hell,
but gorgeous.
If one didn’t know anything else about the Soviet
Union, one might look at these beautiful and radically innovative
graphic layouts and think, Wow, what a cool place, what a hip scene
it must be, and what an enlightened government they must have to
produce and sponsor such an amazing magazine. (One might have said
the same thing decades later about the U.S.-sponsored international
shows of abstract art and state-sponsored jazz tours—which was
indeed the intention.)
Here are some spreads by Rodchenko:
Here is a layout featuring “illuminations” added to
a tractor factory for the enjoyment and excitement of the
workers—sort of workplace as pleasure palace/theme park. Google,
the current hip place to work, where the workplace is hyped as a
cool campus, has some catching up to do.
Other images in this magazine feature elaborate
foldouts, duotones of smiling peasants posed next to Stalin, and
one incredible spread of a paratrooper—the top of the page can be
unfolded to become a duotone of a parachute sail. Glorious and
unsubtle propaganda. I guess all these artists were buying the
party line at that point or hoping they might change things from
the inside.
It’s an odd sensation looking at these—both
chilling and thrilling. One knows, with hindsight, what horrors
Stalin would perpetrate, yet one wants to separate the innovative
graphic work from the perverted version of the ideology that it was
selling. It’s an old question: how cool and detached can we be in
appreciating design and formal innovation? It’s not too hard to
admire the occasionally innovative contemporary TV commercial for
junk food or overpriced jeans, but lots of folks have issues with
the formal and technical innovations of Albert Speer and Leni
Riefenstahl.
What is often referred to as socialist realism was
not exclusively a Russian movement. Propaganda murals extolling
workers and industry were produced in New York and elsewhere.
Bas-relief sculptures were carved on buildings in lower Manhattan
depicting the press workers who labored inside. In my neighborhood
there is a large bronze statue on the sidewalk of a man sitting at
a machine, bent over, sewing, and another sculpture of a giant
needle and button. Glorious sweatshop workers! But the cult of the
living great leader didn’t seem to take root here as much as it did
in the East.
I head directly across the river via the pedestrian
bridge to St. Paul’s Cathedral (very spooky organ music is playing
inside—big, ominous chords). The revolving entrance door has these
words on it:
That’s quite a claim for a revolving door! I guess
it says it backward when you’re inside.
What’s Music For?
My friend C and I have lunch with two youngish
guys who run an art gallery here while its owners are out of
town—one is a thin German man who has just moved here a few months
ago and the other is an Englishman transplanted from another local
gallery. The gallery is in Mayfair, the zone of gilt-framed, stodgy
landscape paintings; antiques and antiquities; luxe designer
boutiques; and shops that seem peculiarly British—one is called the
Cufflink Connoisseur, while another displays polo gear and riding
crops in the windows.
The gallerists ask me what I’m up to in a way that
says “have you done anything since Talking Heads?” It’s
always a little weird when people obviously think I haven’t done
much since the hit records they remember from their childhood. The
subject turns to live music we’ve seen or heard lately and the
German man says he’s only been to about five live shows in his
entire life; he grew up on techno and electronic dance music and
that’s pretty much all he listens to—DJs. I ask what time those
“shows” begin and he tells me that the big-name DJs usually don’t
go on before one. I feel a little old-fashioned—I’m usually in bed
by then.
The Englishman comments to me that Germans are
obsessed with techno, which gets a slightly puzzled and possibly
annoyed look from his associate. I think to myself how very
different our concepts and uses of music are, how varied they can
be. I assume that for the German gentleman music is a sort of
machine, a tool that facilitates dancing and some kind of release.
Its function is therefore simple, clear-cut, and it either does its
job or it doesn’t. I imagine it’s pretty context dependent too. Not
too many offices have booming techno bouncing off the walls. Music,
for him, will be associated with a specific place and time of day,
like going to a gym or an art museum—it’s not necessarily something
one experiences at home. Maybe there is some social interaction at
those techno clubs as well, so the music helps provide a way for
that to happen too. Music, in this view, is definitely not about
the words, that much is obvious.
What is music for in my case? Well, I like dancing
to music too, though I find that more syncopated rhythms—funk,
Latin, hip-hop, etc.—get me moving more often than the repetitive
metronomic thump of house or techno. I suspect that syncopated
rhythms simultaneously “activate” a variety of parts of the body
(and mind) in different ways, and that the pleasure derived from
this palimpsest of rhythms acts like a biological metaphor—a
metaphor and mirror of social and organic rhythms and processes
that we find enjoyable. I don’t find this music to be context
specific. I’ll bop around my loft or sway to an iPod on the subway.
Most often when listening and not dancing I choose music with
singing as I find that the arc of a melody, combined with harmonies
and a rhythmic pulse, can be incredibly emotionally involving. We
call these songs. Sometimes the words help too, but I’ll often put
up with lame lyrics if the rest of it works.
So that’s two “uses” I have for music. I also
sometimes listen to sound tracks, contemporary classical music, and
vaguely experimental music—usually as a background, a mood
enhancer, or for atmosphere. We get doses of music this way in
films and TV all the time. This is music as air-conditioning. Damn,
I forgot to mention to the German gallerist my recent collaboration
with Paul van Dyk, the techno master—I would have scored some
points and cred if I had.
I remark that the waiter seems to be wearing
eyeliner, which prompts a change in subject to the local
Abercrombie & Fitch store, where I am told all the shop
assistants must be (or must at least appear to be) models in order
to be hired. This former bastion of WASP outdoor wear—which
intentionally used to be about as sexy as the boxy Brooks Brothers
look—has remade itself as a kind of homoerotic Fascist-chic
outpost. Talk about a makeover! Is there a Tom of Finland lurking
behind or within every buttoned-down square? Two male models stand
at the entrance of the shop in hot pants, and the walls inside are
plastered with photos and paintings (paintings!) of shirtless male
models. The ploy has paid off handsomely; youths of all types fill
the place daily. It sounds like a wonderful kitsch theme park, like
a Leni Riefenstahl film or toga epic come to life. But what does it
mean that gay kitsch sells clothes to straight youth? Calvin Klein
has been doing it for decades. His black-and-white ads look like
images from soft-core gay mags from the 1950s or ’60s. Surely using
this sales tool is intentional and is not just an excuse for him to
meet the models. Do the straight kids who shop there, many of whom
would never knowingly be associated with anything gay, think, Oh,
they’re just cute guys?
It’s still gorgeous and sunny, so I’m off again,
south, across the river, now to the Imperial War Museum, where
there is a great show of camouflage that includes two of the
outfits used in my film True Stories! Here’s a ship in what
was called “dazzle” camouflage:
As my friend C says, “Where would that be
camouflage? In a circus?” We think of camouflage as the ubiquitous
blobby patterns that the military love to sport, whether it’s
practical or not, but it seems when camouflage was invented it had
a wider scope. It wasn’t just to blend in with the forest or
desert. It was also, as it is with many insects, used to confuse
front and back, shape (and therefore purpose), and size. There were
examples of lovely pop-up tanks and trucks intended to increase the
apparent size of convoys and regiments. Potemkin tanks and
artillery, which could be collapsed and folded up. A small
detachment would carry fake additional vehicles and hope that the
enemy, seeing the apparent size of the opposing force, would think
better of attacking.
Cultural Stereotypes 1
As I head back to the hotel, the light is fading.
The winding side streets are pleasant to ride on, especially in
sunny weather. This city is fairly human scale and cottagelike, as
C calls it. There must be regulations limiting building height in
many neighborhoods. Over the years this has forced the city to
sprawl beyond reason, which has in turn increased the traffic. The
buildings mostly remain under ten stories, and this scale and the
architectural details tell a story about how the English see
themselves as a people and as a nation. “We might be sophisticated,
posh, and upper class; creative titans; world conquerors and
explorers, but at bottom we are all simple country cottage folks.”
I’m not saying the architecture literally tells a story. I’m not
talking about inscriptions engraved on the walls. It’s achieved via
metaphor. A story told in lintels and windowsills, through the
queen—with her dowdy clothes—and the royals’ country hunting
costumes. The windows everywhere, with lots of little panes and
mullions, are significantly more enclosing, sheltering, and
comforting than giant modern picture windows. The little panes hark
back to the countryside, to a mythical, simple life.
I emerge from the side streets onto big
thoroughfares like Regent Street and Piccadilly, which are pretty
hairy to ride on with those giant red buses and no bike lanes, but
overall I’ve been lucky with the weather and riding.
I have drinks with Verity McArthur from the
Roundhouse, a local venue recently renovated, and Matthew Byam
Shaw, a producer of the play Frost/Nixon, among others. I
meet them at a private club in Covent Garden called the Hospital,
apparently thrown up recently by Dave Stewart (Eurythmics) in a
former, well, hospital. Almost all the patrons have their laptops
out at the lounge tables. They’re socializing, e-mailing and
instant messaging (I guess), and drinking, all at the same time.
Maybe they’re all frantically busy with social networking—trying to
figure out what to do later in the evening? Or maybe interaction
with live people just isn’t quite stimulating enough?
The folks here love their private clubs, and
they’ve only admitted women to some of them since the 1980s, or so
I am told. The clubs must be a legacy of the class system, which
lingers obstinately in so many forms. In this classist view one
must separate oneself from the hoi polloi if possible—in speech, in
dress, and of course where one drinks. Even if you’re not upper
class, you need to wall yourself off from those slightly beneath
you or even those alongside you who are different in some way.
Hipsters need their clubs and workingmen need theirs. Once everyone
is in their place—in their appropriate drinking establishment in
this case—there is order and peace in the world.
Another remnant of class and caste is the notion
that everyone should stay in their place and station. To get
involved in areas, jobs, and even (or especially) ideas beyond your
station is bad form and is frowned upon. It is viewed as
pretentious (if you’re going from low to high) and inauthentic (if
you’re going from high to low). A film on the life of the late Joe
Strummer brings out his diplomatic and vaguely upper-class
upbringing and how he did a perfect job of hiding it—or at least of
keeping it quiet—as it would not have sat well with the image of
the anarchic justice-seeking punk hero he was to become. I always
found that pure-rogue pose a little suspect regardless of anyone’s
upbringing, but in later years Strummer and his collaborators
ventured into other musical areas that didn’t require him to carry
the burden of that image of a working-class hero. He seemed
liberated in a way. Similarly, Prince Charles gets roasted every
time he speaks out about organic farming or the evils of modern
architecture and urban planning. The criticism leveled at poor
Charles is usually along the lines of “royals should be seen and
not heard” more than anything substantive. What difference does it
make anyway where you come from? Can’t you be judged by what you
do, make, and say, and not by what caste you were born into?
All Happy Families Are . . . Eccentric
I meet Michael Morris, of the public arts
organization Artangel, at a gallery opening. There are security
people at the door, and I spy someone holding a guest list. Michael
e-mailed me earlier that he’d “put us on the list.” For an art
gallery opening? Well, lots of New York galleries now have hired
security guards, just like museums, so I guess guest lists and
velvet ropes are next.
It is a pretty spectacular place, this
gallery—floor after floor of exhibition spaces in an industrial
zone in funky Hackney, topped by a large room with one glass wall
leading to a balcony that looks out over the skyline. Young women
with trays offer glasses of champagne. The current show is of
paintings by the late Alice Neel, a portrait painter who worked in
New York for many decades. She was scorned for her old-fashioned
and conservative style—painted portraits—and then, near the end of
her life, she experienced a short burst of acceptance. Now, decades
later, there is a new appreciation welling up again. Maybe the work
looks prescient? Maybe it looks prescient every decade or so,
whenever a slew of younger artists do work that is vaguely similar
to hers? In that way maybe she’s being used to validate the
present, and in turn the present is being used to validate the
past?
I am introduced to Grayson Perry, the transvestite
potter who won the Turner Prize a few years ago. “It’s about time a
transvestite potter got this prize!” he said when he won. He also
said that it was more significant that a potter got the prize than
a transvestite. He’s right. I have one of his pots. He covers them
with images and often with rude texts. Here’s one called Boring
Cool People:
He is in full Victorian baby-doll little-girl drag
tonight, looking like Alice in Wonderland when she suddenly got
big. A blond wig, a floral pinafore frock, and bare legs ending in
little pink socks with ruffles and white patent leather Mary Janes.
(Where does he get this stuff in his size? Someone must make them
by hand. Yes, he confirmed, and they’re not cheap.)
He knows that I have one of his pieces, and he was
thrilled when he heard that news years ago. I am thrilled to meet
him. He is married and has a daughter—I saved a family picture that
was in the UK papers when he won the Turner Prize. In the picture,
he stands in his dress alongside his attractive and seemingly
ordinary wife (she’s a shrink!), she giving a full-on laugh, and in
front is their daughter, beaming a huge smile, obviously happy that
Dad has won the most prestigious art prize in the land. Dad puts on
an expression of mock horror at all the fuss, but clearly it’s all
in fun. If this family can be happy—if this family can even
exist—then thank God for the English toleration of eccentrics. In
another place this lot might be miserable, oppressed, and
sequestered. Not all cultural stereotypes—such as the English
eccentric—are completely inaccurate or harmful.
We chat casually for a bit and then C suddenly
unleashes a volley of what I think of as pretty probing questions:
“Do you do a bunch of different characters?” (Yes. The little-girl
character is called Claire.) “When did you first start dressing
up?” (He was thirteen and he tried on his sister’s ballet
outfit.)
Front and Back: Cultural Stereotypes 2
Later I have dinner at a hip restaurant where I am
sitting close to a largish couple from Northern Ireland, who, to be
honest, don’t seem to belong in such a groovy temple. (Here I go
applying my own class evaluations and stereotypes—what are
they doing in this place?) He’s an IT functionary in
town for business meetings, and she’s along for the ride on the
expense account, or so I would guess. They look like northerners on
holiday in the big city, but they mention that they’re staying next
door, at the Ritz, which is more than I would imagine an ordinary
regional branch manager could afford. It’s way more than I can
afford. They explain some of the local dishes to us. Jersey Royals
are a miniscule type of potato only available at select times of
year. I look over as we talk, and either from a glass of wine or
some medical condition the woman has turned bright red all
over—face, neck, and arms. But they’re both so unassuming,
easygoing, and lacking in all pretense that after a minute or two I
don’t even notice it.
The restaurant has doormen dressed in traditional
English tails, as does our hotel. I love the juxtaposition between
the two opposing poles of dress and manner: the reserved, polite,
perfect, and solicitous staff in contrast with the world of
theatrical shock, horror, and gross-out represented by Chapman
Bros., Damien Hirst, Amy Winehouse, chavs, and football hooligans.
It all has to come out, I guess—the bigger the front the bigger the
back. You can’t have one without the other. I’m reminded of the ads
that plaster the phone booths offering spankings and humiliation.
One assumes that for an upper-class type especially, keeping it all
in and maintaining that reserve can get to be a bit much sometimes,
so one needs to be put in one’s place artificially and theatrically
to somewhat redress the balance of power. I’m jumping to national
stereotypes myself here.
In Venezuela there are chains of coffee shops where
the clientele, almost exclusively male, is waited on by attractive
women in tight outfits. The twist—what separates this chain from
ordinary coffee shops—is that the interior architecture allows the
female waitstaff to tower over the men. The women are positioned
behind the counter on a slightly elevated platform. This means the
typical Latin macho man is either being put in his place, and
enjoying it, or that he is being transported back to his childhood,
where his primary view is of his mother’s breasts looming
conveniently above him.
Toffs and Yobs: Cultural Stereotypes 3
We go for drinks at a nice place in Soho, a white
tablecloth place, but nothing hoity-toity. However, after a few
minutes, while we are having a drink, a couple of football louts
stroll in, shoulders back, tense, tattooed, and possibly a little
high. They scope out the place briefly and then begin shouting
something to the effect of “come the revolution you lot will all be
sorry.” There is a short face-off with the poor gay maître d’, who
backs away—he’s sure he’s going to get punched—as the rest of the
staff reach for their phones.
The yobs push farther into the restaurant and toss
out a few more choice insults toward the worried diners. (The
restaurant is next door to the Ivy, a scenester hangout. Maybe the
anarchist louts got the address wrong?)
Nothing happens, and the pair wanders out. I smile
at one, but he murmurs something about “yer all gonna get it,”
which seems bad manners, to say the least. No policeman inside
these fellows.
They’re gone, and the maître d’ apologizes to the
customers and then disappears and we never see him again.
British class antagonism lives on. It keeps the
yobs in their place and makes the toffs nervously squirm in theirs.
No wonder they like private clubs!
Later in the evening I dismantle my bike in the
hotel room. The seat, handlebars, and wheels pop off and then it
folds into a large suitcase. Time to go home to New York. Sometimes
the hotel staff doesn’t like me bringing a bike inside, but often
it arrives hidden in its big suitcase so they haven’t a clue that
I’m up in the room with an Allen wrench and rubber gloves to keep
the grease off my hands, assembling—or in this case,
disassembling—my means of transport.
The businessman across from me in the Heathrow
lounge is making baby sounds into his cell phone.
I pick up a copy of Newsweek on the plane
and immediately notice how biased, slanted, and opinionated all the
U.S. news-magazine articles are. Not that the Euro and British
press aren’t biased as well—they certainly are—but living in the
United States we are led to believe, and are constantly reminded,
that our press is fair and free of bias. After such a short time
away, I am shocked at how obviously and blatantly this lie is
revealed—there is the “reporting” that is essentially parroting
what the White House press secretary announces; the myriad built-in
assumptions that one ceases to register after being somewhere else
for a while. The myth of neutrality is an effective blanket for a
host of biases.
On arriving in New York one immediately sees that
the labor and service jobs are almost all being done by African
Americans and recent immigrants. The first things you notice in the
airport corridors are ads and banks of TVs on which CNN or Fox News
is running constantly. The propaganda blast starts the minute one
steps off the plane—there’s no option except to be inundated.
There is, however, the almost welcome third-world
aspect of New York that mitigates this obnoxious propaganda just a
little bit—the clunky lopsided baggage carts you have to pay for,
(despite most people not having dollars yet), the touts offering
rides, and the generally aggressive chaotic hubbub—cursing,
shouting, pushing, and shoving—as the exhausted foreign traveler
wonders how in the world he or she is going to get home. This
anarchic arrival must be frightening to a foreigner, but to me it’s
almost a welcome relief. It’s honest, crude—the whole city as one
big souk.